The Flowering of The Flowering of Medieval CivilizationMedieval Civilization

Chapter 9Chapter 9

I. Cultural DevelopmentsI. Cultural Developments

A. The Rise of UniversitiesA. The Rise of Universities1. Monastic and Cathedral Schools1. Monastic and Cathedral Schools

Cathedral or bishop’s schoolCathedral or bishop’s school ChancellorChancellor ““Masters”Masters” ““Goliardic” versesGoliardic” verses

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Map 9.1 Great Monastic Centers Map 9.1 Great Monastic Centers of Learningof Learning

Monastic centers remained the repositories of manuscripts and the chief centers for training not only monks and nuns, but also some laymen and women. Where were the greatest concentrations of monasteries? Why did Spain have so few monasteries in this period?

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I. Cultural DevelopmentsI. Cultural Developments

A. The Rise of UniversitiesA. The Rise of Universities2. Universities2. Universities

UniversitasUniversitas

3. Italian Universities3. Italian Universities University of BolognaUniversity of Bologna Professional orientationProfessional orientation

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Map 9.2 Medieval UniversitiesMap 9.2 Medieval Universities

Starting in Bologna, Salerno, and Paris, universities spread throughout Europe. While some students became priests, many became administrators in various governments, or entered professions such as law and medicine. Where was the chief concentration of universities? What do the founding dates of the universities tell you?

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I. Cultural DevelopmentsI. Cultural Developments

A. The Rise of UniversitiesA. The Rise of Universities4. The University of Paris4. The University of Paris

BaccalaureateBaccalaureate TriviumTrivium QuadriviumQuadrivium

Advanced degreesAdvanced degrees MedicineMedicine LawLaw Theology Theology

Oxford, Cambridge, PragueOxford, Cambridge, Prague

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I. Cultural DevelopmentsI. Cultural Developments

A. The Rise of UniversitiesA. The Rise of Universities4. The University of Paris4. The University of Paris

Latin QuarterLatin Quarter Robert de SorbonneRobert de Sorbonne

5. University Life5. University Life Town and gown controversiesTown and gown controversies

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I. Cultural DevelopmentsI. Cultural Developments

B. ScholasticismB. Scholasticism Applied dialectic to Christian dogmaApplied dialectic to Christian dogma

1. Anselm of Canterbury1. Anselm of Canterbury

2. Abelard2. Abelard Historia calamitatumHistoria calamitatum Sic et NonSic et Non HHééloloïïsese AstrolabeAstrolabe

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I. Cultural DevelopmentsI. Cultural Developments

B. ScholasticismB. Scholasticism3. Reception of Aristotle3. Reception of Aristotle

4. Thomas Aquinas4. Thomas Aquinas Albertus MagnusAlbertus Magnus Summa contra GentilesSumma contra Gentiles Summa TheologicaSumma Theologica

5. Duns Scotus5. Duns Scotus Centrality of faithCentrality of faith

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I. Cultural DevelopmentsI. Cultural Developments

C. Spiritual Approaches to KnowledgeC. Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge1. Worship of Mary1. Worship of Mary

2. Cistercians and St. Bernard2. Cistercians and St. Bernard CîteauCîteau Bernard of ClairvauxBernard of Clairvaux ““White monks”White monks”

3. Women’s Spirituality3. Women’s Spirituality Hildegard of BingenHildegard of Bingen Marie D’Oignies and BeguinesMarie D’Oignies and Beguines

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I. Cultural DevelopmentsI. Cultural Developments

D. Romanesque ArchitectureD. Romanesque Architecture1. The Romanesque Style1. The Romanesque Style

Stone roofStone roof Barrel or tunnel vaultBarrel or tunnel vault Small windowsSmall windows Groin vaultGroin vault Bay Bay

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I. Cultural DevelopmentsI. Cultural Developments

D. Romanesque ArchitectureD. Romanesque Architecture2. Romanesque Decoration2. Romanesque Decoration

Stone sculpturesStone sculptures AntirealismAntirealism

3. Other Characteristics of Romanesque 3. Other Characteristics of Romanesque StyleStyle

Monastic reformMonastic reform Revival of church ceremonyRevival of church ceremony Gregorian chantGregorian chant Polyphonic musicPolyphonic music

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I. Cultural DevelopmentsI. Cultural Developments

E. The Gothic StyleE. The Gothic Style1. Gothic Architecture1. Gothic Architecture

Abbot Suger’s church at Saint-DenisAbbot Suger’s church at Saint-Denis Pointed archPointed arch Ribbed vaultingRibbed vaulting Flying buttressFlying buttress Large windowsLarge windows

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I. Cultural DevelopmentsI. Cultural Developments

E. The Gothic StyleE. The Gothic Style2. The Gothic Spirit2. The Gothic Spirit

Mystical illuminationMystical illumination CathedralsCathedrals

ChartresChartres SalisburySalisbury ParisParis LincolnLincoln AmiensAmiens CologneCologne RhiemsRhiems

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I. Cultural DevelopmentsI. Cultural Developments

F. Court CultureF. Court Culture1. Chivalry1. Chivalry

CourtesyCourtesy EtiquetteEtiquette Religious devotionReligious devotion

2. Courtly Love2. Courtly Love Eleanor of AquitaineEleanor of Aquitaine Andreas CapellanusAndreas Capellanus

The Art of Courtly LoveThe Art of Courtly Love

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I. Cultural DevelopmentsI. Cultural Developments

F. Court CultureF. Court Culture3. Noblewomen3. Noblewomen

4. Vernacular Literature4. Vernacular Literature Troubadour lyric poetryTroubadour lyric poetry Courtly romanceCourtly romance Marie de FranceMarie de France Chrétien de TroyesChrétien de Troyes

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II. The States of EuropeII. The States of Europe

A. EnglandA. England1. Angevin Kingship1. Angevin Kingship

Henry IHenry I Matilda and Geoffrey of AnjouMatilda and Geoffrey of Anjou Stephen of BloisStephen of Blois Henry of AnjouHenry of Anjou

2. Henry II2. Henry II Marries Eleanor of AquitaineMarries Eleanor of Aquitaine

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II. The States of EuropeII. The States of Europe

A. EnglandA. England3. Itinerant Justices3. Itinerant Justices

““Justices in eyre”Justices in eyre” Sworn inquestSworn inquest Writ Writ JuryJury

Grand juryGrand jury Petty juryPetty jury

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Map 9.3 Map 9.3 Medieval Medieval

England, France, England, France,

and Germanyand Germany

The map indicates the areas belonging to the English kings, the French kings, and those of Germany. Although the Holy Roman Empire appears vast, it was really a collection of independent cities and duchies. Note the small extent of the territory that the French kings originally held and those territories that they gradually added. What was the period of greatest growth? Did English territory in France expand or contractover the centuries?

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II. The States of EuropeII. The States of Europe

A. EnglandA. England4. Common Law4. Common Law

5. Thomas Becket5. Thomas Becket Benefit of clergyBenefit of clergy Constitutions of ClarendonConstitutions of Clarendon CanterburyCanterbury

6. Richard I, the Lion-hearted6. Richard I, the Lion-hearted Third CrusadeThird Crusade

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II. The States of EuropeII. The States of Europe

A. EnglandA. England7. John I7. John I

War with Philip IIWar with Philip II Dispute with Innocent IIIDispute with Innocent III

Stephen LangtonStephen Langton InterdictInterdict

8. Magna Carta8. Magna Carta Battle of BouvinesBattle of Bouvines RunnymedeRunnymede ““Great Charter”Great Charter”

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II. The States of EuropeII. The States of Europe

B. FranceB. France1. Louis VII1. Louis VII

Louis VIILouis VII Eleanor of AquitaineEleanor of Aquitaine

2. Philip II2. Philip II

3. Strengthening the Administration3. Strengthening the Administration BailliBailli Chambre de ComptesChambre de Comptes

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II. The States of EuropeII. The States of Europe

B. FranceB. France4. St. Louis4. St. Louis

Louis VIIILouis VIII Louis IX, St. LouisLouis IX, St. Louis

5. Legal Reforms5. Legal Reforms Extension of royal justiceExtension of royal justice Parlement of ParisParlement of Paris

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II. The States of EuropeII. The States of Europe

C. The Iberian KingdomsC. The Iberian Kingdoms ReconquistaReconquista GranadaGranada Portugal, Aragon, CastilePortugal, Aragon, Castile

1. Strengthening the Monarchies1. Strengthening the Monarchies Alfonso XAlfonso X

Siete PartidasSiete Partidas

2. Cortes2. Cortes

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II. The States of EuropeII. The States of Europe

D. Germany: The Holy Roman EmpireD. Germany: The Holy Roman Empire Elective kingshipElective kingship

1. Frederick I Barbarossa1. Frederick I Barbarossa Goals:Goals:

Consolidate demesne landsConsolidate demesne lands Force great German princes to become his vassalsForce great German princes to become his vassals Enjoy sovereignty of Roman LawEnjoy sovereignty of Roman Law

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II. The States of EuropeII. The States of Europe

D. Germany: The Holy Roman EmpireD. Germany: The Holy Roman Empire2. Italy and the Lombard League2. Italy and the Lombard League

Battle of LegnanoBattle of Legnano Peace of ConstancePeace of Constance

3. Germany and European Leadership3. Germany and European Leadership

4. Henry VI (r. 1190-1197)4. Henry VI (r. 1190-1197) ConstanceConstance

5. Frederick II Hohenstaufen5. Frederick II Hohenstaufen The “first modern ruler”The “first modern ruler”

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II. The States of EuropeII. The States of Europe

D. Germany: The Holy Roman EmpireD. Germany: The Holy Roman Empire6. Fragmentation of Germany6. Fragmentation of Germany

Teutonic KnightsTeutonic Knights BohemiaBohemia LübeckLübeck ““Perpetual Compact” of Swiss cantonsPerpetual Compact” of Swiss cantons

7. Attempt to Control Italy7. Attempt to Control Italy Frederick I and Gregory IXFrederick I and Gregory IX

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II. The States of EuropeII. The States of Europe

D. Germany: The Holy Roman EmpireD. Germany: The Holy Roman Empire8. Sicily and Germany after 12508. Sicily and Germany after 1250

Political fragmentation of GermanyPolitical fragmentation of Germany Constitutional reorganization in SicilyConstitutional reorganization in Sicily

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III. The ChurchIII. The Church

A. The Growth of HeresyA. The Growth of Heresy1. Appeal of Heresies1. Appeal of Heresies

2. Waldensians2. Waldensians Peter WaldoPeter Waldo Lateran Council of 1215Lateran Council of 1215

3. Albigensians, or Cathari3. Albigensians, or Cathari Albi, LanguedocAlbi, Languedoc Dualistic sectDualistic sect ConsolamentumConsolamentum

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III. The ChurchIII. The Church

B. The Suppression of HeresyB. The Suppression of Heresy1. Crusade against Albigensians1. Crusade against Albigensians

Innocent IIIInnocent III CrusadeCrusade

2. Beginnings of Inquisition2. Beginnings of Inquisition Gregory IXGregory IX

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III. The ChurchIII. The Church

C. The FriarsC. The Friars1. St. Dominic1. St. Dominic

MendicantMendicant Order of PreachersOrder of Preachers DominicansDominicans

2. Francis of Assisi2. Francis of Assisi

3. Franciscan Order3. Franciscan Order Order of Friars MinorOrder of Friars Minor

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III. The ChurchIII. The Church

D. Papal GovernmentD. Papal Government1. Innocent III1. Innocent III

Eradicate heresyEradicate heresy Papal supremacyPapal supremacy Clarification of Christian discipline and beliefClarification of Christian discipline and belief

2. Fourth Lateran Council2. Fourth Lateran Council Defined sacramentsDefined sacraments Yearly confession and communionYearly confession and communion Defined transubstantiationDefined transubstantiation Attacked Church corruptionAttacked Church corruption

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