the evolution of gis · uber making own maps • “if you want to be in the self-driving car game,...
TRANSCRIPT
The Evolution of GISFrom Digital Mapping to Spatial IT
Atanas (A.T.) EntchevGIS Specialist
Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey
The evolution of GIS
• GIS in the past
• GIS in the present
• GIS in the future
• GIS trends
• The Franklin experience
Abstract
• This presentation will look at the technical, organizational, and business aspects of GIS in local government through a case study of GIS in Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey. We will examine the past, present, and future state of GIS, and will share personal experiences and lessons learned.
• Does GIS belong in IT?
– GMIS International listserve• GIS & IT June 2016
GIS – the early days
• Born in the 1960s
• CAD (Computer-Aided Design) – a drawing tool
• GIS (Geographic Information System) – combines spatial (feature) data with tabular (attribute) data – “smart” map
– Map features know about themselves and about surrounding features
– Real-world coordinates
• Planning and engineering are early adopters
A GIS is like a pizza
• Base map = crust• Layers = toppings
• Must be mutually-compatible (coordinate system, format, etc.)
• Sometimes plain pizza is the best
• Too many toppings = yucky
Basic GIS feature types
•Point
•Line
•Polygon
Push a button make a map
Which button?
Topology?
NOT topology
Topography!
Network topology
Topology – road connectivity
Polygon topology in GIS
Topology in GIS – practical implications
• Franklin election districts
– Polygons
• Must not overlap
• Must not have gaps
• “Clean” topology
SUMMARY
• GIS = mapping tool + so much more
• GIS =/= CAD
• GIS is a SPATIAL ANALYSIS TOOL
–Attributes (database behind map features)
–Topology
–Real-world coordinates
GIS – the early days
• Mainframes and dumb terminals (cloud + browser today)– Command-line interface
• Unix workstations• Cumbersome file-based data formats
– Coverage – multiple files, easy to corrupt• 100s of files in a single map
– Shapefile – same but open
• ARC/INFO, PC ARC/INFO, ArcView– Proprietary, AML/SML/Avenue scripting
Early municipal GIS database schema –data silos (“cylinders of excellence”)
WordPerfect
Lotus 1-2-3
dBaseFoxPro
MS Word
Excel
GIS data dump
GIS data analysts at work
Push a button make a map
GIS today
• Modern desktop GIS software
• Modern server GIS software
• Modern data formats – geodatabases
• Interactive “GIS Light” in the browser
– Easy, inexpensive deployment to large number of users – internally or externally
– No need to license, install and manage “GIS viewers” on the desktop
Today’s GIS tech
• Esri ArcGIS – proprietary
• QGIS – open source– Plus: Free, many more; Minus: No “one neck to wring”
• Back end– Geodatabase – personal, file, enterprise
– MS SQL Server, Oracle, etc. – proprietary
– PostgreSQL, PostGIS – open source
• Front end– Desktop (ArcGIS, QGIS), browser (Leaflet, OpenLayers)
GIS today – Franklin, NJ
• Typical NJ municipality
– Municipal GIS (“the map”) is part of many municipal operations
• Tax assessment
• Land management
• Water system management
• Construction / code
• Planning / zoning
• Parks & recreation
GIS today – Franklin, NJ
– Integration a challenge
• Breaking down the cylinders of excellence
– Database updates a challenge
• Use unified desktop solution
• (Slowly) migrating to web
• GIS / map challenges– Continuous changes across multiple dynamic datasets
– Must keep all in sync
– ~99.6% match rate
» Plateaued around this number – as we fix issues, new ones pop up. 100% match rate elusive & unattainable.
GIS today – Franklin, NJ
• ArcGIS (Esri)
• Enterprise geodatabase (Microsoft SQL Server + ArcGIS for Server (formerly ArcSDE))
• Publish internally to staff and field crews–Desktop, web portal (iPads in the field)
• Publish externally to residents–GIS web portal
Franklin GIS – decision-support tool for open space acquisition
Franklin election districts map
Franklin Election Districts Map(raw GeoJSON on GitHub)
Franklin Election Districts Map (geojson.io)
Franklin Election Districts Map (GitHub)
Franklin Election Districts Map (CARTO+SDL)
GIS today tomorrow
Tomorrow’s GIS
Tomorrow’s GIS
• Database-driven
• Decision-support system Decision-making system
• On the web–Spatial analysis in the browser
• No plugins
• Mobile (embedded in apps)
GIS Trends
• OPEN
• GIS in the browser
– Streaming features
– No plugins (no Flash or Silverlight)
– No Java (but lots of JavaScript)
• Self-driving cars
• Augmented reality (StreetView, PokemonGO)
• 3D GIS
• Big data
Tomorrow’s GIS in Esri land
• ArcGIS Pro – the future for ArcGIS on the desktop
• ArcGIS Pro works with ArcGIS online/portal
• More Web, more open data formats, and more 3D
GIS is branching
• Spatial asset management / spatial analyses– Strong back end server tech – government, business
• Data visualization– Strong front end browser tech and graphic design
• Augmented reality (goggles)– StreetView, Mapillary, PokemonGO
• Self-driving cars– Tesla, Google, Uber, Daimler/Audi/BMW
• Maps for developers– Mapbox, others
Open
• Open-source software– PostgreSQL, PostGIS– QGIS (extensible)– Leaflet
• Open data (formats)– Shapefile, GeoJSON, KML(?)
• Open algorithms (???)– “Black box”, “safe areas”– Safe streets – Bing Maps released, quickly pulled “safe”
pedestrian areas from map– “Interesting” areas – new (July 2016) Google Maps paints
them orange
OPEN= FREE
=
OPEN= FREE
=
“NO FREE LUNCH” –Verizon
• MapQuest (first mass-adopted online map)• Aol. (acquired MapQuest)• Yahoo! (has Yahoo! Maps)• 141,473,000 mobile phone customers (Q1 2016 Source:
http://www.fiercewireless.com/special-reports/how-verizon-att-t-mobile-sprint-and-more-stacked-q1-2016-top-8-carriers)
– 141,473,000 mobile phone customers = 141,473,000 mobile map data sensors
– Who else has hundreds of millions of mobile map data sensors? Uber.
– Autonomous cars need ultra-accurate maps– The mapping game is changing– PERSONAL PREDICTION – Verizon will become a major
player in digital mapping for self-driving cars
Self-driving cars
• Tesla
• Uber
• Ford
• Baidu
– LiDAR
• Daimler-Audi-BMW
Uber making own maps
Uber making own maps
• “If you want to be in the self-driving car game, you’re going to have to create your own maps for it.” –Brian McClendon, Uber VP (formerly at Google Maps for a decade)– Mapping each lane, not just roads
– Massive undertaking
• When Uber tried to buy Nokia’s mapping software last year, it was outbid by a group of German automakers—a signal that traditional car manufacturers understand mapping as a critical component of the future of driving.
• Lays the groundwork for Uber to eventually replace its fleet of human drivers with self-driving machines.
Challenges
Why Australia moved
Augmented reality
GIS in the browser – Oak Ridge National Laboratory
GIS in the browser – Ventusky weather
GIS in the browser – Ventusky
GIS big data
• How “big” is Big Data?–Franklin:
• ~65,000 residents
• ~28,000 tax lots
• ~35,000 tax line items
• NOT BIG
• Trillions of records–Massive databases
Big GIS data
Really big data
Affordable hi-res satellite imagery
Open Drone Map
3D GIS – Google Earth, Apple Maps –photo-realistic 3D models
3D GIS – underground (oil, gas)
Wrap-up: The evolution of GIS
• Draw a map draw a map using a computer draw a smart map that knows stuff about itself use a computerized map to perform spatial analyses perform spatial analysis, present result(s) on a map (or not)
– Does this address have water service? 123 Main Street 08873
– A series of spatial queries locate address overlay waterline buffer YES / NO
GIS – the road ahead
• GIS EVERYWHERE (in the background)
• Database-driven (spatial IT)
• More spatial, fewer maps
• Massive high-accuracy spatial datasets
• Raster / drones / image analysis
• Open and distributed
• Indoor navigation (IPS)
• Autonomous cars
