the endless frontier in science and technology: role of the united states and purdue october 1, 2007...

The Endless Frontier in Science and Technology:

Role of the United States and PurdueOctober 1, 2007

Charles O. Rutledge, Ph.D.Vice President for Research

Pankaj Sharma, Ph.D.Associate Director, Discovery Park

Office of Vice President for Research

My visit to China


Outline

• Evolution of Science, Technology, and Policy– Pre-War, During War, Post-war

• Current Infrastructure– Think Tanks, Funding Agencies, National Labs,

Regulatory Agencies, Associations, Foundations, Corporations, Donors

• Purdue– Past, Present, Future


Pre-World War II (1787-1940)

• 1787: The Constitutional Convention• 1807: Survey of Coast• 1862: The Department of Agriculture

and the Land Grant College Act• 1870: United States Weather Service• 1879: U.S. Geological Survey• 1887: National Institutes of Health• 1916: Naval Research Laboratory• 1931: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory• 1937: National Cancer Institute

1st U.S. President1789-1797

George Washington

Abraham Lincoln16th U.S. President

1861-1865


World War II

• 1940-1941National Defense Research Committee and Office of Scientific Research and Defense

• 1940-1945Manhattan Project

National Defense Research Committee

1st Official Meeting on July 2, 1940


Moving Forward in the Post-war Era

• What scientific contributions have been made during the war?

• What can be done now in the war of science against disease?

• What can the government do to aid research activities?

• Can an effective program be proposed for the discovery and development of scientific talent in American youth?

November 1944: President Roosevelt’s letter to Dr. Vannevar Bush asked the following:

32nd U.S. President1933-1945

Franklin D. Roosevelt


Moving Forward in the Post-war Era

Scientific contributions • Penicillin, radar, better agricultural products, jobs in new industries

(radio, air conditioning, rayon, synthetic fibers/rubber, plastics)• More abundant food supply, better living, more leisure, longer life,

and better health

War of science against disease• Extend financial support for basic medical research in medical schools and universities.

Aid for research activities• More and better scientific research is essential for our goal of full employment.• Basic research should be strengthened by use of public funds.• Create science advisory board to advise executive/legislative branches of government.• Allow deduction of R&D expenditures for industry research. • Promote international flow of scientific information.

Developing scientific talent• For every boy or girl shall know that, if s/he shows that s/he has what it takes,

the sky is the limit.• Remove barriers for receiving higher education.• Provide reasonable number of scholarships and fellowships for advanced training and

fundamental research.• Create a National Research Foundation.

July 1945: Dr. Vannevar Bush provided the following recommendations:

Dr. Vannevar Bush


Post-World War II

• 1946: Office of Naval Research• 1946: Department of Energy• 1947: National Laboratories• 1950: National Science Foundation• 1954: President’s Science Advisory

Committee• 1980: Bayh-Dole Act• 1989: End of the Cold War• 1989-2000: Steps Toward

Interdisciplinary Research

Birch Bayh IIU.S. Senator from Indiana 1963-1981

Bob DoleU.S. Senator from Kansas1969-1996


Recent Trends (2000 – today)

Challenges Driving Interdisciplinary Research

• The inherent complexity of Nature and Society

• The drive to explore basic research problems at the interfaces of disciplines

• The need to solve societal problems

• The stimulus of generative technologies


Science, Technology, and Policy

Policy combined with infrastructure provides an endless frontier for science and technology.

Infr

astr

uct

ure

Policy

An infrastructure enables us to undertake challenges and explore new avenues.


Infrastructure: Think Tanks

The National AcademiesAdvisors to the Nation on Science, Engineering and Medicine

• National Academy of Sciences (1863)• National Research Council (1916)• National Academy of Engineering (1964)• Institute of Medicine (1970)


Infrastructure: Universities

• Purdue

• MIT

• Harvard

• Stanford

• Berkeley

• Cornell

• many others

France Córdova Purdue University’s 11th President


Infrastructure: Funding Agencies

• National Science Foundation• National Institutes of Health• United States Department of Agriculture• Department of Energy• Department of Defense• Department of Transportation• Environmental Protection Agency• Department of Health and Human Services• Department of Education• Department of Commerce• Department of Homeland Security• National Aeronautics and Space Administration• United States Agency for International

Development

Chuck ConnerActing Head, USDA


Infrastructure: Department of Energy (DOE) National Labs

• Idaho National Laboratory between Arco and Idaho Falls, Idaho • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California • Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois • National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado • Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California • Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico • Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee • National Energy Technology Laboratory in Albany, Oregon;

Fairbanks, Alaska; Morgantown, West Virginia; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Tulsa, Oklahoma

• Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington • Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico and

Livermore, California


Infrastructure: DOE Technology Centers• Ames Laboratory in Ames, Iowa • New Brunswick Laboratory in Argonne National

Laboratory • Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education in Oak

Ridge, Tennessee • Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in Princeton, New

Jersey • Radiological & Environmental Sciences Laboratory • Savannah River Ecology Laboratory• Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in Menlo Park,

California • Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Newport

News, Virginia


Infrastructure: Regulatory Agencies

• US Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO)

• US Food and Drug Administration

• US Environmental Protection Agency

Headquarters of USPTO OfficeAlexandria, Virginia


Infrastructure: Associations• American Society for Pharmacology and

Experimental Therapeutics• Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers• Association of American Medical

Colleges• Federation of American Societies for

Experimental Biology• American Association for the

Advancement of Science• American Association of Colleges of

Pharmacy• American Association of

Pharmaceutical Scientists• American Physical Society• American Chemical Society• American Geophysical Society

Charles Rutledge

American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

Leah JamiesonPresident2006-Current

President1996-1997

Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers


Infrastructure: Foundations

• Regenstrief Foundation

• Lilly Endowment, Inc.

• Gates Foundation

• Keck Foundation

• Rockefeller Foundation

Samuel Nathan Regenstrief (1910-1988)


Infrastructure: Corporations

• Eli Lilly and Company• Roche Diagnostics• DowAgro Sciences• Zimmer• Cook Biotech• Bio Analytical

Systems Inc.Elli Lilly and Company

Headquarters, Indianapolis


Infrastructure: Others

• Donors• Michael and Katherine Birck• William and Mary Ann Bindley• Burton D. Morgan • Glenn and Edna Mann

• Economic Development Corporations• Indiana Economic Development

Corporation

• Rotary Club• United Way

Michael and Katherine Birck

Burton D. Morgan

William and Mary Ann Bindley

Glenn andEdna Mann


Purdue: Past and PresentNancy HoMolecular GeneticistR&D 100 Award (1998)for Better Yeast

Leslie GeddesWinner of NationalMedal of Technology2006Medical Devices &Tissue Engineering

Neil ArmstrongFirst Person

to set foot on the MoonJuly 20, 1969

Ardent BementDirector

2005-Present National Science Foundation


Purdue: Future

229.9217.8

243.4

294.3

261.4

301.2

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Developing strategy to double funding from $300 million to $600 million


Purdue: FutureDiscovery Park Developing Infrastructure to

Use Interdisciplinary Approach to Address Global Grand Challenges

EnergyIndependence

HomelandSecurity

GlobalWarming

Healthcare


Thank you.

This slide presentation is posted on the Internet at:

www.purdue.edu/research/vpr/staff/rutledge.shtml

the endless frontier in science and technology: role of the united states and purdue october 1, 2007...

Documents

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basic research

research activities

industry research

fundamental research

office of naval research

better scientific research

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