The Engineering The Engineering DisciplinesDisciplines

The number of engineering The number of engineering disciplines is not static. Many disciplines is not static. Many disciplines spawn additional disciplines spawn additional

sub-disciplines.sub-disciplines.

Let’s focus on the major Let’s focus on the major disciplines!disciplines!

Engineering DisciplinesEngineering Disciplines AerospaceAerospace AgriculturalAgricultural ArchitecturalArchitectural BiomedicalBiomedical BiologicalBiological ChemicalChemical CivilCivil ComputerComputer

ElectricalElectrical EnvironmentalEnvironmental IndustrialIndustrial ManufacturingManufacturing MaterialsMaterials MechanicalMechanical NuclearNuclear PetroleumPetroleum SoftwareSoftware

Aerospace EngineeringAerospace Engineering

Aerospace engineers design and develop Aerospace engineers design and develop technology for commercial aviation, the technology for commercial aviation, the

national defense, and space exploration. In national defense, and space exploration. In 1990, aerospace engineers helped launch 1990, aerospace engineers helped launch the Hubble Space Telescope, an orbiting the Hubble Space Telescope, an orbiting instrument that allows us to see 10 times instrument that allows us to see 10 times farther than we have ever seen before. farther than we have ever seen before.

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They design, develop, and test They design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and

missiles and supervise the missiles and supervise the manufacturing of these products. manufacturing of these products.

Aerospace engineers who work Aerospace engineers who work with aircraft are considered with aircraft are considered

aeronautical engineers, and those aeronautical engineers, and those working specifically with spacecraft working specifically with spacecraft

are considered astronautical are considered astronautical engineers. engineers.

Repairing cracked shuttle tiles.

Boeing Jets – working on betterFuel efficiency and longer range.

Aerospace Engineering EmployersAerospace Engineering Employers

BoeingBoeing NASANASA Lockheed MartinLockheed Martin Space Systems / LoralSpace Systems / Loral

Lockheed Martin F16 FalconFlying over Iraq

Boeing Fighter Jet from 1932

Agricultural EngineeringAgricultural Engineering

Agricultural engineers design farm and food Agricultural engineers design farm and food processing equipment; construct crop storage processing equipment; construct crop storage and livestock buildings; and develop systems for and livestock buildings; and develop systems for drainage, irrigation, and waste disposal. drainage, irrigation, and waste disposal.

Sometimes agricultural engineers work in labs Sometimes agricultural engineers work in labs like EPCOT's Land Pavilion, where they like EPCOT's Land Pavilion, where they experiment with promising indoor farming experiment with promising indoor farming techniques such as hydroponics—the science of techniques such as hydroponics—the science of growing plants in fluids without dirt. growing plants in fluids without dirt.

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harvesters, transporters

Precision agriculture utilizing GPS,remote sensing and computerized field equipment.

control of vibration, noise, air quality, heating, cooling within machinery.

Environmental controllers for poultry, swine, beef, aquaculture, plants

Agricultural Engineering EmployersAgricultural Engineering Employers

Archer Daniels Midland (ADM)Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) CargillCargill DuPontDuPont US Department of AgricultureUS Department of Agriculture

Architectural EngineeringArchitectural Engineering

Working alongside architects, architectural Working alongside architects, architectural engineers focus on the safety, cost, and engineers focus on the safety, cost, and construction methods of designing a construction methods of designing a building. For example, as the US building. For example, as the US population grows in the Southwest, more population grows in the Southwest, more and more architectural engineers are and more architectural engineers are investigating new ways to build on land investigating new ways to build on land where there is only sand and sagebrush.where there is only sand and sagebrush.

ASEE (This is very related to Structural & Civil Engineering)ASEE (This is very related to Structural & Civil Engineering)

Biomedical EngineeringBiomedical Engineering

Biomedical Engineers develop devices Biomedical Engineers develop devices and procedures that solve medical and and procedures that solve medical and health-related problems. health-related problems.

Biomedical Engineers work with medical Biomedical Engineers work with medical professionals to develop medical professionals to develop medical instruments, monitoring equipment, instruments, monitoring equipment, artificial organs, and prosthetic devices. artificial organs, and prosthetic devices.

Computers forBlood analysis

Laser Systems forCorrective eye surgery.

Ultrasound Imaging EquipmentImplantableHip Joints

Biological EngineeringBiological Engineering

Bioengineering combines biology and Bioengineering combines biology and engineering. engineering.

Biological Engineers understand how biological Biological Engineers understand how biological systems operate and develop effective biology-systems operate and develop effective biology-based technologies for applications across a based technologies for applications across a wide spectrum of societal needs including wide spectrum of societal needs including breakthroughs in diagnosis, treatment, and breakthroughs in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, in design of novel prevention of disease, in design of novel materials, devices, and processes, and in materials, devices, and processes, and in enhancing environmental health. enhancing environmental health.

Biological and Agricultural Biological and Agricultural Engineering Programs at UC DavisEngineering Programs at UC Davis Aquaculture EngineeringAquaculture Engineering

Ecological Systems EngineeringEcological Systems EngineeringEnergy Systems EngineeringEnergy Systems EngineeringEnvironmental EngineeringEnvironmental EngineeringFood EngineeringFood EngineeringForest and Fiber EngineeringForest and Fiber EngineeringHealth and Safety EngineeringHealth and Safety EngineeringMachine Systems EngineeringMachine Systems EngineeringPostharvestPostharvest Engineering EngineeringSensor and Control EngineeringSensor and Control EngineeringSoil and Water EngineeringSoil and Water Engineering

In the early 1950s California's tomato industry was threatened because In the early 1950s California's tomato industry was threatened because of the lack of laborers to harvest the crops. In response, the UC Davis of the lack of laborers to harvest the crops. In response, the UC Davis agricultural engineeringagricultural engineering department developed the mechanical tomato department developed the mechanical tomato

harvester. Unfortunately, this machine crushed the tomatoes. harvester. Unfortunately, this machine crushed the tomatoes.

The vegetable crops department came to the rescue by breeding a The vegetable crops department came to the rescue by breeding a firmer-skinned tomato - also known as the square tomatofirmer-skinned tomato - also known as the square tomato

Several genetically engineered varieties of tomatoes have been Several genetically engineered varieties of tomatoes have been developed in the US and approved for commercialization, developed in the US and approved for commercialization,

For a variety of reasons these GE tomatoes are no longer marketedFor a variety of reasons these GE tomatoes are no longer marketed

Chemical EngineeringChemical Engineering• Chemical Engineers often take chemical reactions and scale them Chemical Engineers often take chemical reactions and scale them

up to a large manufacturing process. They focus on the production up to a large manufacturing process. They focus on the production of products formed through a chemical reaction. This is sometimes of products formed through a chemical reaction. This is sometimes called Process Engineering.called Process Engineering.

• Chemical engineering involves the processing and treating of Chemical engineering involves the processing and treating of liquids liquids and gasesand gases. For example, some chemical engineers are studying . For example, some chemical engineers are studying ways to desalinate seawater—stripping it of salt to make the water ways to desalinate seawater—stripping it of salt to make the water safe to drink. safe to drink.

• Many chemical engineers work with petroleum and plastics. Many chemical engineers work with petroleum and plastics.

• The term "environmental engineering" also applies to certain areas The term "environmental engineering" also applies to certain areas of chemical engineering, such as pollution control. of chemical engineering, such as pollution control.

Chemical Engineers are employed Chemical Engineers are employed to do:to do:

• Food ProcessingFood Processing

• Beverage making and bottlingBeverage making and bottling

• Environmental AnalysisEnvironmental Analysis

• Making of Cosmetics, Perfumes, and Making of Cosmetics, Perfumes, and FlavoringsFlavorings

• Pharmaceutical productionPharmaceutical production

• Petroleum and Plastics processingPetroleum and Plastics processing

Kelco, San DiegoManufacturer of Biopolymers from Sea Kelp

Petroleum Extraction and Processing

Pollution Control

Chemical Engr EmployersChemical Engr Employers

Dow ChemicalDow Chemical DuPontDuPont Proctor and GambleProctor and Gamble MonsantoMonsanto Johnson & JohnsonJohnson & Johnson MerckMerck General MillsGeneral Mills

Civil EngineeringCivil Engineering

One of the largest branches of One of the largest branches of engineering, civil engineering is a field that engineering, civil engineering is a field that deals with buildings, bridges, dams, roads, deals with buildings, bridges, dams, roads, and other ‘public works’ structures . Civil and other ‘public works’ structures . Civil engineers plan, design, and supervise the engineers plan, design, and supervise the construction of facilities such as high-rise construction of facilities such as high-rise buildings, airports, water treatment buildings, airports, water treatment centers, and sanitation plants. centers, and sanitation plants.

Flood waters compromise leveeNear New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina.

Historic PreservationGrand Central TerminalNew York City

Rebuilding Oklahoma City after the bombings.Buildings are blast resistant and employ sustainableConstruction.

Oklahoma CityFederal Bldg.

William J. Clinton Presidential Center Little Rock, AK

Architecture can be both industrialas well as inviting to people.Architecture can effect people’smoods, productivity, and energy.

A translucent concrete material contains glass optical fibers that transmit light through the entire length of the block. It can bring sunlight through a wall.

New Compositions make Concrete more versatile.

SACRED SURFACES. The modern church Dives in Misericordia located in Rome, is made from a self-cleaning concrete that breaks down atmospheric pollutants that would otherwise darken the surface over time.

Ductal – an ultra high performance concrete developed by Lafarge.The high strength fibers make the material self reinforcing.The Material can be used to make very thin structures without the need for conventional steel reinforcement. The concretewill bend like metal before breaking.

Japan

Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge Brazilian Wave Arch

Tacoma Narrows Bridge, 1940Wind created resonant vibrations.Now computer modeling and wind tunnels are used to test the rigidity of the road decks.

Computer & Software EngineeringComputer & Software Engineering

Computer engineers deal with all aspects Computer engineers deal with all aspects of computer systems including design, of computer systems including design, construction, and operation. Some construction, and operation. Some computer engineers specialize in areas computer engineers specialize in areas like digital systems, operating systems, like digital systems, operating systems, computer networks, and software. computer networks, and software.

Computer EngineeringComputer Engineering

Hardware and Chip DesignHardware and Chip Design Development of Software ApplicationsDevelopment of Software Applications Integrating components together, i.e. Integrating components together, i.e.

device driver softwaredevice driver software Project Management – teams located in Project Management – teams located in

multiple placesmultiple places Chip FabricationChip Fabrication Test and Quality Assurance (QA)Test and Quality Assurance (QA)

Computer Engineer EmployersComputer Engineer Employers CiscoCisco SunSun IntelIntel MicrosoftMicrosoft OracleOracle IBMIBM AppleApple GoogleGoogle YahooYahoo Wireless service Providers – cell phone servicesWireless service Providers – cell phone services Manufacturers of hand-held devices.Manufacturers of hand-held devices. GIS/GPS businesses.GIS/GPS businesses. eBay and AmazoneBay and Amazon Self employedSelf employed

Open Source softwareInvites lots of developersto create new applicationsUsing Languages such as JAVA.

Global Positioning Unit

Electrical EngineeringElectrical Engineering

The discipline that employs the largest The discipline that employs the largest number of engineers, covers everything number of engineers, covers everything related to electrical devices, systems, and related to electrical devices, systems, and the use of electricity. the use of electricity.

Electrical engineers work on power plants, Electrical engineers work on power plants, computers, and other electrical devices. computers, and other electrical devices.

Electrical Engineering (non-Electrical Engineering (non-computer)computer)

Control systems in carControl systems in car Satellites CommunicationsSatellites Communications Cell phonesCell phones Power PlantsPower Plants Circuit boardsCircuit boards AppliancesAppliances TVs, DVDs, TVs, DVDs, Medical InstrumentsMedical Instruments Recording EquipmentRecording Equipment SynthesizersSynthesizers Amplification equipmentAmplification equipment LightingLighting Hardware for networkingHardware for networking Firmware (low level coding)Firmware (low level coding) Custom ChipsCustom Chips Aviation ControlsAviation Controls Electronic monitoring and tagging (dog tags)Electronic monitoring and tagging (dog tags)

Radomes – Antennaprotection

These are cell phone towers?

Environmental EngineeringEnvironmental Engineering

Environmental engineers assist with the Environmental engineers assist with the development of water distribution systems, development of water distribution systems, recycling methods, sewage treatment recycling methods, sewage treatment plants, and other pollution prevention and plants, and other pollution prevention and control systems in the water, air, and land. control systems in the water, air, and land. Environmental engineers constantly seek Environmental engineers constantly seek new ways to reduce air pollution and new ways to reduce air pollution and pesticides. pesticides.

Environmental Engineers work on:Environmental Engineers work on:

Acid Rain and how to avoid itAcid Rain and how to avoid it Clean EnergyClean Energy Energy Star ProgramEnergy Star Program Public policy compliance – title 45Public policy compliance – title 45 Indoor air qualityIndoor air quality Site Clean upSite Clean up Recycling and waste minimization.Recycling and waste minimization. EPA Projects (Environmental Protection Agency) EPA Projects (Environmental Protection Agency)

EPA employs over 9000 engineers. EPA employs over 9000 engineers.

Industrial EngineeringIndustrial Engineering

Industrial engineers organize the people, Industrial engineers organize the people, information, energy, materials, and information, energy, materials, and machines involved in the production machines involved in the production process. They are concerned with plant process. They are concerned with plant design and management, quality control, design and management, quality control, and the human factors of engineering. and the human factors of engineering.

Industrial Engineering specialties:Industrial Engineering specialties:

management engineermanagement engineer - Combining - Combining knowledge of the business and the knowledge of the business and the facilities.facilities.

ergonomistergonomist – modify a process to reduce – modify a process to reduce worker injury.worker injury.

operations analystoperations analyst - devising systems to - devising systems to increase effectiveness of an operation.increase effectiveness of an operation.

Quality engineer Quality engineer – devise systems to – devise systems to service customers efficiently. service customers efficiently.

Industrial Engineers might do:Industrial Engineers might do:

Designing the admissions procedure at a hospital Designing the admissions procedure at a hospital  Converting a major production line to JITConverting a major production line to JIT Representing a company in the design and construction of a new Representing a company in the design and construction of a new

manufacturing plantmanufacturing plant Performing motion and time studiesPerforming motion and time studies Developing prototype units for the cellular phone car adapter marketDeveloping prototype units for the cellular phone car adapter market Simulation modelingSimulation modeling Developing a hardware protection program for spacecraftDeveloping a hardware protection program for spacecraft Developing a supplier quality programDeveloping a supplier quality program Implementing lean manufacturing conceptsImplementing lean manufacturing concepts Developing and launching a complete material handling system for a new Developing and launching a complete material handling system for a new

automobileautomobile Developing the conceptual layout of a dockyard and ship repair maintenance Developing the conceptual layout of a dockyard and ship repair maintenance

facilityfacility Working on a design project to make a medical device to treat sleep apneaWorking on a design project to make a medical device to treat sleep apnea Representing manufacturing and purchasing issues on a design teamRepresenting manufacturing and purchasing issues on a design team

Manufacturing EngineeringManufacturing Engineering

Manufacturing engineers design tools and Manufacturing engineers design tools and equipment and work with all aspects of equipment and work with all aspects of manufacturing—from production control manufacturing—from production control and materials handling to mechanization and materials handling to mechanization and automation. and automation.

Materials EngineeringMaterials Engineering

Metallurgical and materials engineers extract, process, Metallurgical and materials engineers extract, process, refine, combine, and manufacture natural substances to refine, combine, and manufacture natural substances to create new materials that meet specifications that could create new materials that meet specifications that could not be met with raw materials.not be met with raw materials.

Example: Materials that are:Example: Materials that are:stronger, resist corrosion, lighter, inert, elastic, stronger, resist corrosion, lighter, inert, elastic, sticky, insulate, invisible, etc.sticky, insulate, invisible, etc.

Metallurgical engineers work with metal only. Teams of Metallurgical engineers work with metal only. Teams of metallurgy and materials engineers created the US Air metallurgy and materials engineers created the US Air Force's "stealth" technology that makes a fighter plane's Force's "stealth" technology that makes a fighter plane's surface nearly invisible to radar. surface nearly invisible to radar.

Nylon - 1931

Teflon-1938

Neoprene- 1931

Pyrex - 1924

Liquid Crystal Displays1968

Transistors replaceVacuum tubes

BiomimicryLead to theInvention ofVelcro - 1948

Ultrasuede and Gortex

Glass fibers

Nanotechnolgy Nanotechnolgy includes includes the many techniques the many techniques used to create used to create structures at a size structures at a size scale below 100 nmscale below 100 nm

Biomimicry Biomimicry is the is the application of methodsapplication of methods and systems found in and systems found in nature to the study and nature to the study and design of engineering design of engineering systems and modern systems and modern technologytechnology

Rain forests worldwide cover approximately 6% of Earth's surface, and yet scientists believe they contain 50% of the world's plant and animal species—an impressive ratio. In common parlance, tropical rain forests are not only the planet's land-based centers of biodiversity—where most species live—they also contribute to the maintenance of the world’s climate by regulating rainfall and storing enormous amounts of carbon.

Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation

The Amazon Rainforest – nature’s laboratory for newDiscoveries.

Mechanical EngineeringMechanical Engineering

Mechanical engineers use mechanics and energy Mechanical engineers use mechanics and energy principles to design machines such as tools, engines. principles to design machines such as tools, engines. Machines, motors, and other devices. Machines, motors, and other devices.

Many mechanical engineers work in the areas of air-Many mechanical engineers work in the areas of air-conditioning and refrigeration, automotives, conditioning and refrigeration, automotives, manufacturing, welding, robotics, and mechatronics. manufacturing, welding, robotics, and mechatronics.

They study materials, heat and energy transfer, They study materials, heat and energy transfer, manufacturing technologies manufacturing technologies

A mechanical engineer designs anything that uses mechanical motion

Computer Modeling

Prototyping

Robotics

Underwater Vehicle

Consumer &Baby products

Food Handling

What is Mechatronics?What is Mechatronics?

The Fusion of Mechanical Engineering, The Fusion of Mechanical Engineering, electronics, and computing.electronics, and computing.

Usually requires cross-disciplinary training.Usually requires cross-disciplinary training. Looks like roboticsLooks like robotics Automate and Improve productionAutomate and Improve production

The elements of Mechatronics systems include sensors, actuators, microcontrollers (or microprocessors) and real-time control software.

The actuators are mainly high precision electric motors and solenoids. Any of a large number of sensor types are used, including light, acceleration, weight, color, temperature and image.

Stepper MotorStair climbing robot

Nuclear EngineeringNuclear Engineering

Nuclear engineers design, develop, and Nuclear engineers design, develop, and control plants that use nuclear energy for control plants that use nuclear energy for fuel and medical purposes. Some nuclear fuel and medical purposes. Some nuclear engineers are busy working on a nuclear-engineers are busy working on a nuclear-powered spacecraft that will travel to Mars. powered spacecraft that will travel to Mars.

Examples of Nuclear EngineeringExamples of Nuclear Engineering

Food irradiation has been systematically Food irradiation has been systematically evaluated by the Food and Agriculture evaluated by the Food and Agriculture Organization which concluded that treating raw Organization which concluded that treating raw meat and poultry with irradiation eliminates meat and poultry with irradiation eliminates disease-causing bacteria commonly found such disease-causing bacteria commonly found such as E. coli and Salmonella and poses no as E. coli and Salmonella and poses no toxicological hazards at typically used doses. toxicological hazards at typically used doses.

Domestic sources of radioisotopes are needed Domestic sources of radioisotopes are needed to adequately sustain the growing needs of our to adequately sustain the growing needs of our medical and healthcare communities. medical and healthcare communities.

Problems inherent with fossil fuels are avoided with Problems inherent with fossil fuels are avoided with energy production using hydrogen.  Per unit of fuel, energy production using hydrogen.  Per unit of fuel, hydrogen fuel cells in vehicles are about twice as hydrogen fuel cells in vehicles are about twice as efficient as combustion energies.  Unlike conventional efficient as combustion energies.  Unlike conventional engines, fuel cells emit only water vapor and heat.engines, fuel cells emit only water vapor and heat.

Only nuclear energy can produce hydrogen on large Only nuclear energy can produce hydrogen on large enough scales to meet future demand while avoiding enough scales to meet future demand while avoiding the release of greenhouse gases.the release of greenhouse gases.

These battery-like devices inside hydrogen vehicles convert hydrogen and oxygen into water, in the process producing electricity and heat that can power a motor.