The Effect of Artificial The Effect of Artificial Sugar and Raw Sugar on Sugar and Raw Sugar on the Daphnia’s Heartbeatthe Daphnia’s Heartbeat

Katie ClarkeKatie Clarke

Nov. 7 2006Nov. 7 2006

PurposePurpose

To see how the daphnia’s To see how the daphnia’s heartbeat is affected by the heartbeat is affected by the artificial sugar and the raw sugar.artificial sugar and the raw sugar.

Background- DaphniaBackground- Daphnia

Over 150 species Over 150 species Males- 2 Males- 2

millimetersmillimeters Females- 3-5 Females- 3-5

millimetersmillimeters Diet of algaeDiet of algae

Background- Artificial Background- Artificial Sugar (Aspartame)Sugar (Aspartame) Aspartic AcidAspartic Acid 40%40% an excitotoxinan excitotoxin Can pass through the blood brain Can pass through the blood brain

barrierbarrier

Background- Background- AspartameAspartame PhenylalaninePhenylalanine 50%50% 4% is in protein we eat4% is in protein we eat

Background- Background- AspartameAspartame Methyl Ester Methyl Ester 10%10% Wood AlcoholWood Alcohol Breaks down into formaldehydeBreaks down into formaldehyde

Background- Raw Background- Raw SugarSugar Not processed Not processed From crushed sugar canes From crushed sugar canes Thin coating of molassesThin coating of molasses

HypothesisHypothesis

If the daphnia is exposed to If the daphnia is exposed to artificial sugar containing artificial sugar containing aspartame the daphnia’s aspartame the daphnia’s heartbeat will be higher than it heartbeat will be higher than it would be with raw sugar.would be with raw sugar.

VariablesVariables

Dependant Variable- Daphnia’s Dependant Variable- Daphnia’s heartbeatheartbeat

Independent Variable- Artificial Independent Variable- Artificial sugar and Raw sugarsugar and Raw sugar

ControlControl

Control- Daphnia’s heartbeats Control- Daphnia’s heartbeats with waterwith water

ConstantsConstants

Constants- The daphnia, the Constants- The daphnia, the amount of raw sugar used, the amount of raw sugar used, the amount of artificial sugar used, amount of artificial sugar used, and the time each daphnia was and the time each daphnia was watched.watched.

MaterialsMaterials

2 Cultures of 2 Cultures of Daphnia MagnaDaphnia Magna

1 Teaspoon1 Teaspoon 1 Microscope 1 Microscope 1 Slide1 Slide Artificial Sugar Artificial Sugar

““EqualEqual”” Raw Sugar Raw Sugar “Sugar “Sugar

in the Raw”in the Raw”

3 Eyedroppers3 Eyedroppers 2 Cups of water2 Cups of water 1 Watch1 Watch

ProcedureProcedure

ResultsResults

Daphnia's Heartbeats per Minute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1 2 3 4 5

Minutes

Dap

hn

ia H

eart

bea

ts

Water

Equal

Sugar in the Raw

ResultsResults

Daphnia's Average Heartbeat

Minutes 1 2 3 4 5

Water 218 245 217 267 270

Artificial Sugar 312 502 299 306 304

Raw Sugar 290 293 301 296 298

ConclusionConclusion

To see how the daphnia’s To see how the daphnia’s heartbeat is affected by the heartbeat is affected by the artificial sugar and the raw sugar.artificial sugar and the raw sugar.

The Hypothesis was acceptedThe Hypothesis was accepted Possible because of the Possible because of the

excitotoxinexcitotoxin Aspartame affects the brain more Aspartame affects the brain more

than the heart.than the heart.

Used in Real LifeUsed in Real Life

To learn more about what we eat.To learn more about what we eat.

RecommendationsRecommendations

Learn more about how it affects Learn more about how it affects the heartthe heart

Make the project last longerMake the project last longer

AcknowledgeAcknowledge

My parentsMy parents J.T. and CoriJ.T. and Cori Mrs. PeffleyMrs. Peffley