the emergence of civilizations (@ 4000-3000 bce)
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The Emergence of civilizations (@ 4000-3000 BCE). EARLY RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS. Origins. Why Mesopotamia? Fertile Crescent/Tigris/Euphrates (pg 30) Where? Modern day Kuwait and Iraq. Who were first to arrive? Sumerians Disadvantages: unpredictable flooding (unlike Egypt) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Emergence of The Emergence of civilizations civilizations
(@ 4000-3000 BCE)(@ 4000-3000 BCE)
EARLY RIVER EARLY RIVER VALLEY VALLEY
CIVILIZATIONSCIVILIZATIONS
OriginsOrigins• Why Mesopotamia?Why Mesopotamia?• Fertile Crescent/Tigris/Euphrates (pg 30)Fertile Crescent/Tigris/Euphrates (pg 30)• Where? Modern day Kuwait and Iraq.Where? Modern day Kuwait and Iraq.• Who were first to arrive? SumeriansWho were first to arrive? Sumerians
Disadvantages: Disadvantages:
1.1.unpredictable flooding (unlike Egypt)unpredictable flooding (unlike Egypt)
2.2.No natural protectionNo natural protection
3.3.Limited natural resourcesLimited natural resources• How where these problems solved?How where these problems solved?• City-statesCity-states
The Standard of UrThe Standard of Ur
Clearly defined social classes Clearly defined social classes
Emergence of organized formalized Emergence of organized formalized religionsreligions
SUMER (p. 29-33)SUMER (p. 29-33)• Cuneiform- knife carves wedges into a tabletCuneiform- knife carves wedges into a tablet• Scribes worked with over 580 letters. Few could use Scribes worked with over 580 letters. Few could use
cuneiformcuneiform• Epic of GilgameshEpic of Gilgamesh• Cultural diffusionCultural diffusion• ZigguratsZiggurats• Conquered by Sargon and the AkkadiansConquered by Sargon and the Akkadians• World’s first________.World’s first________.
cuneiform cuneiform writing writing
Sumerian farmers plowingSumerian farmers plowing
Bronze Age tools and Bronze Age tools and weaponsweapons
sailboatsailboat
limestone bowls Urlimestone bowls Ur
Sumerian statues of Gods and Goddesses
Standard of Ur Standard of Ur
Scenes of PeaceScenes of Peace
Scenes of warScenes of war
Sumerian necklace Sumerian necklace
Sumerian Bull's Head,
Lyre from Tomb of
Paubi, c. 2600 B.C.
Early Sumerian writing—pictographs
Later Sumerian writing—represent sounds down from 3000 to 300
The Behistun Rock: the key to deciphering cuneiform
BABYLON (p.33)BABYLON (p.33)• Amorites invade Mesopotamia around 2000 BCAmorites invade Mesopotamia around 2000 BC• Establish capital at Babylon on the EuphratesEstablish capital at Babylon on the Euphrates• Hammurabi and his code (“eye for an eye”)Hammurabi and his code (“eye for an eye”)• Concept of “codification”Concept of “codification”• Rights to women?Rights to women?
ASSYRIANS (p.95-97)ASSYRIANS (p.95-97)• Capital is NinevahCapital is Ninevah• Known for being nasty, violent, and vile (often Known for being nasty, violent, and vile (often
massacred conquered cities)massacred conquered cities)• Militaristic people with advanced weaponsMilitaristic people with advanced weapons• Eventually conquered by neo-Babylonians Eventually conquered by neo-Babylonians
(Chaldeans)and Medes(Chaldeans)and Medes• 2 important kings= Sennacharib and Ashurbanipal2 important kings= Sennacharib and Ashurbanipal
Relief: Assyrian conquest of Israel
CHALDEANS (p.97-98)CHALDEANS (p.97-98)• ““New” or “Neo” BabyloniansNew” or “Neo” Babylonians• NebuchadnezzarNebuchadnezzar• Legends about Babylon: Hanging Gardens, Legends about Babylon: Hanging Gardens,
11 mile long wall, walls were supposedly 11 mile long wall, walls were supposedly thick enough for a 4 horse chariot to ride onthick enough for a 4 horse chariot to ride on
Solomon’s Temple
Wailing Wall
Lion Hunt