the first americans: chapter 1 lesson 1
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The First Americans: Chapter 1 Lesson 1. Migration to the Americas. How do we study the past?. Archaeologists are scientists who study ancient peoples. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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THE FIRST AMERICANS: CHAPTER 1 LESSON 1Migration to the Americas
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How do we study the past?• Archaeologists are scientists who
study ancient peoples.• They have used artifacts (objects left
behind)and other evidence that supports a theory about the origins of some of the first people to arrive in the Americas.
• The evidence indicates that some ancient people crossed a strip of land that once linked Asia and the Americas about 20,000 years ago.
• Scientists use a process called carbon dating to measure the age of various artifacts. Video
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What is a Native American?• Terms:
• Native: a person born in a specific area.
• American: Belonging to the Americas
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Who came to the Americas, and when?
• Europeans came to the Americas around 1492CE. • Native Americans crossed the land bridge from Asia into
the Americas 20,000 years ago.• Vocab word: migrate/ migration – movement of people
from one area to another • Why do you think these Native people migrated?
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Ice Age• The Ice Age, which began about
100,000 years ago, caused a lot of the water from the oceans to freeze into glaciers (sheets of ice).
• This made the oceans lower, exposing the land bridge, known as Beringia, running from Siberia to what is now Alaska.
• This area now lies beneath the Bering Strait (a strait is a narrow body of water that connects two larger ones)
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What is a Land Bridge?
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Land Bridge• A large number of people
crossed this land bridge and spread out across the Americas in search of food.
• Around 15,000 years ago, the ice age began to end.
• Over several thousand years, the glaciers melted and oceans levels rose.
• The rising oceans covered the land bridge.
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Nomads• Early Americans were
referred to nomads (people who moved from place to place to find food).
• Around 10,000 years ago, people in what is now Mexico began farming crops such as maize (type of corn), pumpkins, beans, and squash.
• Farming offered a stable source of food, which meant people did not have to move constantly.
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Why do people migrate?• Where do you migrate to?• Why do you migrate to those places?• Why do you think Native Americans came to America?
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Hunting• The first Americans were hunters• They hunted huge mammals, including bison, mastodons
and mammoths
Bison(also called buffalo)Mammoth: extinct; extremely large and could feed a group for months
Mastodon: also extinct
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Change from hunting to farming
Agriculture – the science or practice of farming• Poll: What is easier, hunting or farming?
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Farming overtakes hunting• SOME (not all) groups of
Native Americans began to farm.
• Farming was much easier and more reliable than hunting.
• They planted seeds and waited for crops to grow.
• They had to stay in one place to wait for their crops, so those who farmed became sedentary rather than nomadic.
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Farming’s effects• Population increases due to
increased amount of food and health
• Because people weren’t using as much time hunting food they had time to do other things like develop governments, religions, technology and new ideas.
• Because of this, GROUPS THAT FARMED TENDED TO BECOME THE MOST ADVANCED, whereas those who hunted tended to be less advanced (in terms of technology, political system, social organization.)
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Culture• Each group, or tribe, of Native Americans had its own
culture (shared traditions and behaviors). • What type of cultures do you have? Do they differ in
different settings (example: home, school, activities)• How might the culture of a group that farms differ from a
group that hunts?
Think/pair/share
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Closure• Write three examples of a nomad• Come up with three reasons why someone would move
from place to place.• Why is farming better than hunting? Why benefits did
farmers have that hunters did not?