the effects of urban land use on stream temperatures
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The effects of urban land use on stream temperatures. Angela Perez-Toro, Delyn Martinez, Evan Portier , Jennifer Daugherty, Jian Ang and Kendyl Crawford. Natural causes of stream temperature rising. Air temperatures - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The effects of urban land use on stream temperatures
Angela Perez-Toro, Delyn Martinez, Evan Portier, Angela Perez-Toro, Delyn Martinez, Evan Portier,
Jennifer Daugherty, Jian Ang andJennifer Daugherty, Jian Ang andKendyl CrawfordKendyl Crawford
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Natural causes of stream temperature rising
• Air temperatures •Physical aspects of a stream (location, i.e. glacier, lake, spring, wetland, etc.)
•Physical characteristics (shading shoreline, depth)
•Watershed Elevation & Tributaries (mix velocity)
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Various impacts on watersheds
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Temperatures are changing in stream and rivers in the U.S.
•Annual mean increased by 0.009-0.077°C
•More rapid in, but not confined to, urbanizing areas.
•Typically correlated with increases in air temperatures, which could be caused by global warming and urbanization.
(Source: Sujay S Kaushal, Gene E Likens, Norbert A Jaworski, Michael L Pace, Ashley M Sides, David Seekell, Kenneth T Belt, David H Secor, and Rebecca L Wingate)
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Causes of stream temperature rising
• Streamside trees are usually removed.
• Drainage from hot paved surfaces increase stream temperatures.
• Exposed irrigation channels are also another source of heat.
• Shading of streams by vegetation can reduce stream temperatures by as much as 10°C.
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Streams in urban landscape expected to be higher in temperatures
Forested Landscape Urban Landscape
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Hogue Creek
Flat Lick Branch above Frog
Branch
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Elevation and temperature are not correlated
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The effects of rising water temperatures
• Could have important effects on eutrophication, ecosystem processes, contaminant toxicity and loss of aquatic biodiversity.
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Why do we care?• Increased water temperatures = decreased
dissolved oxygen.• Some species of fish have high oxygen
demands, such as trout & salmon.
• Temperature also influences the rate of photosynthesis by algae.
• Increases metabolic rate (fish) = need more food and release more waste.
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• Recreational fishing• Commercial fishing• Crabbing• Oystering• Clamming
Potomac River uses
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Mitigation can decrease negative human impact
•Pavement coloration
•Storm water treatment ponds
•Streamside buffers
Shading
•Green infrastructure planning
Pervious surfaces
Pipe materials
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Socioeconomic factors
•Improve air quality
•Increased fishery yield
•Enhance appearance of a community
•Increased property values
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Recap of experience
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•http://www.bluecrab.info/forum/index.php?topic=28253.0
•http://www.waterencyclopedia.com
•http://files.dep.state.pa.us/Water/Watershed%20Management/lib/watershedmgmt/state_water_plan/regional_committees/potomac/may08/potomacregion-31-45.pdf
•www.esajournals.org/joi.abs/10.1890/090037
Sources
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Questions???