the eu already imports over 50% of its energy · pdf file236 twh from qatar 63 twh from libya...
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The EU already imports over 50% of its energy needs
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The European Gas Network
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In 2015, the EU was importing*
1265 TWh from Russia
1082 TWh from Norway
314 TWh from Algeria
236 TWh from Qatar
63 TWh from Libya
*BP Statistical Review 2016
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To meet climate targets, Europe can’t keep burning gas
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Source: http://climatescience.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228620-e-47
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And need to stop burning coal and replace aging nuclear fleet.Replacement Market: 50GW to be replaced by low carbon resources by 2030
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Source: Climate Analytics Source: Carbon Brief
COAL GENERATION DECLINING AND NEED FURTHER REDUCTION TO MEET COP21
TARGET
EXISTING NUCLEAR FLEET AGEING AND REDUCING CAPACITY
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DISRUPTIVE IMPACT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance
4 TO 5 FOLD INCREASE IN ELECTRICTY DEMAND
Source: Wuppertal Institute
Further electricity market growth: deep decarbonisation of energy system will drive demand for electricity for transport and heating
Storage losses
Transport
Process heat
Space heating
Electricity Consumption
The Wuppertal Institute predicts that a full decarbonisation (without EE offensive) would lead to an 4 to 5 fold increase of power demand in Germany
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CSP Exports from MENA to Europe are part of the solution
TuNur CSP Offshore wind Nuclear Solar PV
• Only generate during high value hours of the day, eg 7am–11pm, or 2pm-10pm
• No generation during low value hours
• Intermittent over the 24h of the day
• Generates at average capacity during low demand periods
• Constant throughout the day
• Full capacity during low demand periods
• Intermittent during day light hours
• Does not generate at night
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0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
MW
hours/ time
September day load profilein Germany (MW)
CSP with 16 hours ofstorage production(normalised)
Offshore wind production(day in Sept, normalised)
Nuclear production(normalised)
PV production (day inSeptember, normalised)
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LCOE comparison: CSP vs PV with Storage
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Source: From “Exploring the Potential Competitiveness of Utility-Scale Photovoltaics plus Batteries with Concentrating Solar Power, 2015–2030” byDavid Feldman, Robert Margolis, and Paul Denholm, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (August 2016) See http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/66592.pdf (retrieved May 14, 2017)
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Existing telecom submarine cables in the Mediterranean
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Source: http://www.submarinecablemap.com/The cable routes on the map are stylized and do not reflect the actual path taken by systems.
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Interconnection projects in the Mediterranean
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IN SERVICE
SACOI Sardinia/Corsica/Italy 300 MW DC
GRITA Greece / Italy 500 MW DC
Morocco / Spain 2 x 700 MW AC
SAPEI Sardinia / Italy 1 GW DC
COMETA (Baleares) 400 MW DC
Malta / Italy 200 MW AC
Sorgente 2 Sicily / Italy 2 x 1 GW AC
UNDER STUDY
TuNur 3 Tunisia / France > 2 GW DC
Romania / Turkey 600 MW DC
Albania / Italy 1 GW DC
Algeria / Sardinia 1 GW DC
UNDER DEVELOPMENT
TuNur 1 Tunisia / Malta 250/500 MW DC
TuNur 2 Tunisia / Italy 2 GW DC
EuroAsia Greece/Crete/Cyprus/Israel 2 GW DC
Elmed Tunisia / Italy 600 MW DC
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
MONITA Montenegro / Italy 1.2 GW DC
PROPOSED
TuNur 4 Morocco / France > 2 GW DC
Algeria / Spain 2 GW DC
Egypt / Cyprus 1 GW DC
Libya / Italy 500 MW DC
Kroatia / Italy 1 GW DC
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But permitting is a challenge: Italy
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• Technical Solutions offer (STMG) from Terna, to connect up to 2,000MW at the Substation in Montalto di Castro
• Based on the STMG, TuNur will file the authorisation of the interconnection and the construction of the HVDC converter stations
• Single Authorisation Procedure (application submitted to Ministry of Economic Development and to the Ministry of Environment and Protection of Land and Sea)
– Submission of following documents:
1. Executive summary and preliminary project document outlining project aspects on a cartographic map
2. Environmental Impact Assessment for land and marine sections, incl seabed inspection within 12NM from shore
3. Technical works layout
4. Landscape authorisation
5. Agreement with Terna
6. Report on public utility of the project
7. Report on fire prevention legislation
8. Report on soil and rocks (‘utilization plan’)
9. Bilateral agreement between Italy and Tunisia
– Payment of a fee (proportional to project size)
• After the application for the Single Authorisation, follow the “conference of Services” and provide integrations if requested, until the completion of the conference and the publication of the authorisation on the Official Journal.
• Further subsequent studies required:
– Revised key constraint study of the submarine corridor
– Design and Environmental Impact Assessment for land and sea
– Submarine survey (12NM)
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Permitting in Malta
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• Preparation of the documents for the application to the competent authorities including:
• Further subsequent studies required:
– Desktop key constraint study of the submarine corridor
– Design for land and sea according to all the competent authorities
– Submarine survey (12NM in detail, up to the continental shelf)
Entity Documents required for applicationContinental Shelf Department (Ministry for Transport and Infrastructure)
• Seabed inspection of all maritime corridor up to the continental shelf boundary
MEPA Malta Environment & Planning Authority
• Seabed inspection of all maritime corridor up to 12 NM, detailed design of cable installation and marine environmental impact assessment
• Buildings: development application and permit• Trenching: simplified application with detailed design and environmental
screening• Tunnel: full application for right to drill with environmental impact.
REWS Malta Regulator for Electricity and Water Services
• General regulatory aspects, compliance with EU regulation about energy market
TM Transport Malta, Malta Transport Authority
• Reserved corridors, bunkering areas, anchoring areas, fishing reserve areas
Superintendence of Cultural Heritage
• Verify exclusion from areas of potential archaeological interest
Land Registry of Malta • To be involved about the land plot for the substation and the excavation
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IT/MT Permitting timeline comparison
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Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
Maltese side environmental screening and basic design land & sea
MEPA Malta Environment & Planning Authority
Continental Shelf Department: seabed inspection
TM Transport Malta Authority
Superintendence of Cultural Heritage
Land Registry of Malta
REWS Malta Regulator for Electricity
Maltese side Filing for authorization
Maltese side full permitting achieved (forecast)
TuNur Maltese side permitting2017 2018 2019
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
Italian side environmental screening and basic design land & sea
Cable corridor environmental studies
Seabed inspection 12 NM for permitting
Italian side Environmental Impact Assessment
Italian side Filing for authorization
Follow up to Conference of Services and related
TUN/IT agreement for transmission discussion
TUN/IT agreement for transmission signed
Italian side Unique Authorisation achieved (forecast)
TuNur Montalto Italian side permitting2018 20192017
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Why Tunisia?
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