the four major subsets of cd4 t cells angelika schmidt defense against intracellular viruses and...
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T cells are activated by T cell receptor (TCR) signaling Angelika Schmidt Adapted from Schmidt et al., Frontiers in Immunology, 2012 A simplified view of TCR signaling cascadesTRANSCRIPT
The four major subsets of CD4 T cells
Angelika Schmidt
Defense against intracellular viruses and bacteriaAutoimmunity
Th1
Defense against extracellular parasitesAllergy
Th2
Th17
Defense against extracellular pathogens (fungi, bacteria)Autoimmunity
IL-2IFN-γ
IL-4IL-5IL-13
IL-17IL-22
(TNF-α)
(IL-21) (IL-26)
Foxp3 GATA3
T-bet
RORγt
STAT5
STAT1/4
STAT5/6
STAT3
(IL-2) (IL-6) (IL-10)(IL-9) (IL-25) (TNF-α)
„Master Regulators“
Tolerance Immunity
nTreg
The growing family of CD4 T cell subsets
Angelika Schmidt
Tolerance Immunity
Th1
nTreg Th2
Th17 Tr35
Th3
Tr1
Tfr
Th9
Th22
Tfh
T cells are activated by T cell receptor (TCR) signaling
Angelika SchmidtAdapted from Schmidt et al., Frontiers in Immunology, 2012
A simplified view of TCR signaling cascades
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress other immune cells
Angelika Schmidt
+ Prevention of autoimmunity, allergies, excessive immune reactions
– Prevention of anti-tumor immunity
Tregs suppress T cell activation by different mechanisms
Angelika Schmidt
Tcon
Treggranzymesperforin
IL-2
CD25
CD4+CD25–
Foxp3–
CD4+CD25++
Foxp3+
ICERIkaros
cAMP
Ca2+
NFATNF-ĸB
ATP, ADP
adenosine
CD39, CD73CTLA-4
DC
CTLA-4
CD80/CD86
TGF-β
IL-10
IL-35
Adapted from Schmidt et al., Frontiers in Immunology, 2012
Cytokine consumption and cell death
induction
Inhibitory cytokines
Suppressive metabolitesIndirect suppression
through DC inhibition
Transcriptional repressors
Suppression of TCR signaling pathways