The Era of ProgressivismThe Era of Progressivism

The Ashcan & The

Muckrake

The Ashcan & The

MuckrakeCreated by Mr. Johnson

•7.01 – Explain the conditions that led to the rise of Progressivism.

ObjectiveObjective

•Ashcan School•Muckraking•Ida Tarbell•Lincoln Steffens

•Upton Sinclair

Key Terms & PeopleKey Terms & People

•Jacob Riis•Frank Norris•Urban slums

•Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Wealth in the Gilded Age

Wealth in the Gilded Age

Mark Twain – The Gilded AgeMark Twain – The Gilded Age

Distribution of WealthDistribution of WealthTop 1% of Population• 25% of nation’s wealth

Top 10% of population• 70% of nation’s wealth

Growing middle class

Large numbers of poor farmers and city dwellers

Ric

hPoor

Distribution of WealthDistribution of Wealth

Andrew Carnegie Homeless Children

The Ashcan School of

Artists

The Ashcan School of

Artists

“The Apostles of Ugliness”

“The Apostles of Ugliness”The New York RealistsThe New York Realists

“Eviction”Everett Shinn, 1904

“Eviction”Everett Shinn, 1904

“Tugboat and Lighter”William Glackens, 1904 “Tugboat and Lighter”

William Glackens, 1904

“Paddy Flannigan” George Bellows, 1908

“Paddy Flannigan” George Bellows, 1908

“Dutch Joe” Robert Henri, 1910

“Dutch Joe” Robert Henri, 1910

“McSorley’s Bar”John Sloan, 1912“McSorley’s Bar”John Sloan, 1912

“Snow in New York”Robert Henri, 1901“Snow in New York”Robert Henri, 1901

“Fire on 24th Street”Everett Shinn, 1907“Fire on 24th Street”Everett Shinn, 1907

“A Stag at Sharkey’s Place”

George Bellows, 1917

“A Stag at Sharkey’s Place”

George Bellows, 1917

Progressivism: The

Social Gospel

Progressivism: The

Social Gospel

Muckrakers

Temperance

Suffragettes

Old

Populists

Midclass

Women

Labor

Unions

Civil

Rights?

Help the Poor? Help Yourself?Help the Poor? Help Yourself? Gospel of Wealth

Progressivism & Social Gospel

UnionismSocialismCommunismAnarchism

Ric

hPoor

The Muckrakers

The Muckrakers

What is a Muckraker?What is a Muckraker?

•Bunyan’s A Pilgrim’s Progress

•Digging up dirty secrets of government and business corruption… leads to reform

Jacob RiisUrban slums

Upton SinclairMeatpacking

Ida TarbellStandard Oil

John SpargoChild Labor

Who Were the Muckrakers?Who Were the Muckrakers? Frank Norris

Western farmers

Lincoln SteffensMunicipal corruption

Nellie BlyMental Health

McClure’s Magazine

Leading muckraker magazine

Muckraking & Yellow Journalism

Muckraking & Yellow Journalism

Trust-BustingTrust-

Busting

• “Wealth Against Commonwealth”

• Standard Oil Monopoly

Henry Demarest LloydHenry Demarest Lloyd

• A History of the Standard Oil Company (1904)

• Anti-trust lawsuit

• Break-up of Standard Oil in 1911

Ida TarbellIda Tarbell

Standard Oil & RockefellerStandard Oil & Rockefeller

Poverty of Farmers & Immigrants

Poverty of Farmers & Immigrants

• Epic of Wheat trilogy– Conflict between

farmers and railroad companies

Frank NorrisFrank Norris

Epic of WheatEpic of Wheat

• How the Other Half Lives (1889)

• Urban slums– Poverty– Overcrowding– Working

conditions– Sanitation– Crime

Jacob RiisJacob Riis

How the Other Half LivesHow the Other Half Lives

How the Other Half LivesHow the Other Half Lives

How the Other Half LivesHow the Other Half Lives

How the Other Half LivesHow the Other Half Lives

• Settlement houses• Hull House,

Chicago

Jane AddamsJane Addams

Settlement HousesSettlement Houses

Working ConditionsWorking

Conditions

John SpargoJohn Spargo

Florence KelleyFlorence Kelley

• Sweatshops

• The Jungle (1906)

• Meatpacking industry– Sanitation– Working conditions

Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair

The Jungle (1906)The Jungle (1906)

The Jungle (1906)The Jungle (1906)

Meatpacking ScandalMeatpacking Scandal

• Labeling & inspection of food & drugs

• Eventual creation of the FDA

• Sinclair– “I aimed at the

public's heart, and by accident I hit it in the stomach.”

• WRAL Restaurant Inspections

Pure Food & Drug Act (1906)Pure Food & Drug Act (1906)

• Garment Factory• New York City• Young women

workers• Locked doors• 145 dead

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)

• State labor departments

• Workers compensation

• Minimum wage laws

• Max occupancy• Fire escapes

ReformsReforms

Municipal CorruptionMunicipal Corruption

• “Honest Graft”• Defense of

Political Machines

George Washington PlunkittGeorge Washington Plunkitt

• Cartoonist• Attacked

Tammany Hall

Thomas NastThomas Nast

• The Shame of the Cities (1904)– Political machines– Graft & electoral

fraud

Lincoln SteffensLincoln Steffens

Political MachinesPolitical Machines

Mental HealthMental Health

• Ten Days in a Mad-House– Physical &

verbal abuse– Rat–infested

kitchens– Patients who

were not mentally ill

Nellie BlyNellie Bly

“What, excepting torture, would produce insanity quicker than this treatment? Here is a class of women sent to be cured. I would like the expert physicians who are condemning me for my action, which has proven their ability, to take a perfectly sane and healthy woman, shut her up and make her sit from 6 a.m. until 8 p.m. on straight-back benches, do not allow her to talk or move during these hours, give her no reading and let her know nothing of the world or its doings, give her bad food and harsh treatment, and see how long it will take to make her insane. Two months would make her a mental and physical wreck.”

Ten Days in a Mad-HouseTen Days in a Mad-House

T.R.: Reluctant Reformer

T.R.: Reluctant Reformer

“There is filth on the floor and it must be scraped up with the muck-rake; and there are times and places where this service is the most needed of all the services that can be performed. But the man who never does anything else, who never thinks or speaks or writes, save of his feats with the muck-rake, speedily becomes, not a help to society, not an incitement to good, but one of the most potent forces for evil.”

T.R. on MuckrakersT.R. on Muckrakers