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The French and Indian War

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Page 1: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

The French and Indian War

Page 2: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

Background

• European countries were constantly fighting

• European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as possible

Page 3: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

Triangle of Hatred

• England

• France

• Spain

Page 4: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

18th Century Success Secret

more land

+ more trade

+ more gold

= more wealth

& more power

Page 5: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

18th Century Success Secret

more land

+ more trade

+ more gold

= more wealth

& more power

Mercantilism

Page 6: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

Colonists “bumped” into each other.Colonists explored each others’ land.Colonists claimed each others’ land.

Colonial Land Grab

Native Americans were always caught in the middle.

Page 7: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

A Series of Wars…

Wars between the English, the French and their Indian allies in North America:

• 1675-1675 King Philip’s War

• 1689-1697 King William’s War

• 1702-1713 Queen Anne’s War

• 1744-1748 King George’s War

• 1755-1763 French & Indian War

Page 8: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

French forts in

the Ohio Valley

angered the

English.

Page 9: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

The French Irritation…

• French had better trading relations with the Indians than the English did... especially the fur trade.

• France controlled land from the St. Lawrence River (north) to New Orleans (south); wanted to control western PA

• In the 1750s, France started building forts around the Great Lakes and into the Ohio River valley.

Page 10: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

• VA claimed western PA too.• G. Washington was a wealthy

planter and member of Virginia militia (volunteer soldiers).

• VA Governor Dinwiddie sent GW and militia to PA to build a road through the mountains.

• The road from VA to PA would help “claim” the land for VA.

George’s First Command

Page 11: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

• Dinwiddie ordered GW to tell the French to leave (May, 1754).

• VA militia killed a French “ambassador” by mistake.

• French forces outnumbered GW and VA militia.

• GW built Fort Necessity.• French forces captured GW

and sent him home embarrassed.

George’s First Command

Page 12: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

• Think about what you have learned so far in this presentation

• Analyze the quality of George Washington’s leadership so far

• Share your assessment of GW with two other students

Think Break

Page 13: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

BACK TO LESSON

- Ben. Franklin published this cartoon in 1754 urging colonies

to unite for defense.

Join, or Die (1754), Benjamin Franklin

Albany Plan of Union

- 7 Colonies sent representatives to Albany, NY to devise a common government

- Not one colony approved the “Albany Plan.”

Page 14: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

Preparing for War

• Both Britain and France tried to secure the help of Native Americans.

• In June 1755, Braddock led nearly 2000 British soldiers and some colonial militia to the French Fort Duquesne, PA. (near Pittsburgh, PA)

• In late 1754, France sent several army regiments to defend Canadian territory.

• In late 1754, Britain sent professional soldiers to America commanded by General Edward Braddock.

Page 15: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

Recognizing the Players

“red coats” for professional British troops

“blue coats” for amateur American militia

Page 16: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

Recognizing the Players

“white coats” for professional French troops

“no coats” for Native Americans (the “Indians”)

Page 17: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

Braddock Blunders…

• July 9, French and Indians ambushed the British as they marched alongside the Monongahela River (near Pittsburgh, PA).

• Washington served as one of Braddock’s aides-de-camp (advisor and guide).

• GW warned Braddock that troops lined up in columns and rows made easy targets.

• Braddock believed that British troops were better than colonial militia or the French and Indians; he ignored GW’s advice.

Page 18: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

Battle of the Monongahela

• Braddock had five horses shot out from under him. Braddock was shot and died four days later.

• GW had two horses shot from under him and four bullet holes in his uniform… GW led the survivors back to Virginia.

• British losses: nearly 1000 soldiers, artillery, and supplies.

• French and Indian losses: 30 soldiers.

• French and Indians attacked from behind trees and rocks. British stood in straight lines to return fire.

Page 19: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

• Think about what you have learned so far in this presentation

• Analyze the after action report from Washington to Governor Dinwiddie

• Share your assessment of GW with two different students

Think Break

Page 20: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

Britain Declares War!

• It was a “world war”…French, British, and Spanish forces clashed in Cuba, the West Indies, India, the Philippines…as well as in North America and Europe.

• Early years of the war were disastrous for the British and the British colonies.

• News of Braddock’s defeat reached London and Britain declared war on France, beginning the Seven Years’ War.

Page 21: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

Pitt Takes Charge

• Pitt wanted Britain to win the war no matter the cost; Britain went deep into debt.

• Pitt sent some of Britain’s best generals, troops, and naval squadrons to the Colonies.

• British performance improved after William Pitt became Secretary of State and then Prime Minister.

• Overwhelming British strength won the war.

Page 22: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

The Treaty of Paris

• signed in Paris, France in 1763.

• France gave Canada its lands east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain.

• France gave its lands west of the Mississippi River (including Louisiana Territory) to Spain.

• France kept four Caribbean islands.

• Spain gave Florida to Great Britain.

Page 23: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

Results of the F & I War

British: • acquired more land• became a world-wide

“super power” • grew resentful of colonial

“blundering” and the cost of defending the colonies

Page 24: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

Results of the F & I War

French: • lost almost all land in

North America• no longer important in

American development

Native Americans: • continued to lose

control over land in North America

Page 25: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

European Claims in North America, 1754 and 1763

Back to Maps

BACK TO LESSONNorth America: Before and After

Page 26: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

Results of the F & I War

Colonists: • acquired land to expand• gained valuable military

experience • found their first “American”

hero…G.Washington• learned how to cooperate• began to think of

themselves as “Americans”

Page 27: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

• Think about the results of the French and Indian War

• Who was the biggest “winner” and why?

• Who was the biggest “loser” and why?

Think Break

Page 28: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

Proclamation of 1763• King George III declared that Appalachian

Mountains were the western boundary for all colonies; colonists could NOT cross mountains:

– to separate the colonists from the Indians

– to prevent future wars and expense

• 10,000 British troops sent to “police” the border.

• Proclamation angered many colonists, especially those who owned shares in land companies, such as the Ohio Company of Virginia.

Page 29: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

American colonists

forbidden to cross

Appalachian Mountains.

Page 30: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

• Proclamation of 1763 created tension between Britain and the colonies.

• Britain placed additional taxes on the colonists to pay for defending the 13 colonies…this created more tension.

Proclamation of 1763

• Indians traded with the British and the colonists, but regarded both as enemies.

• Colonists migrated across the Appalachian Mountains anyway.

Page 31: The French and Indian War. Background European countries were constantly fighting European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as

The French and Indian War…

…was really the beginning of the American Revolutionary War


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