the extraordinary properties of water
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The Extraordinary Properties of Water. Where there’s life……there’s water!!!. H. H. Water. A water molecule (H 2 O), is made up of three atoms --- one oxygen and two hydrogen. O. Water is Polar. Having positively and negatively charged sides. The oxygen end “acts” negative - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Extraordinary Properties The Extraordinary Properties of Waterof Water
Where there’s life……there’s water!!!
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WaterWater• A water molecule (H2O), is made up
of threethree atoms --- one oxygenoxygen and two hydrogenhydrogen. H
HO
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Water is Water is PolarPolar• Having positivelypositively and
negativelynegatively charged sides.
• The oxygenoxygen end “acts” negativenegative
• The hydrogenhydrogen end “acts” positivepositive
•The term “POLARITY” means the molecule has an uneven distribution of electrons
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What are What are the the
Properties Properties of Water?of Water?
The Universal Solvent
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Properties of WaterProperties of Water
• CohesionCohesion
• AdhesionAdhesion
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Cohesion – “Co” meansCohesion – “Co” means“With or Together”“With or Together”
• Attraction betweenAttraction between similarsimilar substancessubstances
(( why water is attracted to itself)why water is attracted to itself)
• Due to Due to HydrogenHydrogen bondsbonds
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Cohesion Cohesion • Produces a surface film on water called Produces a surface film on water called • surface tensionsurface tension that allows insects to that allows insects to
walk on water and leaves to float.walk on water and leaves to float.• Surface Tension - a measure of the Surface Tension - a measure of the
strengthstrength of water’s of water’s surfacesurface
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AdhesionAdhesion• Attraction of HAttraction of H22O to O to
differentdifferent substances substances..• Due to Due to hydrogen hydrogen
bondsbonds
• Ex:paper towels Ex:paper towels soak up water, soak up water, meniscus in a meniscus in a graduated cylinder.graduated cylinder.
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Adhesion Also Causes Water to …Adhesion Also Causes Water to …
Form spheres & hold onto
plant leaves
Attach to a silken spider
web
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Both Cohesion and Adhesion Both Cohesion and Adhesion Causes Causes
Capillary ActionCapillary Action
Capillary action gives water the ability to “climb”
structures
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High Specific HeatHigh Specific Heat• Amount of heat needed to raise the Amount of heat needed to raise the
temptemp ofof 1g of H1g of H22O 1° CO 1° C..
• Water has a very Water has a very HIGHHIGH specific specific heat.heat.
• Crucial in temperature stabilityCrucial in temperature stability in in living systems to maintain living systems to maintain homeostasis.homeostasis.
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High Heat of VaporizationHigh Heat of Vaporization
• Amount of energy to convert 1g Amount of energy to convert 1g water from a water from a liquid to a liquid to a gas.gas.
• Called Called vaporization vaporization oror evaporationevaporation
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High Heat of VaporizationHigh Heat of Vaporization• As water evaporates, it removes a As water evaporates, it removes a
lot of lot of heatheat with it (cooling effect). with it (cooling effect).
• Ex: evaporation of Ex: evaporation of sweatsweat from the from the bodybody
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Water is Less Dense as a SolidWater is Less Dense as a Solid• Ice is Ice is less denseless dense
as a solid than as
a liquid –
therefore it floats
• Other materials
contract when
they solidify, but
water expands.
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Water is Less Dense as a SolidWater is Less Dense as a Solid
•Which is ice and which is water?Which is ice and which is water?
WaterWater IceIce
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Water is a SolventWater is a Solvent• Solvent:Solvent: any substance that dissolves any substance that dissolves
other substances.other substances.• Water is aWater is a veryvery versatileversatile solventsolvent• Other Other polarpolar substances dissolve easily in substances dissolve easily in
water.water.
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SolutionSolution• Mixture of Mixture of 2 or more substances. 2 or more substances.
• Evenly distributedEvenly distributed
+ +
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MIXTUREMIXTUREMaterials composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed but not chemically combined.
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Hydrophilic (“water-loving” )
• substances that dissolve easily in water are known as water soluble.
• Examples: salts, polar compounds (sugar).
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Hydrophobic (means “water-fearing”)
• substances that do not dissolve easily in water separate and are known as insoluble..
• Examples: oils, fats, lipids, waxes.
• These substances are non-polar.
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Acids, Bases and pHAcids, Bases and pHOne water molecule in 550 million One water molecule in 550 million
naturally dissociates into a naturally dissociates into a Hydrogen Ion (HHydrogen Ion (H++) and a Hydroxide ) and a Hydroxide Ion (OHIon (OH--))
Hydrogen Ion Hydroxide Hydrogen Ion Hydroxide IonIon
Acid Acid BaseBase
H2O H+ + OH-
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The pH ScaleThe pH Scale• Ranges from 0 to 14
• Measures strength of an acid or base by concentration of H+ ions and OH- ions.
• Pure Water has a pH level of 7.
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AcidsAcids• Substance that contains high concentration of H+ ions.
• pH of acids range from 0-6
• Strong acids have a pH of 1-3
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BasesBases• Substance that have lower concentrations of H+ ions thus increasing OHOH- - ionsions
• Bases have a pH value range from 8 to 14.
• Strong Bases have a pH of 11 to 14
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BuffersBuffers• Weak acids or bases that react with
strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH (neutralization).
• Produced naturally by the body to Produced naturally by the body to maintain maintain homeostasishomeostasis
Weak AcidWeak Acid Weak Weak BaseBase