TheThe French French Approach Approach to to RapidRapid Transit Mode Transit Mode Selection Selection

andand Project PlanningProject Planning

Thierry Gouin / Certu

Transport Forum / World Bank / Washington / 28 March 2006

François Rambaud33 (4) 72 74 59 24francois.rambaud@equipement.gouv.fr

The Center The Center for for the Study the Study of of Urban Urban Planning, Planning, Transportation Transportation andand Public Public Facilities Facilities

www.certu.fr

1. Before 2000 : How political will at thenational level has influenced mode selection

2. After 2000 : How a lack of available fundshas helped to bring about a new approachto mode selection

3. Transit mode selection and planning at thelocal level in 2006

1. Before 2000 : How political will at thenational level has influenced mode selection

2. After 2000 : How a lack of available fundshas helped to bring about a new approachto mode selection

3. Transit mode selection and planning at thelocal level in 2006

19701970--1980 : French 1980 : French Metros Metros

• Until the 70’s, the Paris metro stood alone(opened in 1900)

• Transport Levy introduction in Paris, then in other regions

• Construction of metros in the largest cities(Lyon, Lille, Marseille, Toulouse)

Paris

Marseille

Lyon

Lille

Toulouse

Rennes

19701970--1980 : French 1980 : French Metros Metros

19701970--1980 : French 1980 : French Metros Metros

• 1982 : DecentralizationDomestic Transport Orientation Law (LOTI)

• Until the 70’s, the Paris metro stood alone(opened in 1900)

• Transport Levy introduction in Paris, then in other regions

• Construction of metros in the largest cities(Lyon, Lille, Marseille, Toulouse)

19901990--2000 : 2000 : TheThe ReRe--Birth Birth Of French TramwaysOf French Tramways

• 1996 : Air Law, Urban Transport Plans

• State subsidies

• Global approach / shared use of the street: rapid transit rises to the surface again!

Shared Shared use of use of the streetthe street

19901990--2000 : 2000 : TheThe ReRe--Birth Birth Of French TramwaysOf French Tramways

• Re-birth of the tramway after itsdisappearance in the 1950’s

• 1996 : Air Law, Urban Transport Plans

• State subsidies

• Global approach / shared use of the street: rapid transit rises to the surface again!

• Transport and urban enhancement tool

StrasbourgStrasbourg

S ou r

c e :

ww

w. c

asaf

ree .

c om

Station « L’homme de fer »

St DenisBobigny

Val de Seine

Caen Nancy

St Etienne

Lille

Marseille

Nantes

Grenoble

Strasbourg

Rouen

Montpellier

Orléans

Lyon

Bordeaux

Nice

French tramwaysFrench tramways

Clermont-Ferrand

Le Mans

Mulhouse

Toulon

Valenciennes

ReimsAngers

Brest

TheThe Situation In 2000Situation In 2000

• Metros : a few of them / no standard design

• Tramways : only in urban areas (e.g. historical zones; public space enhancement)

• Importance of innovation / image (teething problems : Lyon Maggaly, Nancy TVR, Bordeaux APS)

CitadisCitadis

Bordeaux Lyon

Orléans Montpellier

TheThe Situation In 2000Situation In 2000

S ou r

c e :

A MTU

IR

TheThe Situation In 2000Situation In 2000

• Bus systems are still not optimal, low level of investment

• Metros : a few of them / no standard design

• Tramways : only in urban areas (e.g. historic zones; public space enhancement)

• Importance of innovation / image (teething problems : Lyon Maggaly, Nancy TVR, Bordeaux APS)

1. Before 2000 : How political will at thenational level has influenced mode selection

2. After 2000 : How a lack of available fundshas helped to bring about a new approachto mode selection

3. Transit mode selection and planning at thelocal level in 2006

AfterAfter 20002000• Rapid Transit operating costs :

7 bn € Paris + 5 bn € other regions every year

• Passenger use is leveling out, public transport mode share is declining except in rapid transit towns where it remains stable

• Huge need for investment(60 rapid transit projects over the next 10 years)

• 2003 : decentralization, stage 2

• End of State subsidies

Certu publication« Bus à Haut Niveau de ServiceConcept et recommandations »(BRT – Concept and recommendations)

2005: BHNS*2005: BHNS*

• How best to meet demand ?

• Light Rail is not always the best option

• Make better use of bus technologies

* BRT

French BRTFrench BRT

RennesBrest

RouenMaubeuge

Annecy

Nice

La Rochelle

La Réunion

St Denis

Amiens

Douai

Lorient Nantes

Nîmes

Orléans

ParisParis

« Mobilien » : Certifying bus routes

POWERSpeed - Regularity - Frequency

Amplitude - Capacity

IDENTITYImage - Personality - Style - Name

INTERFACESUrbanity - Intermodality

Stations insertion

SERVICESReception - Information - Services

Comfort

S ou r

c e :

RA T

P

NantesNantes

« Busway » : Street enhancement

Sour

ce :

S EM

I TA N

RouenRouen

« Teor » : Optical guidance

Sour

ce :

A gg l

o R

o ue n

NNîîmesmes

A BRT network for a small town without Light Rail

Sour

ce :

A gg l

o N

îmes

1. Before 2000 : How political will at thenational level has influenced mode selection

2. After 2000 : How a lack of available fundshas helped to bring about a new approachto mode selection

3. Transit mode selection and planning at thelocal level in 2006

Local Transit Local Transit ProjectsProjects

• Transit policy : complete autonomy for local organizing authorities

• Transit projects : a culture of « pre-project evaluation » (State subsidies)

• Transit mode selectionrelevance of various transport modes: supply, urban « insertion », environment, accessibility and comfort, intermodality, cost

Local Transit Local Transit ProjectsProjects

Certu publication« Les modes de transports collectifs urbainsEléments de choix par une approche globale des systèmes »(Urban transit modesGuidance for a system global approach)

Metros

Tramways

Capacity(pass./hour)

12 00032 000

1 3006 400

Cost(M€/km)

7080

1528

Buses 0,310

7003 000

TakingTaking All Transport Modes All Transport Modes Into AccountInto Account……

• Urban Transport Plans : global approach, all modes

> Pre-diagnostic > Diagnostic > Setting objectives> Comparing alternatives > Action plan

• See : US Alternatives Analysis

• Consultation (stakeholders involvement)

TakingTaking All Transport Modes All Transport Modes Into AccountInto Account……

Certu publication« Guide pour l’élaboration des Plans de Déplacements Urbains »(Urban Transport Plan elaboration guide)

…… WorkingWorking OverOver A A LargerLarger Area : Area : «« TheThe BiggerBigger PicturePicture »»

• ScoT : a land use approach - large areas

• Limiting urban sprawl

• Going from a superficial « facelift » approachto an integrated town and transit planning approach

Certu publication« SCoT et déplacements »(Land use and mobility)

Urban Area Integrated Scheme (SCoT)

Inte

grat

ed T

own

and

Tran

sit P

lazn

ning

App

roac

h

Large Specified Area

Urban Transport Plan (PDU)

Urban Area

All

Mod

es

Rapid Rapid Transit Mode Transit Mode Selection Selection and and Project PlanningProject Planning

Transit Mode Selection

Publ

ic T

rans

port

Public Transport Network

Vehicle+ Infrastructure+ Operation

Transport System

DifficultiesDifficulties and challengesand challenges

• Improve public transport efficiency

• Improve connectivity between networks (intermodality : a technical and institutionalissue)

• Improve evaluation

• Improve dissemination

Thank you