the fight for the west
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The Fight for the West. Native Americans and their role in western expansion. Stage Set for Conflict. Plains Indians thrived due to abundance of buffalo – used for food, clothing, shelter They led a nomadic lifestyle (they followed the food) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Fight for the WestThe Fight for the West
Native Americans and their role in Native Americans and their role in western expansionwestern expansion
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Stage Set for ConflictStage Set for Conflict• Plains Indians thrived due to abundance of
buffalo – used for food, clothing, shelter
• They led a nomadic lifestyle (they followed the food)
• They did not believe land should be bought or sold
• US govt. and most white settlers disagreed – land should be divided and claimed, often backed out of deals with Natives
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BuffaloBuffalo
• Used in over 52 ways by Plains Indians
• Examples – food, shelter, weapons, clothing, bowls, shoes, dolls, rattles, glue
• Destroying buffalo = destroying a way of life
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Destruction of BuffaloDestruction of Buffalo• 60 million buffalo in 1800, less than 1,000
remained by 1894
• Settlers and railroads reduced grazing land and cut off migration routes
• Livestock brought disease to buffalo
• Purposely destroyed to force Indians onto reservations
• Also hunted for sport and profit
• Forced Natives onto reservations
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The Ghost DanceThe Ghost Dance• Natives turned to religion to cope with
struggle
• Ghost Dance performed for 5 nights
• Belief that it would lead to the departure of the White man and the return of the buffalo
• caused more harm than good
• it scared whites, government took action
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Sand Creek Massacre – Sand Creek Massacre – 18641864
• Indian raids caused much ill-will between the settlers and tribes in Colorado territory
• Black Kettle (Cheyenne leader) and his tribe offered amnesty
• Indians believed they were protected, came into a camp, flew a white flag of peace
• Col. John Chivington and troops killed and mutilated about 200 of the Indians, 2/3 were women and children.
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Battle of the Little Bighorn - Battle of the Little Bighorn - 18761876• raids continued against settlers who moved onto
Sioux land in Montana territory• Sioux refused to return to reservations• Sioux leader, Sitting Bull, had a vision of a win
over US soldiers. • This insulted Lt. Colonel George Custer. • Custer led his troops into poorly planned attack • his troops were severely outnumbered and
quickly killed by the Sioux
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• short lived victory for the Natives • government determined to end Native
American resistance
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The Wounded Knee MassacreThe Wounded Knee Massacre • Sitting Bull was killed by Indian Agency police
due to his support of the Ghost Dance (1890)
• Sioux tribe surrendered and were taken to Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
• A gun went off (conflicting stories)
• U.S soldiers massacred Sioux men, women and children
• ended a long and bloody conflict between the army and the Plains Indians
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Sitting BullSitting Bull
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Resistance in the NorthwestResistance in the Northwest• Nez Perce moved onto a shrinking reservation• Chief Joseph tried to lead his tribe into Canada • stopped before he could get there and moved back
Resistance in the Southwest• Geronimo and others fled a reservation in AZ to lead
raids on settlements• He was eventually caught and sent to an internment
camp in FL• marked the end of armed resistance in the Southwest
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Geronimo
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Government PolicyGovernment Policy• 1850s- 1870s – put Natives onto reservations
and keep them separated
• policy changed in the 1870s
• Natives were forced to get rid of all traditional cultures and adopt the culture of white America.
• “kill the Indian and save the man”
• Americanization (this is an important term)
• Bureau of Indian Affairs established
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These boys have been Americanized – they look like, talk like, and dress like a real American
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Dawes ActDawes Act• Dawes Act of 1887
• split up reservations among individuals in the Native American tribes
• promised them citizenship
• gave them the less productive land and sold off the best
• little support given to the Natives in regards to tools and supplies
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In the EndIn the End
• Tribes across America are decimated
• The young are taken from their parents
• After resisting for decades, Natives give up and settle on reservations
• The West becomes a part of the U.S and it remains so today
• Today, tribes struggle with poverty, addiction, etc.