the effects of fertilizer on oil biodegradation in soil with microbes over a two week period

8/19/2019 The Effects of Fertilizer on Oil Biodegradation in Soil with Microbes over a Two Week Period

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Sara Montgomery

Mr. Flaherty

BI 111 Lab 06

3 December 2014

The Effects of Fertilizer on Oil Biodegradation in Soil with Microbes over a Two Week

Period

Introduction

The breakdon o! "oll#tant$ need$ to be $t#d%ed %n order to get the en&%ronment to %t$

normal $tate. '%l $"%ll$ ha""en o!ten %n ocean$( one gallon o! $"%lled o%l can $"read o&er !o#r

acre$ o! ater )*eoS+I, 2013-. B%oremed%at%on %$ the nat#ral breakdon o! the contam%nant,

h%le b%odegradat%on %$ the breakdon o! contam%nant$ chem%cally.

In a "re&%o#$ e"er%ment cond#cted %n Iran, co and ch%cken man#re a$ #$ed %n the

b%oremed%at%on "roce$$ o! T*T contam%nated $o%l. The re$#lt$ $hoed the man#re had a large

"o$%t%&e %m"act on the rate o! the b%oremed%at%on "roce$$ )/aae%, bdol%, arba$$%, Bagh&and

hal%ladeh, 2010-. In another e"er%ment, m%crobe$ ere #$ed %n the b%odegradat%on o! a

contam%nant called #%nal"ho$. More than 50 o! #%nal"ho$ degraded %n 17 day$ hen

m%crobe$ ere "re$ent )a#r Dhan8al, a#r, S#d +ameotra, 2014-.

From the "re&%o#$ e"er%ment$ cond#cted, %t %$ knon the "re$ence !ert%l%er %ncrea$e$

the rate o! o%l b%oremed%at%on and m%crobe$ enhance b%odegradat%on. There!ore, the to conce"t$

ere m%ed to !%nd o#t %! !ert%l%er comb%ned %th o%l9eat%ng m%crobe$ hel"$ %th o%l breakdon.

The rate o! the o%l b%odegradat%on %$ %m"ortant %n the$e $t#d%e$ to !%nd the mo$t e!!%c%ent ay !or



the a""earance o! the o%l $l%ck changed %n a""earance ma8orly o&er the to eek "er%od. In both

&%al$, the o%l $l%ck a""eared to become l%ghter %n color.

!ial " !ial B

#a$ #escri%tion #escri%tion& Dark o%l $l%ck Dark o%l $l%ck

' Dark bron, $"read, o%ly Dark bron, o%ly

( >ery l%ght bron, not &ery o%ly, $"read L%ghter than day 3( more o%ly than , $"read o#t

)& L%ghter bron '%ly, l%ghter color

)* Same *ot o%ly, l%ghter color, le$$ l%#%d

F%g. 1. Tr%al 1 mea$#rement and "hy$%cal de$cr%"t%on o! the o%l $l%ck on $o%l %th m%crobe$ b#t no

!ert%l%er )>%al - and on $o%l %th m%crobe$ and !ert%l%er )>%al B- o&er to eek$.

!ial " !ial B

#a$ #escri%tion #escri%tion& '%l %$ %n one area %n the center( $and %$ com"letely

mo%$t

'%l %$ %n one area %n center( $and %$ com"letely

mo%$t

' Soaked %nto $and and l%ghter colored '%l %$ on to" o! l%#%d, not $oaked %nto $and, darker

%n center

( '%l %$ a b%t l%ghter( no change %n d%ameter '%l %$ m#ch l%ghter %n color

)& L%ghter color, b#t $ee"%ng to the bottom L%#%d look$ com"letely clear( o%l %$ &ery l%ght %n

color

)* >ery dry, $ame color a$ day 10 )no l%#%d- *o &%$%ble o%l( l%#%d %$ clear( "lenty o! l%#%d le!t



!ial " !ial B

#a$ #escri%tion #escri%tion

& +lear $and( $mall o%l $"ot %n center( th%n clear layer

on to"

+lear layer on to"( $mall dark o%l $"ot %n m%ddle

' Small o%l $"ot %n m%ddle( !e o%l $"ot$ thro#gho#t(

$and clear( l%#%d on to"

+lear layer, clear $and( o%l $"read toard edge$

( '%l $"read( co&er%ng hal! o! the $and( dr%ed #"(

$and $t%ll clear on one hal!

Dr%ed( o%l $"read co&er%ng ma8or%ty o! "lot( $and

ha$ bron $hade %n color

)& '%l %$ $t%ll %n $ame area( l%ghtened %n color( l%#%d

$t%ll on to"

'%l ha$ $"read o&er almo$t e&eryth%ng, b#t ha$

l%ghtened $ome( l%#%d $t%ll on to"

)* '%l almo$t gone( color &ery l%ght( $t%ll mo%$t '%l %$ $ettled on to" o! the !ert%l%er( darker aro#nd

the edge$( l%ght toard %n$%de

F%g. 3. Tr%al 3 mea$#rement and "hy$%cal de$cr%"t%on o! the o%l $l%ck on $o%l %th m%crobe$ b#t no!ert%l%er )>%al - and on $o%l %th m%crobe$ and !ert%l%er )>%al B- o&er to eek$.



!ial " !ial B

#a$ #escri%tion #escri%tion

& =h%te $and %th th%n l%#%d layer on to"( bron

c%rcle %n m%ddle

=h%te $and %th th%n layer o! l%#%d( yello

!ert%l%er "art%cle$ $%tt%ng on to" %th a bron

c%rcle %n m%ddle

' '%l d%d not mo&e, b#t $e"arated %nto 2 $mall c%rcle$

o! o%l( lot$ o! h%te $and &%$%ble aro#nd dark o%l$"ot$ $loly dry%ng

'%l $"read to a %der d%ameter( $t%ll bron c%rcle

%n m%ddle o! $ol#te( yello !ert%l%er on to" o!$ol#te $tart%ng to dry

( '%l $"read to a m#ch %der d%ameter( h%te $and

$t%ll &%$%ble, b#t dry and $l%ght o%l r%ng aro#nd $and

Dr%ed o#t( yello !ert%l%er on to"( o%l ha$ $"read

thro#gho#t ent%re $ol#te

)& '%l $"read thro#gho#t ent%re "etr% d%$h( $and %$ a

yello bron color( $and k%nd o! ab$orbed o%l

'%l d%$"er$ed thro#gho#t "etr% d%$h( o%l %$ $"read

and $and %$ bron( yello !ert%l%er on to"

)* Same '%l d%$"er$ed thro#gho#t "etr% d%$h( bron l%#%d

on $and( yello !ert%l%er $%tt%ng on to"



In order to $ee the %m"act !ert%l%er comb%ned %th m%crobe$ ha$ on the b%odegradat%on o!

o%l, the area$ o! the o%l $l%ck thro#gho#t the b%odegradat%on "roce$$ had to be com"ared )F%g. ?-.

The $tandard de&%at%on o! >%al !rom the $am"le $%e o! 4 a$ 424.3 mm2 h%le >%al B a$

362.5 mm2. The o%l $l%ck area !or all o! >%al ranged at @70.2 mm2 and >%al B at 513.2 mm2. The

"9&al#e %$ 0.0?.

0200400600800

100012001400160018002000

Average Area (mm)

F%g. ?.

The a&erage area o! the o%l %th

m%crobe$ b#t no !ert%l%er )l%ght color- and o!the o%l %th m%crobe$ and !ert%l%er )dark

color- %n all !o#r tr%al$. The a&erage o! each

tr%al a$ calc#lated !rom the to eek t%me$"an.

#iscussion



The $"read o! the o%l $l%ck $ho$ that the o%l "art%cle$ ere not a$ com"act a$ be!ore. The

l%ghter %n color o! the o%l $l%ck $ho$ that the "art%cle$ o! o%l are break%ng #". =%th only m%crobe$

#$ed %n the b%odegradat%on "roce$$, the breakdon o! o%l occ#rred a$ $#""orted %n the

Persistence and Biodegradation of Quinalphos Using Soil Microbes e"er%ment )a#r Dhan8al,

*. I., et al., 2014-. The re$#lt$ $hoed that the breakdon o! o%l occ#rred, b#t the breakdon

"roce$$ a$ #%cker hen !ert%l%er a$ "re$ent a$ e"ected thro#gh the !%nd%ng$ %n the

Bioremediation of TNT Contaminated Soil by Composting with Municipal Solid Wastes

e"er%ment )/eae%, M. /., et al., 2010-. t9te$t a$ ran and %th a "9&al#e o! 0.0? th%$ $ho$

that the hy"othe$%$ a$ $#""orted by the re$#lt$. The o&erall re$#lt$ alloed #$ to $#""ort the

%dea that the comb%nat%on o! m%crobe$ and !ert%l%er hel"$ %th the "roce$$ o! b%odegradat%on o!

o%l.

F#rther %n&e$t%gat%on$ may be carr%ed o#t !rom th%$ e"er%ment. The "er%od o! t%me co#ld

be longer to $ee the e!!ect$ o! the !ert%l%er9m%crobe comb%nat%on on the breakdon o! o%l. The

more t%me may ha&e a large e!!ect on the b%oremed%at%on and b%odegradat%on "roce$$.

the effects of fertilizer on oil biodegradation in soil with microbes over a two week period

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