the electricity technology transformation
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The Electricity Technology Transformation. Barbara Tyran Director, Washington Relations Center for Energy Workforce Development October 9, 2009. Our Mission…. To conduct research on key issues facing the electricity sector…on behalf of its members, energy stakeholders, and society. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Electricity Technology Transformation
Barbara Tyran
Director, Washington Relations
Center for Energy Workforce Development
October 9, 2009
2© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Our Mission…
To conduct research onkey issues facing the
electricity sector…on behalf of its members, energy
stakeholders, and society.
3© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Our Members…
• 450+ participants in more than 40 countries
• EPRI members generate more than 90% of the electricity in the United States
• International funding of more than 15% of EPRI’s research, development and demonstrations
• Programs funded by more than 1,000 energy organizations
4© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
BasicBasicResearchResearch
andandDevelopmentDevelopment
TechnologyTechnologyCommercializationCommercialization
CollaborativeCollaborativeTechnologyTechnology
DevelopmentDevelopmentIntegrationIntegrationApplicationApplication
National Laboratories
Universities
Suppliers
Vendors
EPRI
Help Move Technologies to the Commercialization Stage…
Our Role…
Technology Accelerator!
5© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Presentation Overview
The Technology ChallengeDe-carbonize the electricity infrastructure and meet binding economy-wide CO2 reduction targets
Provide reliable, affordable, and environmentally responsible electricity
6© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Wh
ole
sale
Ele
ctri
cit
y C
os
t (2
007
cen
ts/k
Wh
)
Emissions Intensity (metric tons CO2 /MWh)
Cost
of
Ele
ctr
icit
y
De-Carbonization
2020
2050
The Technology Challenge
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
0.000.100.200.300.400.500.600.70
2007
7© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Presentation Overview
The Technology Challenge
Meeting The Challenge
Decisions Over the Next Decade will
Shape the Electricity Future of 2050
De-carbonize the electricity infrastructure and meet binding economy-wide CO2 reduction targets
Provide reliable, affordable, and environmentally responsible electricity
Technically feasible with a full portfolio of generation options
8© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
The CO2 ChallengeB
illio
n t
on
s C
O2
Historical Emissions
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
U.S. Electric Sector
Remainder of U.S.
Economy
83% Reduction in CO2
emissions from 2005
Assumed Economy-wide CO2 Reduction Target
2005 = 5982 mmT CO2
2012 = 3% below 2005 (5803 mmT CO2)
2020 = 17% below 2005 (4965 mmT CO2)
2030 = 42% below 2005 (3470 mmT CO2)
2050 = 83% below 2005 (1017 mmT CO2)
9© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Cen
ts/k
Wh
(in
200
7 ce
nts
)The Cost Challenge
Flat real electricity prices for past 40 years… what about the next 40 years?
U.S. Retail Price of Electricity
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Technology Challenge
Meeting the Challenge
The Electricity Technology Challenge
11© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
U.S
. E
lect
ric
Sec
tor
CO
2 E
mis
sio
ns
(mil
lio
n m
etri
c to
ns)
2007
2008
2009
U. S. Electric Sector CO2 Emissions
EIA Base Case
12© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2009 Prism
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
U.S
. E
lect
ric
Sec
tor
CO
2 E
mis
sio
ns
(mil
lio
n m
etri
c to
ns)
Efficiency
Renewables
Nuclear
41% reduction in 2030 from 2005 level is technically feasible using a full portfolio of electric sector
technologies
41%CCS
Fossil Efficiency
Technology EIA Base Case EPRI Prism Target
Efficiency Load Growth ~ +0.95%/yr
8% Additional Consumption Reduction by 2030
T&D Efficiency None 20% Reduction in T&D Losses by 2030
Renewables
60 GWe by 2030 135 GWe by 2030 (15% of generation)
Nuclear12.5 GWe New Build by 2030
No Retirements; 10 GWe New Build by 2020; 64 GWe New Build by 2030
FossilEfficiency
40% New Coal,
54% New NGCCs by
2030
+3% Efficiency for 75 GWe Existing Fleet
49% New Coal; 70% New NGCCs by 2030
CCS None90% Capture for New Coal + NGCC
After 2020Retrofits for 60 GWe Existing Fleet
13© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2009 Prism – PEV and Electro-Technologies
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
U.S
. E
lect
ric
Sec
tor
CO
2 E
mis
sio
ns
(mil
lio
n m
etri
c to
ns)
Efficiency
Renewables
Nuclear
CCS
Fossil Efficiency
Technology EIA AEO Base Case EPRI Prism Target
Electric Transportatio
nNone
PHEVs by 201040% New Vehicle Share by 2025
3x Current Non-Road Use by 2030
Electro-technologies None Replace ~4.5% Direct Fossil Use
by 2030
Low-carbon generation enables electrification and CO2 reductions in other
sectors of economy
Electro-Technologies
PEV
14© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Generation by Fuel Source in 2030
EIA 20304669 TWh
Prism 20304888 TWh
Prism 60% no- or low-carbon electricity by 2030
Coal
CoalNuclear
Nuclear
GasGas
Renw
Renw
C+CCS
50%
17%
19%
6%
7%
1%
Coal
Coal CCS
Petroleum
Gas
Gas CCS
Nuclear
Hydro
Renewables
28%
10%
11%2%
28%
6%
15%
What if we LIMIT the Generation PORTFOLIO?
What if we LIMIT the Generation PORTFOLIO?
15© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Technology Portfolios
Full Portfolio
Coal and Gas CCS available
Accelerated end-use efficiency
PEV’s can expand
Nuclear production can expand
Full Portfolio
Coal and Gas CCS available
Accelerated end-use efficiency
PEV’s can expand
Nuclear production can expand
Limited PortfolioNo CO2 capture and storage (CCS)
No plug-in electric vehicles (PEV’s)
Nuclear generation remains at existing levels
Limited PortfolioNo CO2 capture and storage (CCS)
No plug-in electric vehicles (PEV’s)
Nuclear generation remains at existing levels
16© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
MERGE Economic Model
Optimization Model of Economic Activity and Energy Use through 2050 – Maximize Economic Wealth
Inputs– Energy Supply Technologies and Costs
for Electric Generation and Non-Electric Energy
Constraints– Greenhouse Gas Control Scenarios– Energy Resources
Outputs– Economy-wide Impact of Technology and
Carbon Constraints
17© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Tri
llio
n k
Wh
pe
r y
ea
r
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Tri
llio
n k
Wh
pe
r y
ea
rMERGE U.S. Electric Generation Mix
Limited Portfolio
Full Portfolio
Coal
Gas
Wind
Demand Reduction
New Coal + CCSCoal
Gas
WindNuclear
Demand Reduction
Nuclear
Solar
Biomass
Hydro
CCS Retrofit
Biomass
Hydro
Generation Mix Generation Mix
Aggressive Energy Efficiency Needed with Either Portfolio
52% Increase in Demand Reduction with Limited Portfolio
18© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Tri
llio
n k
Wh
pe
r y
ea
r
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Tri
llio
n k
Wh
pe
r y
ea
rMERGE U.S. Electric Generation Mix
Limited Portfolio
Full Portfolio
Coal
Gas
Wind
Demand Reduction
New Coal + CCSCoal
Gas
WindNuclear
Demand Reduction
Nuclear
Solar
Biomass
Hydro
CCS Retrofit
Biomass
Hydro
19© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Tri
llio
n k
Wh
pe
r y
ea
r
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Tri
llio
n k
Wh
pe
r y
ea
r
Insights - Renewables
Limited Portfolio
Full Portfolio
Coal
Gas
Wind
Demand Reduction
New Coal + CCSCoal
Gas
WindNuclear
Demand Reduction
Nuclear
Solar
Biomass
Hydro
CCS Retrofit
Biomass
Hydro
> 20% Renewables by 2030 with Either Portfolio
> 50% Renewables by 2050 with Limited Portfolio
20© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Tri
llio
n k
Wh
pe
r y
ea
r
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Tri
llio
n k
Wh
pe
r y
ea
r
Insights – Nuclear and CCS
Limited Portfolio
Full Portfolio
Coal
Gas
Wind
Demand Reduction
New Coal + CCSCoal
Gas
WindNuclear
Demand Reduction
Nuclear
Solar
Biomass
Hydro
CCS Retrofit
Biomass
Hydro
Gas Expands Rapidly 2010-2020 if Uncertainty Exists
Regarding Availability of New Nuclear and CCS post 2020
Limited Portfolio – Gas Consumption Increases 275% from 2010 to 2050
21© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Wind
Biomass
Nuclear
Gas
Hydro
Coal CCSRetrofit
Wind
Biomass
Nuclear
Gas
Coal
Hydro
Coal + CCS
Limited Portfolio Full Portfolio
Remarkably different futures…and only 20 years away!
2030 Generation Mix
22© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Wind
Biomass
Nuclear
Gas
Hydro
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Nuclear
Gas
Hydro
Coal + CCS
Limited Portfolio Full Portfolio
Totally different futures in 2050
2050 Generation Mix
23© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
MERGE Wholesale Electricity Cost Results
2007 U.S. Average Wholesale Electricity Cost
Limited Portfolio
Full Portfolio
$/M
wh
(20
07$
)
2020 2030 2040 2050
Limited Portfolio
Full Portfolio
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$160
$180
$200
$220
210%
80%
2007 U.S. Average Wholesale Electricity Cost
Substantial increases in the cost of electricity
2050
24© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Wh
ole
sale
Ele
ctri
cit
y C
os
t (2
007
cen
ts/k
Wh
)
Emissions Intensity (metric tons CO2 /MWh)
Cost
of
Ele
ctr
icit
y
De-Carbonization
2020
2050
MERGE De-carbonization Results
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
0.000.100.200.300.400.500.600.70
2007
MERGE Projections 2020-2050
2020 2030
2040
205020202030
2040
2050
Limited Portfolio
Full Portfolio
25© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Limited Portfolio
Full Portfolio
Wh
ole
sale
Ele
ctri
cit
y C
os
t (2
007
cen
ts/k
Wh
)
Emissions Intensity (metric tons CO2 /MWh)
Cost
of
Ele
ctr
icit
y
De-Carbonization
20202030
2040
20502020
2030
2040
2050
MERGE De-carbonization Results
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
0.000.100.200.300.400.500.600.70
2007
MERGE Projections 2020-2050
2020 2030
2040
205020202030
2040
2050
Limited Portfolio
Full Portfolio
High Cost to meet 2050 Reduction Target with >80% Generation Mix
Gas and Renewables
26© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Technology Challenge
Meeting the Challenge
The Electricity Technology Challenge
27© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Meeting the Challenge
2007 U.S. Average Wholesale Electricity Cost
Limited Portfolio
Full Portfolio
$/M
wh
(20
07$
)
2020 2030 2040 2050
2007 U.S. Average Wholesale Electricity Cost
Limited Portfolio
Full Portfolio
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$160
$180
$200
$220
Technology Actions Based on Meeting the Prism Technology Targets
Technology Innovation to De-carbonize While Achieving a Cost of Electricity Near
Today’s Level
RD&D and Deployment Challenge
Innovation Challenge
28© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Power Delivery & Utilization: energy demand is increasing…
• 2008 Annual Energy Outlook -
– 30% increase in U.S. electricity consumption by 2030.
– New load equivalent to 2006 electricity usage in California, Texas, Florida, Ohio and Pennsylvaniacombined!
29© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Bringing it home…Consumer Electronics
PLASMA TV SET TOP BOX
42”250W
30Wvs.
27”100W
Consumes 2.5x more energy
30W
==
2 set top boxes consume as much energy in one year as a
refrigerator
30© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Bringing the picture into focus…
Digital Photo Frames1 per U.S. home…
250 MW Power Plants*
*250 MW plant can serve 160,000 full homes
31© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
EPRI’s Living LaboratoryRecently Featured in TIME
32© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Smart Grid
• We are in the infancy in developing a smart grid
• Smart grid can mean different things to different utilities
• No standards for inclusive technologies
• Smart capabilities vary from utility to utility
State of the technology…
33© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Smart Grid
• Smart power delivery infrastructure encompassing physical power, storage, advanced information technology and intelligent sensors and applications
• Numerous impacts
– Reliable grid operations when connecting to renewable resources
– Dynamic grid adjustment to reduce losses and increase efficiency
– On-line assessment to minimize reliability events
Where we want to be…
34© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Identifying a smart grid and how to create it…• Methodology, technology tools, and standards recommendations
• Information systems to support smart grid
applications
• Unbiased testing of technologies and products
• Development of communications architecture that will enable interoperability
IntelliGrid
35© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
EfficientBuildingSystems
UtilityCommunications
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement
DistributionOperations
DistributedGeneration& Storage
Plug-In Hybrids
SmartEnd-UseDevices
AdvancedMetering
Consumer Portal& Building EMS
Internet Renewables
PV
Smart Grids and Local Energy Networks
ControlInterface
36© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
EfficientBuildingSystems
UtilityCommunications
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement
DistributionOperations
DistributedGeneration& Storage
Plug-In Hybrids
SmartEnd-UseDevices
AdvancedMetering
Consumer Portal& Building EMS
Internet Renewables
PV
Smart Grids and Local Energy Networks
ControlInterface
37© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Electric Transportation
EfficientBuildingSystems
UtilityCommunications
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement
DistributionOperations
DistributedGeneration& Storage
Plug-In Hybrids
SmartEnd-UseDevices
ControlInterface
AdvancedMetering
Consumer Portal& Building EMS
Internet Renewables
PV
• PHEV technology is ready now
• Hybrids remain dependent on combustible fuels
• Existing challenges remain for fully electric vehicles
• All electric PHEV 40 mile range could meet the transportation requirements for 80% of vehicles
• Widespread adoption of PHEVs can reduce GHG emissions by 2050 the equivalent to removing 82.5 million passenger cars from the road
State of the technology…
38© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Action Framework… Four Evolving Infrastructures
Creating the Electricity Network of the Future
39© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Limited Portfolio
Full Portfolio
Wh
ole
sale
Ele
ctri
cit
y C
os
t (2
007
cen
ts/k
Wh
)
Emissions Intensity (metric tons CO2 /MWh)
Cost
of
Ele
ctr
icit
y
De-Carbonization
20202030
2040
20502020
2030
2040
2050
Conclusion
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
0.000.100.200.300.400.500.600.70
2007
MERGE Projections 2020-2050
2020 2030
2040
205020202030
2040
2050
Limited Portfolio
Full Portfolio
Electricity policy and technology actions over the next decade will to a great extent
shape the electricity future of 2050
Which Future Are You Creating?
40© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.Image from Image from NASA Visible EarthNASA Visible Earth