George WashingtonThe First PresidentEssential Question: What decisions did Washington and the new Congress have to make about the new government?

What challenges did Washington face during his presidency?

TN Standard 8.35- Analyze the major events of George Washington's presidency, including Pinckney's Treaty, Jay's Treaty, Whiskey Rebellion, and precedents set in the Farewell Address.

Washington Takes OfficeThe new Constitution called for a strong executive branch headed by a presidentWashington is elected w/ John Adams as his VPWashington knew his actions would set “precedents”Washington set the standard for the office of president

The CabinetA group of advisors to the presidentThree department heads: Jefferson, Hamilton, and KnoxThe president was given the power to dismiss members without Senate’s approval

CheckpointHow was the presidency different under the new Constitution?Who were the members of Washington’s first cabinet?

Establishing the Court System

Some members of Congress wanted a uniform court systemJudiciary Act of 1789States kept their own court system and laws but federal courts could reverse state court decisionsJohn Jay was chosen as first chief justice of the Supreme Court

CheckpointWhy was the Judiciary Act of 1789 passed?Who was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?

The New EconomyFinancial issues were handled by Alexander Hamilton (Secretary of the Treasury)Federal and state governments owed lots of money to other countries AND U.S. citizensHamilton’s job was to fix the nation’s economy

Hamilton’s PlanThe government needed a way to borrow moneyThe government had to prove that it would pay back money it owedHe proposed that the federal government would take over and pay states’ wartime debts

Opposition to Hamilton’s Plan

Government had issued bonds (notes promising repayment) during the RevolutionMany bond owners sold their bonds for less Hamilton was wanting to pay off debts at the original valueSouthern states owed lessHamilton wanted the entire nation to repay debts as a wholeSouthern states did not like having to pay the debts of other states

CheckpointWho was the Secretary of the Treasury under Washington?What did the government agree to pay for under Hamilton’s plan?Why did some states disagree with Hamilton’s economic plan?

Compromise and a Capital

Hamilton made a deal with Southern statesIf they agreed to help pay off the debt, he would support relocating the nation’s capital to the SouthCongress set up a special district between Virginia and Maryland (Washington, D.C.)

The Fight for a National Bank

Hamilton wanted a national bank to hold government money and pay debtsIt would create a single form of currencyThomas Jefferson and James Madison opposed because they believed it would help the wealthy

Tariffs and TaxesHamilton proposed tariffs (taxes on imports) to raise money for the government and protect American industryThe South had little industry and opposed tariffsCongress approved several taxes, including a tax on whiskeyHamilton’s ideas scared many into thinking that the government was being controlled by the wealthy

CheckpointWhat compromise did Hamilton make with Southern states?What was created by Hamilton for the purpose of establishing a single currency and managing government finances?How did Hamilton raise money for the government?

Trouble in the New Nation

Britain and France were pushing the U.S. to get involved in their conflictsWashington wanted to stay neutralNative Americans fought against American settlers moving west

The Whiskey Rebellion1791- Congress taxed the manufacture and sale of whiskey

Farmers in Western PA were enraged

In July, 1794, they burned buildings and attacked tax collectors

Leaders viewed this as a challenge to the new government

Washington sent troops to stop the rebellion

The message to the public was that the government would use force if necessary

Washington Struggles to Stay Neutral

The French were trying to lure the U.S. into conflict with Great BritainWashington issued the Proclamation of NeutralityBritain challenged this neutrality by capturing American ships that traded with the French (impressment)

CheckpointWhich rebellion occurred during Washington’s presidency?How did Washington feel about America’s role in international conflicts?

Jay’s TreatyWashington send John Jay to Britain to solve the issueThe British agreed to withdraw from American soilMany Americans disagreed with the treaty but it was passed with a close vote in the Senate

Pinckney’s TreatyJay’s Treaty worried the Spanish (they feared U.S. and Britain would work together against them)Washington sent Thomas Pinckney to settle issues with Spain.Gave Americans the right to travel the MS River and trade in New Orleans

Washington’s Farewell Address

Washington decided not to seek a third term“observe good faith and justice toward all nations…”“…steer clear of permanent alliances”Warned against the threat of growing political parties.

CheckpointWhich treaty indicated that the British had to leave American soil?Which treaty opened the MS River for travel by the USA?According to his farewell address, what was Washington’s greatest fear?

SummarizerCreate 5 multiple choice quiz questions over Washington’s presidency