The End of the Civil WarThe End of the Civil War

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Turning Points of the War…Turning Points of the War…A Quick ReviewA Quick Review

The Battle of AntietamThe Battle of Antietam• Northern forces stop Confederate Northern forces stop Confederate

momentum by stopping their advance momentum by stopping their advance on Washington in this bloody battle. on Washington in this bloody battle. The loss of life greatly damages the The loss of life greatly damages the south and weakens their chances of south and weakens their chances of quick European interventionquick European intervention

Turning Points of the War…Turning Points of the War…A Quick ReviewA Quick Review

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation• Though not actually freeing slaves, this Though not actually freeing slaves, this

document did broadcast that slaves document did broadcast that slaves would be free in the South if the North would be free in the South if the North wins the war, thereby making the wins the war, thereby making the Confederates look as though they’re Confederates look as though they’re fighting only to keep their slaves. This fighting only to keep their slaves. This makes France and England withdraw makes France and England withdraw their support of the Souththeir support of the South

Keep an Eye Out for These Keep an Eye Out for These Turning Points!Turning Points!

GettysburgGettysburg Sherman’s March to the SeaSherman’s March to the Sea

The War Drags OnThe War Drags On

Both sides share feelings of hope and Both sides share feelings of hope and frustration throughout the warfrustration throughout the war

In 1862-1863, the South grew In 1862-1863, the South grew confident that victory was again in confident that victory was again in their grasptheir grasp

This feeling was chiefly due to the This feeling was chiefly due to the leadership of leadership of Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee, general , general of the unbeatable of the unbeatable Army of Northern Army of Northern VirginiaVirginia

Southern VictoriesSouthern Victories

FredericksburgFredericksburg• Lee’s army meets Burnside’s army near Lee’s army meets Burnside’s army near

a Virginia towna Virginia town• Burnside had the larger army, but the Burnside had the larger army, but the

Confederates were so well entrenched Confederates were so well entrenched that Burnside’s troops could not that Burnside’s troops could not overtake themovertake them

• Devastated by the loss of life his troops Devastated by the loss of life his troops sustained, Burnside resignssustained, Burnside resigns

Southern VictoriesSouthern Victories

ChancellorsvilleChancellorsville• General Hooker, Burnside’s General Hooker, Burnside’s

replacement, is attacked by Leereplacement, is attacked by Lee• Lee boldly divides his army to surround Lee boldly divides his army to surround

his enemy, and wins the battlehis enemy, and wins the battle• However, heavy casualties were taken However, heavy casualties were taken

by the South, including the death of by the South, including the death of “Stonewall” Jackson“Stonewall” Jackson

GettysburgGettysburg

Despite heavy losses, Lee decides to Despite heavy losses, Lee decides to invade the Northinvade the North

Lincoln realizes that, instead of Lincoln realizes that, instead of destroying Richmond, Lee’s army destroying Richmond, Lee’s army needed to be destroyedneeded to be destroyed• Why?Why?

When Hooker refuses to attack, When Hooker refuses to attack, Lincoln fires and replaces him with Lincoln fires and replaces him with George MeadeGeorge Meade

GettysburgGettysburg

The two armies met by accident near The two armies met by accident near the small town of Gettysburg, PAthe small town of Gettysburg, PA• Southern army had invaded the town looking Southern army had invaded the town looking

for shoesfor shoes• Northerners initially pushed out of the town by Northerners initially pushed out of the town by

South, but establish strong defensive positionSouth, but establish strong defensive position

Pickett’s ChargePickett’s Charge

On the third day of Gettysburg, Lee On the third day of Gettysburg, Lee launches a controversial attacklaunches a controversial attack• 13,000 soldiers rush to the Yankee front 13,000 soldiers rush to the Yankee front

line, hoping to penetrate their defensesline, hoping to penetrate their defenses• Instead, the soldiers made easy pickings Instead, the soldiers made easy pickings

for Union soldiersfor Union soldiers• Barely half would survive the chargeBarely half would survive the charge

Lee realizes his plan has failed, and Lee realizes his plan has failed, and retreats to VAretreats to VA

GettysburgGettysburg

Major Turning PointMajor Turning Point• Stops Southern advancesStops Southern advances• Greatly weakens Confederate armyGreatly weakens Confederate army

George Meade proud of victoryGeorge Meade proud of victory Lincoln upset that once again, Rebels Lincoln upset that once again, Rebels

allowed to escape instead of being allowed to escape instead of being captured once and for allcaptured once and for all

View from Cemetery RidgeView from Cemetery Ridge

Vicksburg, MSVicksburg, MS

The battle of Vicksburg took place The battle of Vicksburg took place during the battle of Gettysburgduring the battle of Gettysburg

It was the last city the North needed It was the last city the North needed to seize to control the Mississippi to seize to control the Mississippi RiverRiver

The Union wins, and the Mississippi The Union wins, and the Mississippi becomes a tool for the North until the becomes a tool for the North until the war would end two years laterwar would end two years later

The Gettysburg AddressThe Gettysburg Address

Two minute speech where Lincoln Two minute speech where Lincoln beautifully expressed what the war beautifully expressed what the war had come to mean:had come to mean:• It is for the living to make sure the dead It is for the living to make sure the dead

had not died in vainhad not died in vain• That the United States will experience That the United States will experience

freedomfreedom• And that the government of the people, And that the government of the people,

by the people, and for the people shall by the people, and for the people shall continue oncontinue on

Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

Grant was not a typical war heroGrant was not a typical war hero• Small, unkemptSmall, unkempt• Drinking problemDrinking problem

However, impressed Lincoln for one However, impressed Lincoln for one main reason:main reason:• While other generals made excuses to While other generals made excuses to

not attack the enemy, Grant would not attack the enemy, Grant would always pursue a retreating army and always pursue a retreating army and followed Lincoln’s orders to the letterfollowed Lincoln’s orders to the letter

Grant’s PlanGrant’s Plan

To end the war, Grant came up with To end the war, Grant came up with following plan:following plan:• In the west, Sherman would advance to In the west, Sherman would advance to

Georgia and crush the major Southern Georgia and crush the major Southern city in Atlantacity in Atlanta

• The Army of the Potomac would The Army of the Potomac would advance to Virginia and destroy Lee’s advance to Virginia and destroy Lee’s armyarmy

Virginia BattlesVirginia Battles

Three battles ensure near Richmond, Three battles ensure near Richmond, Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, and Cold HarborHouse, and Cold Harbor

The Confederates holds on, but Grant The Confederates holds on, but Grant does not relent in attackingdoes not relent in attacking• Grant called a butcher for sacrificing Grant called a butcher for sacrificing

more than 60,000 menmore than 60,000 men• Lincoln supports himLincoln supports him• Grant’s assault last nine monthsGrant’s assault last nine months

18641864

As Grant attacked Virginia, other As Grant attacked Virginia, other changes were occurring changes were occurring

Lincoln nearly loses reelection. Lincoln nearly loses reelection. Thanks to last-minute Union victories, Thanks to last-minute Union victories, he keeps officehe keeps office

David Farragut seizes the Gulf of David Farragut seizes the Gulf of Mexico, giving the Union complete Mexico, giving the Union complete controlcontrol

General Sherman captures AtlantaGeneral Sherman captures Atlanta

The March to the SeaThe March to the Sea

Atlanta is a major population center Atlanta is a major population center for the Southfor the South• What little industry the South had was What little industry the South had was

located therelocated there• Sherman engages in Total War, Sherman engages in Total War,

destroying homes, food, and people destroying homes, food, and people throughout Atlantathroughout Atlanta

• He advances his troops across GA to the He advances his troops across GA to the Atlantic, burning and destroying Atlantic, burning and destroying everything they come acrosseverything they come across

VictoryVictory

Grant continues his assault on the Grant continues his assault on the Army of Northern VirginiaArmy of Northern Virginia

Hunger, sickness, death, and Hunger, sickness, death, and desertion take their tolldesertion take their toll

Richmond is taken on April 2, 1865Richmond is taken on April 2, 1865 Lee’s army continues to fight, hoping Lee’s army continues to fight, hoping

to stop Sherman’s advance, but to stop Sherman’s advance, but realizes the situation was hopelessrealizes the situation was hopeless

VictoryVictory

At At Appomattox Court HouseAppomattox Court House, Grant , Grant meets Lee face to facemeets Lee face to face• Grant allows all soldiers to return home Grant allows all soldiers to return home

after surrendering their weaponsafter surrendering their weapons• North Carolina, which was never North Carolina, which was never

overtaken, surrenders days laterovertaken, surrenders days later• Jefferson Davis is captured thereJefferson Davis is captured there

Results of the WarResults of the War

The Civil War was the most The Civil War was the most devastating conflict in American devastating conflict in American historyhistory• Billions of dollars in damage, mostly in Billions of dollars in damage, mostly in

South South • 600,000 soldiers died600,000 soldiers died• Federal government now strengthened, Federal government now strengthened,

and federalism proven to be more and federalism proven to be more powerful than state’s rightspowerful than state’s rights

• Millions of African-Americans freedMillions of African-Americans freed