the first amendment by michael flax. the first amendment five parts
TRANSCRIPT
The First Amendment
By Michael Flax
The First Amendment
• Five Parts
The First Amendment
• Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of RELIGION, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the FREEDOM OF SPEECH, or of THE PRESS; or the RIGHT of the people peaceably TO ASSEMBLE, and TO PETITION the Government for a redress of grievances.
The First Amendment
• Freedom of Speech• Freedom of the Press• Freedom of Religion• Freedom to Peaceably Assemble• Freedom to Petition
Freedom of Speech
By Michael Flax
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Freedom of Speech
• Most courts have divided student speech into these three categories: – I. Vulgar, lewd, obscene, and plainly offensive
speech (Fraser standard)1 – II. School-sponsored speech (Hazelwood
standard)– III. All other student speech (Tinker standard) 2
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Tinker v. Des Moines School Dist., 393 U.S. 503 (Year_____) • Several students planned to wear black
armbands to school to protest U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War and mourn the dead on all sides.
• ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Tinker v. Des Moines School Dist.
• The students nonetheless wore the armbands to school.
• _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Tinker v. Des Moines School Dist.
• Issue–Whether school officials can censor
non-violent student speech without showing that the speech will cause a material and substantial disruption of school educational activities or collide with the rights of others.
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Tinker v. Des Moines School Dist.
• By a _____ vote, the Court held that school officials cannot censor student speech unless _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Tinker v. Des Moines School Dist.• School officials’ duties to provide a safe
learning environment must be balanced against students’ free-expression rights.
• _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
• _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Tinker v. Des Moines School Dist.
• "It can hardly be argued that either students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate." (Justice _____________)
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Tinker v. Des Moines School Dist.
• Opposing Justice said:• I wish, therefore, wholly to disclaim any
purpose on my part to hold that the Federal Constitution compels the teachers, parents, and elected school officials _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________." (Justice ________________)
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Bethel School Dist. No. 403 v. Fraser, 478 U.S. 675 (year _____)
• A public high school student delivered a nominating speech on behalf of another student at a student assembly.
• _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Bethel School Dist. No. 403 v. Fraser
• ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
• The student contended that the suspension violated his First Amendment rights because his speech caused no disruption of school activities within the meaning of Tinker.
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Bethel School Dist. No. 403 v. Fraser
• Issue–Whether school officials may prohibit a
vulgar and lewd student speech at a student assembly even if the speech does not create a substantial disruption.
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Bethel School Dist. No. 403 v. Fraser
• In a _____ decision, the Court held that school officials may prohibit student speech _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Bethel School Dist. No. 403 v. Fraser
• “Surely, it is a highly appropriate function of public school education to prohibit the use of vulgar and offensive terms in public discourse.”
• The vulgar sexual allusions of the student in this case differ markedly from the pure political message of the black-armband case of Tinker.
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Bethel School Dist. No. 403 v. Fraser
• _________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
• They were punishing the student for using vulgar and lewd terms at a student assembly.
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Bethel School Dist. No. 403 v. Fraser• For:
• “The undoubted freedom to advocate unpopular and controversial views in schools and classrooms must be balanced against the society's countervailing interest in teaching students the boundaries of socially appropriate behavior.” (Justice____________________________)
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Bethel School Dist. No. 403 v. Fraser• Against:
• “It does seem to me, however, that if a student is to be punished for using offensive speech, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.” (Justice _____________________)
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Work Cited• 1 A few courts have determined that the Fraser case only applies to vulgar
student speech that is school sponsored. See D.G. v. Independent Sch. Dist. No. 11, 2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12197 (N.D. Okl.)(8/21/2000).
• 2 See Chandler v. McMinnville Sch. Dist., 978 F.2d 524 (9th Cir. 1992).• http://www.firstamendmentschools.org/freedoms/case.aspx?id=404• http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/news.aspx?id=15233• http://www.firstamendmentschools.org/freedoms/case.aspx?id=35• http://www.freedomforum.org/templates/document.asp?documentID=1370