the endocrine system - · pdf fileelaine n. marieb chapter 9 ... copyright © 2003...
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Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slides 9.1 – 9.22
Seventh Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
Chapter 9
The Endocrine System
Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook
I. Characteristics
Slide 9.1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Second messenger system
Uses chemical messages (hormones) that are released into the blood
Blood transfers hormones to target sites where they regulate the activity of other cells
II. Hormone Processes Reproduction
Growth and development
Mobilization of body defenses
Maintenance of homeostasis
Regulation of metabolism
III. Mechanisms of Hormone Action
Slide 9.4 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Hormones affect only certain tissues or organs (target cells or organs) that have a specific protein receptors
Hormone binding influences the working of the cells
IV. Effects Caused by Hormones
Slide 9.5 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Changes in plasma membrane permeability or electrical state
Synthesis of proteins, such as enzymes
Activation or inactivation of enzymes
Stimulation of mitosis
V. Control of Hormone Release
Slide 9.10 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Hormone levels in the blood are maintained by negative feedback
A stimulus or low hormone levels in the blood triggers the release of more hormone
Hormone release stops once an appropriate level in the blood is reached
The Chemistry of Hormones
Slide 9.3 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Steroids – made from cholesterol
Steroid Hormone Action
Slide 9.6 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Diffuse through the membrane of target cells
Enter the nucleus
Bind to a specific protein within the nucleus
Bind to specific sites on the cell’s DNA
Activate genes that result in synthesis of new proteins
The Chemistry of Hormones
Slide 9.3 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Non-Steroid Hormones made from
Amino acid-based hormones
Prostaglandins – made from highly active lipids
Nonsteroid Hormone Action
Slide 9.8 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Hormone does not enter the cell but binds to a membrane receptor
Sets off a series of reactions that activates an enzyme
Catalyzes a reaction that produces a second messenger molecule
Oversees additional intracellular changes to promote a specific response
Hormonal Stimuli of Endocrine Glands
Slide 9.11 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Endocrine glands are activated by other hormones
Figure 9.2a
Humoral Stimuli of Endocrine
Glands
Slide 9.12 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 9.2b
Changing blood levels of certain ions stimulate hormone release
Neural Stimuli of Endocrine Glands
Slide 9.13 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Nerve impulses stimulate hormone release
Most are under control of the sympathetic nervous system
Figure 9.2c
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