the fastest cipher vsc: evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · the fastest stream cipher...

44
The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic randomness and implementation efficiency Ken Umeno, Songju Kim and Akio Hasegawa Communications Research Laboratory, Japan Contact Email: [email protected] Tel: 042-327-6399 Fax: 042-327-6299

Upload: others

Post on 16-Mar-2021

3 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps

The fastest cipher VSC:Evaluation of

its cryptographic randomness and implementation efficiency

Ken Umeno, Songju Kim and Akio HasegawaCommunications Research Laboratory, Japan

Contact Email: [email protected] Tel: 042-327-6399 Fax: 042-327-6299

Page 2: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

Introduction

The VSC( Vector Stream cipher) is based on the Chaos Algorithm

developed at Communications Research Laboratory(CRL), Japan

This algorithm can be implemented both

in Hardware as well as Software with highest efficiency.

Demonstrations of the Encryption / Decryption process using hardware

And software ( file & image)are shown in the following slides.

Press Release :

http://www2.crl.go.jp/pub/whatsnew/press/030415-1/030415-1.html

Page 3: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

Motivation for Our Security ResearchMotivation for Our Security Research

・Scalable TechnologiesQuestion for example:

Is quantum cyrptology scalable?

・Limiting TechnologiesQuestion for example:

Is there a limit for implementation

(Gate-Usage) efficiency [bps/Gate]?

Page 4: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

Markets• Video security and copyright protection• Mobile market – Low power, cost, overhead

such as wireless lan and cellular phone• Set-top market• Corporate• PC• Database (awarded VSC applied product “eCipherGate” )

http://www.gear.ne.jp/sanken/singijyutu/2002/15th.htmhttp://www.jit-g.co.jp/pdf/eciphergate.pdf

• New

Page 5: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

Features

• Full Scalable Cipher Chip Architecture

• The fastest encryption speed record ( 25.6 Gbps )

• Reconfigurable Chip Implementation

• FIPS140-2, NIST800-22 Randomness Test Passed

• Patented Technology ( JP3030341 and U.S. Patent filed. )

• 14.85 Gbps Encryption, Transmission and Decryption of HDTV Signals (the fastest processing speed for system with encryption, transmission and decryption)

Page 6: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

Technical Description of Demo System

EncryptedImage

DecryptedImage

encipheringInput

FPGAIC

IC

FPGA

IC

deciphering

videodecoder

videoencoder

videoencoder

VideoCamera

Output Output

Encrypted Data

LVDS cable

Page 7: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

Hardware Implementation of 1Gbps Realtime Video Encryption

Original Movie Picture Encrypted Movie Picture Decrypted Movie Picture

Page 8: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

暗号鍵更新部の概要(From IEICE Report ISEC2002-141(2003-03))

• IV(Initialization Vector)のアイディアを使う

 (IVを用いて暗号鍵を更新する)

• IVとして以前に送った暗号文の一部を用いる

 (送信データを増やさない)

• SYNC信号で暗号鍵の更新を行う

 (暗号化前のシステムで使っている信号を使う)

Page 9: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

鍵更新部の概要(送信側)

Page 10: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

鍵更新システムの概要(受信側)

Page 11: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

送信側の暗号化部の構成

Page 12: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

受信側の復号化部の構成

Page 13: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

Hardware Implementation of 14.85Gbps Realtime HDTV Encryption

Whole System Encryption and Decryption Board

Press Release:http://www2.crl.go.jp/pub/whatsnew/press/030415-1/030415-1.html

Page 14: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

HDTV Encryption versus NTSC EncryptionEncrypted HDTV Signals Encrypted NTSC Signals

14.85Gbps Encryption 1Gbps Encryption

Page 15: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

HDTV Decryption versus NTSC DecryptionDecrypted HDTV Signals  v.s. Decrypted NTSC Signals

14.85Gbps Decryption 1Gbps Decryption

Page 16: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

Scalability Features in Encryption

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

80 480 960

1Gbps

200Mbps

Gate Size

Key Length [bit]

Page 17: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

 Basic Concept of Chaos Algorithm (Ex. 3D Case )      Y(1)       Z(1)X(1)

Digital Chaotic MapX(2)=F(X(1))

Digital Chaotic Map with a parameter

Y(2)=G(X(2),Y(1))

Digital Chaotic Mapwith a parameter

Z(2)=G(Y(2),Z(1))

Y(2)X(2) Z(2)

BitBit  RotationRotation

Page 18: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

File Encryption

Technical Specifications :-

• All types of files

• Preview for BMP, GIF & JPEG Files

• Various Key choices ( 64 ,128 , 256& 512) bit keys

• Speed 200+ Mbps

• Combination of Password and Key

• Supports all file formats

• AES,AES Counter Mode and ChaosEncryption algorithms supported forcomparison of each mode.

Page 19: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

File Encryption

After Encryption :-

• The randomness of the algorithm can be clearly seen in the Display

• Time or Speed display can be viewed

• User can supply a password whileusing the Chaos algorithm

Page 20: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

FIPS PUB 140-2

• FIPS PUB(= Federal Information Processing Standards Publication)

• Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules

• FIPS 140-1 (January 11, 1994)• FIPS 140-2 (May 25, 2001) http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/140-2.htm

Page 21: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

FIPS 140-2 乱数テスト

• 20,000ビットのビット列に対して

  ・ monobit test  ・ poker test  ・ runs test  ・ long runs test の4つのテストを行い、結果がある決められた

範囲に入っていれば合格とする。

Page 22: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

FIPS 140-2 乱数テストの問題点

• 一つの20,000ビットのビット列だけに対するテストである

• 線形複雑度に関するテストがない

 → 予測困難性をテストできない

• 周期性に関するテストがない

 → 周期20,000以下の周期ビット列でも

   4つのテストに合格できる

など

Page 23: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

 

 FIPS 140-2 乱数テストだけで暗号用の擬似

乱数発生器の評価をするのは不十分である。

 NIST 800-22 乱数テストでは、FIPS 140-2 乱数テストでの問題点が改善されている。

Page 24: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

NISTの統計テストによる評価

“A Statistical Test suite for Random and Pseudorandom Number Generators for Cryptographic Applications”

National Institute of Standards and Technology(2001)

http://csrc.nist.gov/rng/

Page 25: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

NISTの統計テストの種類-1

Non-overlapping Template Matching7Overlapping Template Matching8

Discrete Fourier Transform6Binary Matrix Rank5Longest Run4Runs3Block Frequency2Frequency1

TEST NAMENUMBER

Page 26: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

NISTの統計テストの種類-2

Random Excursions15Cumulative Sums14

Random Excursions Variant16

Approximate Entropy13Serial12Linear Complexity11Lempel Ziv Compression10Universal9

TEST NAMENUMBER

Page 27: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

P-valueとは

Page 28: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

P-valueとは(つづき)

P-value ≥ α(0.01)

のとき「サクセス」

Page 29: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

統計テスト結果の評価方法

• P-valueの一様性 p-value of p-value ≥ 0.0001 ([0,1]を10個のBOXに分けた場合のp-valueの頻度分布Fiに対するカイ

二乗値をχ2)p-value of p-value: igamc( 9/2, χ2 /2 ),

where igamc(n,x) is an incomplete gamma function.• サクセス率 特定の範囲 : 1-α±3√α(1-α)/m

          (μ±3σ)/m 99.97%

         

Page 30: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

統計テストのパラメタ

20000Block Frequency

10Approximate Entropy10Serial

500 (5000)Linear Complexity

7(1280)

Universal(Initialization Steps)

9Template Matching

BLOCK LENGTH[bit]TEST NAME

n=10,6 α=0.01, 1000サンプル

Page 31: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

NIST800-22テスト結果(カオス-VSC128)

passedpassed10

Lempel-Zivpassed 9

Lempel-Zivpassed 8

passedNOTM, REX 7

NOTM(3), OTM, AE, LZNOTM(4), OTM 6

passedpassed 5

passedpassed 4

passedpassed 3

passedpassed 2

passed   NOTM 1

 P-valueの一様性   サクセス率初期値 

Page 32: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

カオス-VSC128 (初期値1,2)

Page 33: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

カオス-VSC128 (初期値3,4)

Page 34: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

カオス-VSC128 (初期値5,6)

Page 35: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

カオス-VSC128 (初期値7,8)

Page 36: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

カオス-VSC128 (初期値9,10)

Page 37: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

NIST800-22テスト結果(SHA1)

Lempel-Zivpassed10

passedpassed 9

passedNOTM 8

passedNOTM(2) 7

passedNOTM, REX, REXV 6

Lempel-Zivpassed 5

FFTNOTM(2) 4

passedNOTM(2) 3

Lempel-Zivpassed 2

passedpassed 1

P-valueの一様性   サクセス率初期値

Page 38: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

NISTテスト結果(AES128bit key)

FFTpassed 4

passedNOTM 3

passedNOTM(2), Serial 2 

NOTM(2)NOTM, REX 1

P-valueの一様性サクセス率初期値

Page 39: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

NISTテスト結果(RC4 256bit key)

Lempel-Zivpassed4

passedpassed3

passedNOTM, Lempel-Ziv2

passedNOTM1

P-valueの一様性サクセス率key

Page 40: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

From IEICE Report ISEC2002-142(2003-03)

セルオートマトン暗号のランダム性評価と実装

独立行政法人 通信総合研究所理事長ファンド カオス暗号チップG

金 成主、 長谷川 晃朗、 梅野 健

Page 41: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

CA Rule 30+Rotation

Page 42: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

VSC実装効率評価[Target Device:Xilinx Vertex-II XC2V1000]

193.57.0357.0536,323VSC128

182.212.8850.3370,703VSC256

181.625.6250.05141,112VSC512

134.621.0620.57156,479VSC1024

実装効率

[Kbps/Gate]

暗号

処理

速度

[Gbps]

クロック

周波数

[MHz]

ゲートサイズ

[Gate]

VSCアルゴリズム

の種類

Page 43: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

Future Roadmap[April-July 2003]

VSC Internal Evaluation Period (Cryptological Attacks)

[April-July 2003]VSC Patent Licensing with special

licensing fee.http://www2.crl.go.jp/kk/e416/tokkyo/koukai/detail/411.htm

[August 2003]We will launch a VSC consortium at CRL.

Page 44: The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic ...2003/04/16  · The fastest stream cipher in the world at 25 Gbps The fastest cipher VSC: Evaluation of its cryptographic

VSC – Realizing the target of

”SAFE COMMUNICATIONS”

Thank You

Contact Email: [email protected] Tel: 042-327-6399 Fax: 042-327-6299