the electromagnetic spectrum. most waves are either longitudinal or transverse. sound waves are...
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Most waves are either longitudinal or transverse.
Sound waves are longitudinal.But all electromagnetic waves are
transverse…
Waves… a review
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What is the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS)?
• Different kinds of radiation, which is just energy that travels and spreads out as it goes.
• Produced by the movement of electrically charged particles
• Can travel in a “vacuum” (they do NOT need a medium
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– visible light
– radio waves
– microwaves
– infrared rays
– ultraviolet rays
– x-rays
– gamma rays
What does theelectromagnetic spectrum (EMS)
encompass?
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These are the
different types of radiation
in the EMS.
• longest wavelength
• lowest frequency
• lowest energy
• shortest wavelength
• highest frequency
• highest energy
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Wavelength and FrequencyWavelengthWavelength = Physical = Physical sizesize of wave of wave
FrequencyFrequency = = NumberNumber of waves in a given period of waves in a given period
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Wavelength & FrequencyThe The shortershorter the wavelength… the wavelength…
……the the higherhigher the frequency. the frequency.
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EMS Wavelength
…from shortest to longest
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Long wavelength…low frequency
Short wavelength…high frequency
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Energy (from highest to lowest)
shorter wavelengths & higher frequency = more energy
decreasing wavelength increasing
increasing frequency decreasing
increasing ENERGY decreasing
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Approximate sizes of electromagnetic waves
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This shows both the size of a wavelength and
possible sources of the radiation.
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Parts of Electromagnetic Spectrum
Try:RabbitsMeetInVeryUnusualeXpensiveGardens
meaning:RadioMicrowavesInfra-RedVisible lightUltra-violetX-raysGamma rays
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Radio waves - Have the longest wavelength and the lowest frequency in the EMS.
- They emit the least energy.Uses:*TV broadcasting*AM and FM broadcast radio*Avalanche beacons *Heart rate monitors*Cell phone signals
RADIO WAVES
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Microwaves are shorter waves with more energy.Uses:* Microwave ovens* Bluetooth headsets* Broadband Wireless Internet* Radar* GPS
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Infrared radiation- makes our skin feel warm. Uses:* Night vision goggles* Remote controls* Heat-seeking missiles
Visible light - is the only part ofthe spectrum that our eyes can see.
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Visible light is a very small part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Colors of Visible Light(from least energy to most energy)
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo VioletLowest HighestFrequency Frequency
ROY G. BIVROY G. BIV
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Ultra-violet rays - Rays from the sun can burn our skin. The ozone layer helps protect us from UV rays.
Uses:* Black lights* Sterilizing medical equipment* Water disinfection* Security images on money
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Ultra-Violet Rays
UVA UVB and UVC
Energy Highest of UV waves
Lower than UVA
Health risks
Extremely low risk for DNA damage Can destroy Vitamin A in skin
Can cause DNA damage, leading to skin cancer Responsible for sunburn
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X-rays
- are high-energy radiation that can penetrate soft tissue.
Uses:* Medical imaging* Airport security* Inspecting industrial welds
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Gamma rays - have the shortest wavelength, the highest frequency, and radiate the most energy. Radioactive materials emit gamma rays as do stars. Uses – * Food irradiation (Controlling Spoilage)
* Cancer treatment (Can cause mutations in cells)
* Sterilizing medical equipment
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Wavelength & Frequency• In remote sensing, we sense and sample
energy at different wavelengths and frequencies.
• These different frequencies tell us different things about the object being sensed.
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Although our eyes can directly Although our eyes can directly perceive only a small portion of the perceive only a small portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum...electromagnetic spectrum...
……we can gather more information by we can gather more information by using other portions of the EMSusing other portions of the EMS
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This chart shows how well various frequencies penetrate the atmosphere.
As expected, visible light penetrates the easiest.
Visible Light
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.
Infrared
Notice that the infrared band is very broad. This allows a wide choice of remote sensing frequencies each of which is
useful for a specific purpose.
Visible Light
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Energy that strikes the Earth’s surface can be…
…or all three.
ENERGYReflected
Absorbed
Transmitted
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Energy Interaction
Different surfaces also Different surfaces also reflect energy differently.reflect energy differently.