the fully networked car geneva, 3-4 march 2010 enabling electric vehicles using the smart grid...
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The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
Enabling Electric Vehicles Using the Smart Grid
George ArnoldNational Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability
National Institute of Standards and TechnologyUnited States Department of Commerce
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The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
Why Do We Need Smart Grids?
Fundamental Drivers
o Climate changeo Energy securityo Lifestyle dependent on
electricityo Jobs
Smart Grid goals
o Reduce energy use overall and increase grid efficiency
o Increase use of renewables (wind and solar don’t produce carbon)
o Support shift from oil to electric transportation
o Enhance reliability and security of the electric system
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The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
Electrical Grid + Intelligence
2-way flow of electricity and information
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The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
The NIST Role
Energy Independence and Security Act (2007)
In cooperation with the DoE, NEMA, IEEE, GWAC, and other stakeholders, NIST has “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…”
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The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
Smart Grid Priorities
o Demand Response and Consumer Energy Efficiency
o Wide Area Situational Awarenesso Electric Storageo Electric Transportationo Advanced Metering Infrastructureo Distribution Grid Managemento Cyber Securityo Network Communications
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The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
Why Electric Vehicles?
o Reduced environmental impact• Displace half of US oil imports
• Reduce CO2 20%
• Reduce urban air pollutants 40%-90%
• Idle capacity of the power grid could supply 70% of energy needs of today’s cars and light trucks
• Batteries in EVs could provide power during peak demand
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The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
Why Electric Vehicles?
o PERFORMANCE• Linear torque –
even power delivery• Independent wheel
drive – advanced traction control
• New vehicle configurations
• Quiet!
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The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
EV and the Smart Grid
o Support for flexible charging scenarios (Roaming)• Charging on PEV rate plan at home, at
work, at neighbors (within utility network)• Charging on plan on other utility networks• Using credit card or “pay as you go”
o Support for load control• Grid charges vehicle
o Support for source control• Vehicle powers grid
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The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
Southern California Edison Forecasted EV Charging Load
2020 SUMMER LOAD IMPACT – NO UTILITY INVOLVEMENT*
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24Hours
MW
I nitial Load Forecast Ports Rail Trucks Forklifts PEVs
Worst Case
*Based on predicted 1.6 million Evs on the SCE grid
2020 SUMMER LOAD IMPACT – WITH UTILITY INVOLVEMENT*
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24Hours
MW
Initial Load Forecast Ports Rail Trucks Forklifts PEVs
Copyright 2009 Southern California Edison
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The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
Example Information Requirements
o Identification• Vehicle and customer ID
o Vehicle Monitoring• State of charge, Usable energy
o Pricing• How much will it cost
o Energy requests• How much at what rate
o Timing information• When to start, when to finish
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The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
V2G Requires Many Standards
1547 (Distributed energy interconnection)
Smart Energy 2.0
J2293 (Communication)
J1772 (Connector)
61850 and 61970/61968 Information models Demand response
& price signaling
C12 (Meter)
National ElectricCode
(Enclosures)
NationalElectric
Safety Code
(Battery)
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The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010
Resources
o NIST Smart Grid website• http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid
o Contact:• [email protected]• +1-301-975-2232
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