the eukaryotes 12b: fungi
DESCRIPTION
The Eukaryotes 12b: Fungi. Cell wall. Fungal Morphology mold hypha/ae. coenocytic. “fairy ring”. Fungal Morphology yeast. bud. budding yeast Other: fission yeast. pseudohypha. Dimorphic?. Asexual. Sporangiospore. /Conidiospores. General Fungal Life Cycle - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Eukaryotes 12b: Fungi
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Cell wall
Fungal Morphology
mold
hypha/aecoenocytic
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“fairy ring”
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budding yeast
Other: fission yeast
pseudohypha
Fungal Morphology
yeast bud
Dimorphic?
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Asexual
Sporangiospore
/Conidiospores
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General Fungal Life Cycle
(based on having haploid adults)
plasmogamy
karyogamy
zygote
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Nutrition
all chemoheterotrophic, extracellular digestion
saprobes
parasites, predators
mutualists
Mycosis
systemic
subcutaneous
cutaneous
superficial
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Rhizopus nigricans
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Mucor spp.
Absidia spp.
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Microsporidia = Microspora
Example:
Nosema spp. (N. connori and N. ocularum) Ocular & GI infectionsMicrospora spp.
Polar filament
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dikaryon
inside ascus
(Eu)penicilliumplasmogamy
karyogamy
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae = baker’s & “top”-brewing yeast
S. pastorianus = “bottom”-brewing yeast
S. bayanus = champagne yeast
Neurospora
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Morchella spp. = morels
Tuber spp. = truffles
Gourmet items
ascus
ascocarp (made of dikaryotic hyphae)
(side-cut view)
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“ (San Joaquin) Valley fever”
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Aspergillus
A. flavus
A. niger
A. oryzae
aspergillosis
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Candida albicans
Pneumocystis carinii/jirovecki
“thrush”
“yeast infection” = candidiasis, balanitis (male)
“PC”
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Dermatophytes
Trichophyton spp.Microsporum spp.Epidermophyton floccosum
“ringworm” =
“Tinea ____”
onychomycosis
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Sporothrix
Stachybotrys
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Claviceps -> ergot
ergometrine
ergotamine
lysergic acid
grain
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plasmogamy
Karyogamy inside basidia
zygote
Mushroom life cycle
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Ustilago maydis = corn smut =
huitlacoche/cuitlacoche
Most used edible mushroom: Agaricus
Lentinula edodes = shiitake
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Amanita spp.
some edible, some poisonous
Amanita muscaria = fly agaric
death cap
The Destroying AngelAmanita virosa, A. verna, A. bisporigera, & A. ocreata
Amanita calyptrata
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Gyromitra esculentum = false morel
Cortinarius gentilis
Can be dangerous
Amanita muscaria = fly agaric
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ear & jelly fungus
bracketsbolete
puffball
Some other basidios
stinkhorn
Bird’s nest
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Malasezzia furfur
can cause pityriasis
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Disappearing “phylum” Deuteromycetes = imperfect fungi
Aspergillus PenicilliumFusarium
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endotrophic mycorrhiza
Symbiosis:
mycorrhizae
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crustose
foliose
Symbiosis:
lichens
fruticose
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Usnea: usnic acid
Roccella: litmus & dye
Useful lichens