the energy – water nexus changing the future of texas
DESCRIPTION
October 10, 2013. The Energy – Water Nexus Changing the Future of Texas. Texas Alliance of Energy Producers. Energy, Air and Water A Comprehensive Study of the Issues of Today. Les Shephard Texas Sustainable Energy Research Institute University of Texas at San Antonio. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Energy – Water NexusChanging the Future of Texas
Texas Alliance of Energy Producers
Energy, Air and WaterA Comprehensive Study of the Issues of Today
Les Shephard Texas Sustainable Energy Research Institute
University of Texas at San Antonio
October 10, 2013
Water Water Everywhere!
So….. What is the Problem?Water Treatment is Expensive ….. AND Energy Intensive!
Courtesy IEEE Spectrum, July 2010
Energy – Water NexusA Global Context
Future Freshwater NeedsWorld Population
2005 20300
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Population liv-ing under severe water stress
Global popula-tion
Bill
ions
2010 2030 2030
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Expected shortfall
Municipal and domestic
Industry
Agriculture
Mill
ions
of M
egal
iters
With
draw
n
2010 2015 2020 2025 20300
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
World Electricity DemandB
illio
ns o
f kilo
wat
t-ho
urs
Major Inland Brackish Water Resources
Produced Water From Oil and Natural Gas Production
Source: Mast, et al., 1998, (on left); USGS, (on right)
U.S. Saline “Brackish” Aquifers
Our Water Future Will Rely on Non -Traditional Water Resources
Oil ProductionGas Production
Mixed ProductionDry Wells
Our Energy Future Will Also!
Growing Demand for Non-Traditional Water Resources
• Desal increasing ~ 10% per year• Waste water reuse increasing ~ 15% per year ……. AND Growing!
Sources: EPA 2004, Water Reuse 2007, Mickley 2003; Einfeld 2007
Sea WaterReverse Osmosis
Today The Future
ConventionalTreatment
BrackishReverse Osmosis
BrackishNano-
filtration
Power Requirements For TreatingWaste Water Reuse
Desalination
1990 2000 2010 2020
Year
5
10
15
20
Pro
ject
ed W
ater
Use
of N
on-T
radi
tiona
l Wat
er
(BG
D)
The U.S. Energy Future The Energy – Water – Carbon “Trifecta”
COAL
NATURAL GAS
NUCLEAR SOLAR THERMAL
GEOTHERMAL
HYDROELECTRICPHOTOVOLTAIC
WIND
Open Loop
CoolingClosed LoopCooling
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Car
bon
(Kilo
gram
s per
Kilo
wat
t-Hou
r)
Water Consumed (Liters per Kilowatt-Hour)Source: Lux Research, June 2009
Global Energy: Unshackling Carbon from Water
Coal 45%
Natural Gas 24%
Nuclear 19%
Petroleum 2% Other 1%
US Electricity Generation By Source
Renewables9 %
Closed Loop Cooling
Water Challenges are Complex and Highly Interdependent
Competing Sectors
Regulatory/Policy
Framework
Energy
Infrastructure
Climate (Drought)
Technology Innovation
Water Supply Secure Reliable Demand
Economic Prosperity Growth Productivity Development Cost
Environmental Stewardship
Endangered Species Land Use Water Life Cycle
All Three Imperatives Must Be Addressed!!
Freshwater Withdrawal by Sector* (~ 345 BGD in US)
Livestock2%
Thermoelectric Power39%
Irrigation39%
Public Supply14%
Industrial6%
Source: USGS Circular 1268, March 2004 * *Does not include hydropower
Freshwater Consumption by Sector (~ 100 BGD)
Energy Accounts for ~ 27 Percent of Non-Agricultural Fresh Water Consumption
Livestock3.3%
Thermoelectric3.3%
Commercial1.2%
Domestic7.1%
Industrial3.3%
Mining1.2%
Irrigation80.6%
Source: USGS, 1998
Non-Ag Sector Consumption
Freshwater Consumption
Non-Ag16.1%
Texas Consumes ~ 157 Billion Gallons of Water to Produce ~ 400 Billion kWh Annually – More Than Any Other State!
The Nexus in Texas!
Source: Report on the Capacity, Demand, and Reserves in the ERCOT Region, May 2010;CPS Energy - SAWs Energy Water Nexus, April 2011; Texas Water Development Board
A Diversified Energy – Water Portfolio Is Key San Antonio Is Charting Its Future!
CPS EnergySources
SAWSSourcesAND …… Texas Electricity and Water Demand
Projected to Increase!
Water DemandElectricity
Demand
Courtesy CPS Energy - SAWs Energy Water Nexus, April 2011
Strategic Move Toward Recycled Water
Water Use by CPS Energy - 1962 to 2010
Total groundwater used
Total surface water used
Years
AcreFeet
Creating a Sustainable Energy – Water Future!
1500 MW of Renewable Energy Generation
100 MW Non-Wind Generation
AMI and Smart Grid Roll-out
64,000 acre-feet(21 Billion Gallons)
18,000 acre-feet(6 Billion Gallons)
Increasing Energy Efficiency Will Further Reduce Water Use
CPS Energy 2020 Vision Goal 2020 Cumulative WaterReduction
Impact
The Nexus in TexasIt Ain’t A Line Dance!
SOURCESLeonard Dougal – Jackson WalkerNew York Times – Citing UT Bureau Economic GeologyIHS Database
National Drought Mitigation CenterNOAAUSDATCEQ – Office of Water
Location of “Fracing” Sites – 2005 to 2009Percentage of Water Wells Related to Oil and Gas (est.)
“Shale Production” “Contributing To A Low Carbon, Energy - Water Future?”
Source: EIA, March 2010
Water Technology Innovation and Data Are Critical
• Water Treatment Innovation – low energy and low water consumption technologies – improved membranes, “waterless fracing”,
“smart technologies”, selective water use, etc
• Efficacy of Water Reuse is dependent on water quantity, water quality and flow duration. Economics will likely drive decision AND overallwater strategy
• Water Data are sparse, error-prone and inconsistent across US – make it a priority AND readily available!
Sustainable Development Is Critical Water Supply – Economic Prosperity – Responsible Environmental Stewardship
• “Value of Water” strategy - Considers costs of reuse treatment, energy, transport, concentrate disposal VERSUS direct disposal and
trucking. Roads, emissions, safety, etc. are externalities. Recognize not all
fluids are treatable – coupled with regional water strategy
• Water Life Cycle Systems Analyses – promote sustainable development through systems analyses focused on the “Long View” for water –
fresh and brackish
Energy and Water are Inextricably Linked!
• Thermoelectric Cooling• Hydropower• Energy Minerals Extraction and
Mining• Fuel Production (Fossil Fuels, H2,
Biofuels)• Emission Control
• Pumping• Conveyance and Transport• Treatment• Use Conditioning• Surface and Groundwater
Water Production, Processing, Distribution, and End-use
Require Energy
Energy and Power Production Require Water
Water For Energy Energy For Water
With Sufficiently Abundant, Clean and Affordable Our Problems Can Be Solved
EnergyWaterEnergy
Water
Eagle Ford Shale – Keeping The Lights On ….
Picture courtesy of Dr. Tom Tunstall – Institute for Economic Development - UTSAhttp://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130328005282/en/UTSA-Releases-Updated-Eagle-Ford-Shale-Economic
AND ….. Hopefully the Water Running!!
The University of Texas at San Antonio
Educating Tomorrow’s America --- Today!