the evolution of design methodologies for gis todd bacastow january 2009
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The Evolution of Design Methodologies
for GIS
Todd BacastowJanuary 2009
Tomlinson 1960s – 1980s
Requirements
Req’t vs Constraints
Organization
Review
Comments
• Begins with Vision• Requirement Driven• Linear• Req’t vs. Constraints• Feedback
Calkins 1970s – 1980s
Initiation
Software Analysis and Design
Performance
Hardware Analysis and Design
Data Analysis and Design
Implementation
Comments
• Divide• Linear• Incremental • Feedback• Stakeholder participation
Marble and Wilcox 1991
Marble and Wilcox 1991
Marble and Wilcox 1991
Initiation
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Comments
• Organizational changes• General to the specific• Best over the ideal• User acceptance
Peuquet & Bacastow 1991
Initiation
Analysis Design
Implementation
Analysis Design
NYS 1997
Analysis
Design
Initiation ?? Implementation
Comments
• Lots of approaches• All have good and bad
Lesson 2 Review Questions
• Who are the typical stakeholders in a geospatial system? What are their roles?
• Explain why a system owner is particular important to a geospatial system?
• What are the differences between the role of system analysts and the role of the rest of the stakeholders? Stephanie Potts
• What kind of knowledge and skills should a system analyst possess?
• In addition to computing knowledge that system analysts should possess, what are the other essential skills that they need to effectively complete their jobs in geospatial system development?
• What are the four steps in Whitten’s system development process? How does this compare to Tomlinson? J. Earwood
• Why is system initiation essential in the system development process?
• Why do we need to identify the spatial system architecture?
• How are the business perspectives and the technology perspectives of a spatial system related?
• Why is an understanding of the system's functions an essential building block of a geospatial information system? m. beckley
• What is user’s dialogue?
• Why has the inherently natural use of the graphical user interface GUI in geospatial systems complicated the design process for system designers?
• Explain why having a standardized system development process is important to an organization performing spatial activities.
• How are system life cycle and system development methodology related in spatial system design?
• What are the 10 underlying principles for systems development?
• Why are process management and project management necessary?
• What is risk management? Is this particularly necessary with geospatial design projects?
• Which stakeholders initiate most projects? What is the impetus for most geospatial projects?
• Who are the main participants in the scope definition in a spatial system? What are their goals in the scope definition?
• What are the three most important deliverables in scope definition?
• Who are the main participants in the requirements analysis phase when developing a spatial system? Why are they the main participants?
• What feasibility analyses are made in the decision analysis?• What is model-driven development?
• Why is model-driven development popular?• Give an example of CASE use in GIS development.