The Endocrine System

Body Control System

Endocrine

Combining form crin/o means secrete

Prefix endo means within

Endocrine System consists of glands that secrete

Function of Endocrine System

Hormones are the chemical messengers for the Endocrine System

Produce and secrete hormones into blood stream to help control body activities

Works closely with the Nervous System

Exocrine Glands

Exocrine Glands – secrete their products into ducts

The ducts then carry the secretions into body cavities or to body surface

E.g. sweat glands, sebaceous glands, lymph glands

Endocrine Glands

Don’t contain ducts

Secrete their products directly into the blood stream

E.g. Pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, pancreas, ovaries, testes

What are hormones?

Chemical messengers

Transfer information and instructions from one set of body cells to another

Each type of hormone stimulates a specific sets of cells in organs to cause an action of that organ to happen

E.g. oestrogen causes changes to female sex characteristics

helps maintain homeostasis of the body

Endocrine Glands

Endocrine Gland Hormones secreted Function

Pituitary gland

“master gland”

many e.g. thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

stimulates secretion form thyroid

Stimulates cell growth throughout body

Thyroid Thyroxine Thyroxine controls body metabolism

Parathyroids parathyroid hormones (PTH) regulates calcium and phosphorus in blood

Adrenal glands

1.Adrenal cortex

2.Medulla

corticosteroids

adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinepherine)

many e.g. anti-inflammatory,

affect CNS in stress response

Pineal Gland Melatonin

Seratonin

Exact function unknown but influences sleep & onset of puberty

Pancreas is both an exocrine gland & endocrine

Insulin Control blood sugar levels

Gonads i.e. testes, ovaries Oestrogen, progesterone

testosterone

Development of sex characteristics

Word ComponentsGland Root word

combining formHormone Disorder

Pituitary gland Pituita,pituitar FSH (follicle stimulating hormone);

LH (leutinising hormone); HGH (human growth hormone);

ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone);

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Hypersecretion – gigantism, acromegaly

Hyposecretion – Dwarfism,acromicria

Hyposecretion of ADH – diabetes insipidus

Thyroid gland Thyr, thyr/o thyroxine Hyperthyroidism – Graves Disease

Hypothyroidism – Goitre

Parathyroid Parathyr, parathyr/o

Parathyroid hormone for calcium function in bones and nervous system

Hyperparathyroidism – bone softeneing

Hyperthyroidism – twitching

Word Components

Gland Root word combining form

Hormone Disorder

Adrenal Adren,adren/o Adrenaline, cortisol & helps body cope with stress

Hypersecretion – Cushing’s syndrome

Hyposecretion – Addison’s disease

Pancreas Panreat, pancreat/o

Insulin Hyperglycaemia High blood sugar levels (Daibetes)

Hypoglycaemia Low sugar levels

Word partsaden/o gland

adriano adrenal gland

adrenocortic/o adrenal cortex

andr/o male

-crine to secrete

end/o within

-globulin protein

glyc/o sugar

Ket/o Ketones

-micria Condition of small size

Natr/i sodium

Word parts-plasia condition of growth

progest/o progesterone

-ptosis falling / prolapse

-trophic pertaining to nourishment

-tropic stimulating

Abbreviations

BSL Blood sugar level

BSS Blood sugar series

FBSL Fasting blood sugar level

GTT Glucose tolerance test

HRT Hormone replacement therapy

Diabetes

DiabetesType I

IDDM (Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus)

Pancreas doesn’t make insulin

Diabetes Type II

NIDDM (Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus)

Inadequate insulin