The First Presidents

Rise of the People, Growth of A Nation

Background: United States in 1789• 9 out of 10

Americans were farmers

• 13 states in the United States

• Population was about 4,000,000

• More people on the way from Europe & Africa

1: George Washington (1789-1797)

• Did not belong to any political party

• Tried to unify the country• Vermont, Kentucky,

Tennessee became new states

• Was leader of Continental Army

2: John Adams (1797-1801)

• Federalist Party• Did what Alexander

Hamilton wanted him to do

• Tried to get rid of Free Speech with Alien and Sedition Acts

• Was Washington’s vice president

3: Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)

• Democratic-Republican• Wanted a country of small

farmers• Doubled the size of United

States with Louisiana Purchase

• Ohio a new state• Was Washington’s

Secretary of State

4: James Madison (1809-1817)

• Democratic-Republican• Was Jefferson’s

Secretary of State• Won the War of 1812,

industry began to grow• Louisiana and Indiana

became new states

5: James Monroe (1817-1825)

• Democratic-Republican• Was Madison’s Secretary

of State• Told Europe to stay out

of the New World• Mississippi, Illinois,

Alabama, Maine and Missouri new states

6: John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)

• Democratic-Republican• Was Monroe’s Secretary

of State• Barely won the

presidency• Led to the split of the

Democratic-Republicans

End of an Era: United States in 1829

• 8 out of 10 Americans were farmers

• 24 states in the United States

• Population was about 13,000,000

• Still more people on the way from different areas

Three Great Speeches…

Washington, Jefferson, and John Quincy Adams

Washington’s Farewell• Gave this speech in

1797 as he left office

• Warned against political parties, which he called “factions”

• Also cautioned against alliances with foreign countries

Jefferson’s Inauguration• Gave this speech

right after he became president in 1801

• Told people that they needed to work together

• Tried to bring people together after a rough election

• Wanted to calm fears of Federalists

John Quincy Adam’s 4th of July Speech• Gave this speech to

Congress in 1821• Said that America

would not try to get colonies like Europe had

• Also warned Europeans countries to stay out of the Americas

• Foreign Policy!

Similarities?

• In looking at our notes from the 3 speeches, what do they all have in common?

Answer!

• We are all Americans!• All united under one cause and

under one government system that works!

Important Speeches• Find the following 3 speeches in your book:– George Washington’s Farewell Address, p. 148– Thomas Jefferson’s Inaugural Address, p. 436– John Q. Adams Fourth of July Address, p. 437

• On a separate sheet of paper, do the following:– Read each speech carefully– Rewrite the speech in your own words

• For Washington’s speech summarize what the book says about the importance of his speech and answer the questions.

• Then answer the following questions (use books):– When was this speech given?– What is this speech about?– What is this speech trying to do?– Why do you think this speech is considered important?

Daily Quiz: Class Style• What political party were four of the six

first presidents a part of?• What political party was George

Washington in?• What happened the percentage of

farmers in the United States over time?• Who was the only Federalist president?

Supreme Court Cases

Growth of Capitalism

McCulloch v. Maryland: Background

• The Bank of the United States began to open banks in different states

• Opened one in Maryland• Maryland got mad and

charged a special tax on the bank

• McCulloch, leader of the bank, refused to pay

McCulloch v. Maryland: Outcome• In 1819, the case went to

the Supreme Court• Court ruled that

Maryland was wrong• Said the Constitution

gave the federal government “implied powers” to run the country that were not specifically listed

• Increased the federal government’s power

Gibbons v. Ogden: Background• Gibbons was a guy who

ran a boat service that was licensed by Congress

• Ogden had a boat service licensed by New York

• Ogden got New York to block Gibbons from coming into the state

• Gibbons sued for entry into the state

Gibbons v. Ogden: Outcome

• In 1824, the case went to the Supreme Court

• Court ruled that Gibbons could go into New York

• Said whatever decision Congress made about business would override state decisions

• Meant states could not protect their own businesspeople

Jackson and the National Bank

Face off…

Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)• Champion of the people• Thought that the Bank of the

United States benefited the rich at expense of farmers and workers.

• Bank had a monopoly on federal deposits.

• “Slay the monster”• Jackson “starved” the banks to

death by not depositing federal money into them. Deposited money into state banks.

So what?

• What did Andrew Jackson and the Supreme Court cases show about the United States government?

That’s what!

1. McCullough vs. Maryland and Gibbons vs. Ogden increased the power of the federal government by ruling against the state.

2. Jackson increased power of the presidency and made it more responsive to what the public wanted.

Art, Music, and Literature

The Rise of American Nationhood

Art

• It was the first pure American art thus giving the nation a distinct artistic identity.

Music

• Until 19th Century majority of music was heard in church.

• Many songs inspired by spirituals created by slaves.

• Patriotic songs were very popular.• The first early American musical traditions

were created!

Two Authors, Many Books

Cooper and Irving

Cooper (Part 1 of 2)• James Fenimore Cooper

was an author from New York who lived from 1789 to 1851

• One of the first famous American Writers

• His books became famous in the United States and Europe

• Wrote historical realistic fiction

Cooper (Part 2 of 2)• Cooper wrote books

about the American frontier

• Main character was a white frontiersman raised by Indians

• Often idealized relations betweens whites and Indians

• Wrote The Deerslayer and The Last of the Mohicans

Irving (Part 1 of 2)• Washington Irving was

an author from New York who lived from 1783 to 1859

• One of the first famous American writers

• His stories are still popular today around the world

• Wrote fictional stories

Irving (Part 2 of 2)• Irving wrote many

fictional short stories based in New York

• Wrote Rip Van Winkle, about a man who fell asleep for 20 years

• Wrote Sleepy Hollow, about a headless horseman

Summary

• Art, Music, and Literature helped shape the identity of early America and contributed to a growing sense of national pride, or nationhood.