The French Revolution and Napoleon (1789 1815)

The French Revolution and Napoleon (1789 1815)

The French Revolution BeginsThe French Revolution Begins

Background to the RevolutionFrances Three Estates EstatesFirst Estate ClergyDivided: Higher clergy Parish priests Second Estate NoblesPlayed a crucial role in FranceHeld leading positions Wealth (Nobles and Clergy) Taille Third Estate Everyone else Peasants Middle class or Bourgeoisie Unhappy Nobles by appointment Louis XVIUrban craftspeople, shopkeepers, and workers

The French Revolution BeginsFinancial Crisis Collapse of the French budgetHad been growing for 50 years:Bad harvestsSlowdown in manufacturing KingsAmericans Louis XVI Estates-General1614 The French Revolution BeginsFrom Estates-General to National Assembly Louis XVI Versailles First two Estates Third Estate Constitutional government Problems from the start:VotingThe king June 17, 1789National assembly and a constitutionThe French Revolution BeginsThree days later the Deputies of the 3rd Estate Tennis Court Oath Louis XVI July 14, 1789 ParisiansBastille French Guard Louis XVI ParisRevolts will begin to break out all over France The Great FearPeasant

The French Revolution BeginsEnd of the Old Regime Declaration of the Rights of ManThe National Assembly August 14, 1789August 26, 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Enlightenment ideals: All men were free and equal before the lawAppointment to public office Exempt from taxationFreedom of speech and press Should these rights include women?

The French Revolution BeginsOlympe de Gouges The Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen The King Concedes October 5, 1789Parisian women National Assemblies decreesThe king October 6, 1789 the king and his family will return to Paris Prisoners in ParisThe French Revolution BeginsChurch ReformNew Revolutionary Government Sell off church landsUnder the control of the stateCivil Constitution of the Clergy Catholics were anti-revolutionNew Constitution and New Fears Constitution of 1791 Limited MonarchyLegislative Body Active Citizens Passive citizensLocal governments

The French Revolution Begins1791 Louis XVIJune 1791The king and his family VarennesOctober 1791Louis XVI

The French Revolution BeginsWar with Austria European leaders Austria and Prussia Legislative Assembly Rise of the Paris Commune Spring of 1792August 1792 Paris radicals Commune Members of the Paris CommuneKing Legislative AssemblyNational ConventionUniversal Male Suffrage San-culottes

Radical Revolution and Reaction

Radical Revolution and Reaction

The Move to Radicalism Louis XVI Unrest August 1792 The Minister of Justice Georges Danton National ConventionSeptember Massacres Jean-Paul Marat Friend of the People Jacobin condemned the Girondins Drinker of Blood Charlotte Corday, a GirondinJacques- Louis David The Death of MaratThe First RepublicSeptember 1792National Convention Newly elected National ConventionRuling body of France September 21, 1792 - The French Republic

Radical Revolution and Reaction

The Fate of the King Political clubs Girondins The Mountain Jacobins Club Louis XVI January 1793 Guillotine Crisis and Response Disputes The Paris Commune Riots Coalition of forces Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain, and the Dutch Republic Committee of Public SafetyGeorge Danton and Maximilian Robespierre

Radical Revolution and Reaction

The Reign of Terror Crushing Rebellion1793- 1794 Committee on Public Safety Reign of Terror Maximilian Robespierre Revolutionary Courts Guillotine Marie Antoinette Olympe de GougesRevolutionary Armies Grapeshot NantesRadical Revolution and ReactionShow them no mercy The Republic of Virtue Maximilian Robespierre Titles changed Women Good citizensLaw abolishing slavery Control inflation Women 1793 - Revolutionary Republican Women De-ChristianizationAdopted a new calendar September 22, 1792 12 months Months were given new names Example: Vendemiarie September Huge impact on religionRadical Revolution and ReactionA Nation in Arms Rise of the Revolutionary Army1794 Peoples Army End of the Terror Summer of 1794 - Robespierre June 1794 Law of 22 Prairial July 28, 1794The Directory National Convention Committee on Public Safety Churches New constitution The constitution of 1795 Bicameral legislatureLower House Council of 500 Upper House Council of Elders Electors qualified votersCommittee of 5 called the Directory The Directory 1795 1799 1799 Napoleon Bonaparte toppled the Directory in a Coup dtat

The Age of Napoleon

The Age of Napoleon

The Rise of NapoleonEarly LifeA child of the revolution Born 1769 in Corsica Commissioned as a lieutenant in the French ArmyMilitary Successes1792 - Captain1794 - Brigadier General1796 - French armies in ItalySpeed, surprise, and decisive action Northern Italy1797 Invasion of Britain Egypt British Navy

The Age of Napoleon

Consul and Emperor1799 Coup dtat The ConsulateFirst Counsel1802 Consul for Life1804 EmperorNapoleons Domestic Policies Peace with the ChurchGains of the revolutionCatholic Church A man of the enlightenment1801 agreement with the Pope Codification of Laws Over 300 different legal systemsNapoleon will make one legal system:Seven Law codes were createdCivil Code Napoleonic Code 1804The principles that the revolutionaries Women and children Less equal to menProperty CourtDivorce proceedings

The Age of NapoleonA New Bureaucracy Strong centralized administrationBureaucracy of capable officials Middle Class Aristocracy based on meritorious service New nobles Preserver of the Revolution?All citizens were equal before the law and the opening of government careers On the other hand:Liberty Anne-Louise-Germaine de Stael Napoleons Empire Building the Empire European Coalition Russia, Great Britain, and Austria1803 - Britain Austria, Russia, Sweden, and PrussiaUlm, Austerlitz, Jena, and Eylau from 1805 to 1807 From 1807 to 1812 Napoleon will be the master of EuropeEmpire was composed of three parts:The French Empire Dependent States Allied States

The Age of NapoleonSpreading the Principles of the RevolutionLegal equality, religious toleration, and economic freedomEquality of opportunity and before the lawBritains Resistance Sea power1805 Trafalgar Continental system Weakening the British economically Will fail 1810Nationalism The sense of unique identity of a people based on language, religion, and national symbolsThe Germanies, Spain, Poland, and Italy arousing new ideas of nationalism in two ways:United in their hatred of the invadersThe power and strength of national feeling

The Age of NapoleonThe Fall of Napoleon Disaster in Russia 1812 Russia Continental system June 1812 the Grand Army Scorched Earth Policy Battle of Borodino Moscow the Great Retreat March of 1814Napoleon Island of Elba Louis XVIIIThe Final Defeat Napoleon - escape from Elba Louis XVIII Soldiers of the 5th regiment, I am your emperor. If there is a man among you (who) would kill his emperor, here I am! Vive, lEmpereur March 20, 1815 Russia, Great Britain, Austria, and Prussia At Waterloo Belgium June 18, 1815 - Duke of WellingtonSt. Helena 1821