the european battle for territory. in your notebook, list as many adjectives (descriptive words)...
TRANSCRIPT
Imperialism in Africa and AsiaThe European Battle for Territory
DO NOW
In your notebook, list as many adjectives (descriptive words) that come to mind when you
hear “Africa”
Geography of Africa• Continent – not a country
• Continent is three times larger than Europe
• Northern Africa – mostly desert
• Mid-to-southern Africa – diverse climates and topography
Africa Before Europeans
• Nations ranged from large empires to independent villages
• Hundreds of ethnic groups• Africans controlled their own trade networks• Many followed Islam or Christianity
What is “Imperialism”?
• Imperialism: the seizure (takeover) of a country or territory by a stronger country
• European countries had complete control over their colonies– Politics– Economics– Society– Culture
Imperialism in Africa Video
Who Went?• Explorers seeking wealth and notoriety • Missionaries trying to convert Africans to
Christianity• Humanitarians felt they needed to civilize the
savage Africans– “White Man’s Burden”
Forces Driving Imperialism
• Belief in European superiority– Racism– Social Darwinism
• European advantages:– Technological superiority– Means to control populations (ex: weapons)– New medicines prevented diseases
IndustrialRevolution
Source forRawMaterials
Markets forFinishedGoods
EuropeanNationalism
MissionaryActivity
Military& NavalBases
EuropeanMotivesFor Colonization
Places toDumpUnwanted/Excess Popul.
Soc. & Eco.Opportunities
HumanitarianReasons
EuropeanRacism
SocialDarwinism
Forms of Colonial ControlForms of Imperialism Characteristics
Colony Country governed internally by a foreign power
Protectorate Country with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power
Sphere of Influence Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges
Means of Control
Indirect Rule• Local officials were used• Limited self-rule• Goal to develop future
leaders• Govt’s based on European
styles, but may have local rulers
Direct Rule• Foreign officials brought into
rule• No self-rule• Gold assimilation• Govt’s institutions based
only on European styles
Activity: Foreign Views
• You will be reading three different foreign perspectives on why Europe should be imperialist.
• Read these and answer the analysis questions. Your answers will come right from the documents!
The Scramble for Africa
• 1882- King Leopold II of Belgium claims the Congo
• Other European countries start to worry they won’t get any land– 1914: Only Liberia and
Ethiopia were free from Europe
The Berlin Conference
• 1884: Europeans leaders divide Africa– No African rulers
invited– Little or no thought
about the differences in ethnic groups
DO NOW
According to this cartoon, which European countries were fighting for a position in Africa?
How did the Berlin Conference lead to the situation shown in the cartoon?
Berlin Conference in Plain English
(Murdoch-1959)
1. Africans• Zulu nation, led by
Shaka• Fought the British
2. Boers• Dutch• Had controlled South
Africa since mid 1600s3. British
• Gained control of South Africa after the Berlin Conference
Late 1800s: discovery of gold and diamonds in Boer territory set off the Anglo-Boer War
1901: British won, but at great cost
The Anglo-Boer War
British Boers
• King Leopold and other Belgians exploited the riches of the Congo
• Brutalized the natives. Many Africans were enslaved, beaten, and killed.
Belgium Territory
• Very powerful in North Africa
• Later spread into West and Central Africa
• Territory France controlled as large as the United States
French Territory
• Second in size only to France
• Many natural resources
British Territory
• Fought battles against African natives to take lands in the southern half of Africa
• Lost colonies after WWI
German Territory
• Conquered Libya
• Took Somaliland, but later lost it to Ethiopians
Italian Territory
• African claims of the Portuguese and Spanish were minimal
Portuguese Territory
Spanish Territory
Positive Results Negative Results
1. National states created 1. Encouraged tribal wars by creating fake borders
2. Improved medical care, sanitation, and nutrition
2. Created population explosion famine
3. Increased agricultural production 3. Produced cash crops needed by Europeans, and not food for Africans
4. Improved transportation and communication facilities
4. Exploited natural resources: minerals, lumber, rubber, human rights.
5. Expanded educational opportunities
5. Downgraded traditional African culture westernization
British Imperialism in India
British Imperialism in India
• East India Company– Controls India through economic
imperialism– Company uses an army including
Indian soldiers known as “sepoys”• India seen as the most important
colony– Known as the “Jewel in the Crown”– Produces lots of raw materials
The Sepoy Rebellion• Indians Rebel
– Sepoys refuse to use ammo cartridges due to religious reasons
• They had to bite them open – greased with pork fat • Considered unclean by Muslims
– Many sepoys were jailed, others rebelled– British put down the rebellion
• Results– Britain takes direct control of India– Increased distrust between Indians and British
Effects of British Rule
• British control political and economic power• Railroads move cash crops and goods faster• Cash crops resulted in loss of self-sufficiency
and caused famine• Britain sought to “modernize” India• Indian culture is disrupted due to racism and
missionaries
Imperialism in Southeast Asia
Imperialism in Southeast Asia• European Powers invade the “Pacific Rim”
– Lands of Southeast Asia that border the Pacific Ocean
• Why?– Land perfect for establishing trading and military
posts– Excellent for plantation agriculture
Imperialism in Southeast Asia
• Results– Modernization helps the European businesses– Education, health, and sanitation improves– Millions migrate to find work– Racial and religious clashes increase
Imperialism in China
Imperialism in China
• China vs. the West– China was self-sufficient – no need for trade– China kept a favorable balance of trade– Europeans were able to shift the balance
• Sale of Opium – addictive drug from poppy plant
• Opium War (1839-1842)– China vs. Britain– China loses – signs Treaty of Nanjing
• Chinese power over the West ends
China vs. The West
• Foreign Influence Grows– Growing Spheres of Influence
• A Surge in Chinese Nationalism– Boxer Rebellion
• Poor peasants and workers who resented foreign priviledge
– Beginnings of Reform• China tried to become more western• Further added to internal problems
Let’s Review!
Imperialism Crash Course Video