the element song atoms

The Element Song

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flash/elements.html

Atoms0Matterisanythingthattakesupspaceandhasmass.Allmatterismadeofatoms.

0Atomsarethebasicbuildingblocksofmatter.Theymakeupeverythingaroundus;Yourdesk,theboard,

yourbody,everythingismadeofatoms!

0Atomsaretoosmalltoseewithoutpowerfulmicroscopes.

Atomic StructureTherearetwobasiccomponentsineveryatom:

ElectronCloud

Nucleus

Subatomic ParticlesThreesubatomicparticlesmakeupeveryatom:

SubatomicParticle Charge Location

Proton Positive(+) Nucleusor“Core”

Neutron NoCharge(0) Nucleusor“Core”

Electron Negative(-) ElectronCloud

Subatomic ParticlesElectronCloud:

• Electronsorbitthe

nucleus.

Nucleusor“Core”:

• ProtonsandNeutrons

arefoundinthe

nucleus.

AtomicTheoryChanges over time…

Atomic Theory0Becausewecannotseeatoms,weusemodelstoteachandlearnaboutatoms.

0Theatomictheoryhaschangedovertimeasnewtechnologieshavebecomeavailable.

0 Remember:Scientificknowledgebuildsonpastresearchandexperimentation.

Democritus

■ 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom

■ He pounded materials until he made them into smaller and smaller parts

■ He called them atoma which is Greek for “indivisible”.

http://s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/1765183/democritus.png?1316996277

Democritus

■His Theory: All atoms: ■ Are small hard particles

■ Are made of a single material formed into different shapes and sizes

■ Are always moving, and they form different materials by joining together

Atomic Theory Timeline Scientist Information Model

John

Dalton

Allmatterismadeofatoms.

Atomsaretoosmalltosee,

indivisibleand

indestructible.Allatomsofa

givenelementareidentical.

John Dalton

■ 1803 - British chemist; elements combine in specific proportions to form compounds

SolidSphereModelorBowlingBallModel

ProposedbyJohnDalton

http://a5.files.biography.com/image/upload/c_fit,cs_srgb,dpr_1.0,h_1200,q_80,w_1200/MTE1ODA0OTcxNTk5OTU1NDY5.jpg

John Dalton■ His Theory: ▪ All substances are made of atoms that cannot

be created, divided, or destroyed.

▪ Atoms join with other atoms to make new substances.

▪ Atoms of the same element are exactly alike, and atoms of different elements are different in mass and size.

Dimitri Mendeleev (Men-da-lay-ev)

■ In 1869 Russian chemist Dimitri Mendeleev started the development of the periodic table, arranging chemical elements by atomic mass. He predicted the discovery of other elements, and left spaces open in his periodic table for them.

http://a5.files.biography.com/image/upload/c_fit,cs_srgb,dpr_1.0,h_1200,q_80,w_1200/MTE5NTU2MzE2MzEzMDYwODc1.jpg

Scientist Information Model

J.J.Thompson

Discoveredthenegative

electron,andpredictedthat

therealsomustbeapositive

particletoholdthe

electronsinplace.

Atomic Theory Timeline

J.J. Thomson

■ 1897 - English chemist and physicist; discovered 1st subatomic particles

PlumPuddingModelorRaisinBunModel

ProposedbyJ.J.Thomson

https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/85/101085-004-E1192912.jpg

J.J. Thomson

■His Theory: ■ Atoms contain negatively charged particles

called electrons and positively charged matter.

■ Created a model to describe the atom as a sphere filled with positive matter with negative particles mixed in

■ Referred to it as the plum pudding model


Ernest

Rutherford

Discoveredthenucleusofanatom

andnamedthepositiveparticlesin

thenucleus“protons”.Concludedthat

electronsarescatteredinempty

spacearoundthenucleus.

Atomic Theory Timeline Ernest Rutherford

■ 1912 - New Zealand physicist discovered the nucleus

NuclearModel ProposedbyErnest

Rutherford

https://historyoftheatom.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/ernest-rutherford.jpg

Ernest Rutherford

■His Theory: ▪ Small, dense, positively charged particle

present in nucleus called a proton

▪ Electrons travel around the nucleus, but their exact places cannot be described.

▪ Conducted the Gold Foil Experiment

https://sakai.ithaca.edu/access/content/user/jkleingardner/principles%20html%20slides/img/ch1/GoldFoil.jpg



Neils

Bohr

Concludedthatelectronsare

locatedinplanet-likeorbits

aroundthenucleusincertain

energylevels.

Niels Bohr

■ 1913 - Danish physicist; discovered energy levels

BohrModelorPlanetaryModel ProposedbyNielsBohr

http://www.azquotes.com/picture-quotes/quote-a-physicist-is-just-an-atom-s-way-of-looking-at-itself-niels-bohr-3-7-0770.jpg

Niels Bohr

■His Theory: ▪ Electrons travel around the nucleus in definite

paths and fixed distances.

▪ Electrons can jump from one level to a path in another level.

Erwin Shrodinger

■ 1924 - Austrian physicist; developed the electron cloud model

ElectronCloudModel

ProposedbyErwinSchrodinger

Erwin Shrodinger

■His Theory: ▪ The exact path of electrons cannot be

predicted.

▪ The region referred to as the electron cloud, is an area where electrons can likely be found.


James

Chadwick

Discoveredthatneutronswerealso

locatedinthenucleusofanatomsand

thattheycontainnocharge.


Neutrons

James Chadwick

■ 1932 - English physicist; discovered neutrons

■ His Theory: ▪ Neutrons have no electrical charge. ▪ Neutrons have a mass nearly equal to the

mass of a proton. ▪ Unit of measurement for subatomic particles

is the atomic mass unit (amu).http://chadwicksphysics.weebly.com/uploads/1/7/3/4/17347989/3729228_orig.jpg

Scientist Information Model(ManyScientists!)

TheModernAtomicTheory

Electronsdonotorbitthe

nucleusinneatplanet-like

orbitsbutmoveathigh

speedsinanelectroncloud

aroundthenucleus.

Modern Theory of the Atom

■ Atoms are composed of three main subatomic particles: the electron, proton, and neutron.

■ Most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus of the atom.


■ The protons and neutrons are located within the nucleus, while the electrons exist outside of the nucleus.

■ In stable atoms, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.


■ The type of atom is determined by the number of protons it has.

■ The number of protons in an atom is equal to the atomic number.


■ The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in a particular atom is called the atomic mass.

■ Valence electrons are the outermost electrons.

Atom

electron

Proton

Neutron

www.thinkgeek.com/images/products/additional/large/periodic_magents_close.jpg

Atom

Electrons Protons

Neutrons

Nucleus

Electron clouds

Atomic Number = number of protons

Atomic Weight = number of protons + number of neutrons

Protons = Number of electrons

//village.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/lv/hswest/hp.nsf/Files/potassium6/$File/atomic+number.bmp

K39.0938

19

Atomic Weight = number of protons + number of neutrons

39.0938 = 19 + neutrons-19 -1920.0938 neutrons

There cannot be 0.0928 of a neutron, so this number is rounded to 20 neutrons.

Potassium

H

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen

Alkaline Earth Metals

Transition Metals

Halogens

Noble Gases

Inner Transition Metals

by Daniel R. Barnes, init: 11/03/2005

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5x7EOiQ1y0

H

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen


Transition Metals

Halogens

Noble Gases


Li

Na

K

Rb

Cs

Fr

Be

Mg

Ca

Sr

Ba

Ra

F

Cl

Br

I

At

He

Ne

Ar

Kr

Xe

Rn

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFQPnHkQlZM


H

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen


Transition Metals

Halogens

Noble Gases


Li

Na

K

Rb

Cs

Fr

Be

Mg

Ca

Sr

Ba

Ra

F

Cl

Br

I

At

He

Ne

Ar

Kr

Xe

RnMETALS

NONM

ETALS

metalloids


H

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen


Transition Metals

Halogens

Noble Gases


Li

Na

K

Rb

Cs

Fr

Be

Mg

Ca

Sr

Ba

Ra

F

Cl

Br

I

At

He

Ne

Ar

Kr

Xe

Rn

B

Si

Ge As

Sb Te

Metalloids = Semimetals (These words may mean something slightly different from each other.)


Metals

• Metals are lustrous (shiny), malleable, ductile, and are good conductors of heat and electricity.

• They are mostly solids at room temp.

• What is one exception?

Nonmetals

• Nonmetals are the opposite.

• They are dull, brittle, nonconductors (insulators).

• Some are solid, but many are gases, and Bromine is a liquid.

Metalloids• Metalloids, aka semi-metals

are just that. • They have characteristics of

both metals and nonmetals. • They are shiny but brittle. • And they are semiconductors. • What is our most important

semiconductor?

Adapted by J. Phillips Written by Liz Rosawww.middleschoolscience.com 2008

All images are from www.Chem4kids.com

•Each row is called a “period”

•The elements in each period have the same number of shells

www.chem4kids.com

•Each column is called a “group”

•Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”.

Except for He, it has 2 electrons

•The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons”

www.chem4kids.com

•Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons.

•This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry.

www.chem4kids.com

www.chem4kids.com www.chem4kids.com

• Helium is the exception in Group 8.

• Since it has just one shell, that shell can only fit 2 electrons instead of 8.

• It is in this group because all the elements have a full outer shell.

Havea great

day!http://il8.picdn.net/shutterstock/videos/14605225/thumb/2.jpg

the element song atoms

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