MA'ER'aL DrOgram 'r'|::cr f Xgx&w#

The Marina City towers create a f luted af fect by v isual ly uni fy ing twoprograms with very di f ferent organizat ions: s loped parking ramps andf lat apartment f loors" The spiral f loors of the parking program below,the project ing balconies of the radial apartments above, and a consistentstructure of f luted arches for both programs are combined to constructthe af fect of a large, f luted column.

Apa rtmentsLevels 21 -61

ParkingLevels 1-19

Flat f loor plate wi thf luted per imeter

Spiral f loor plate wi thcircular per imeter

ARCHITECT

Bertrand Goldberg

i 'DArE :Locai loN

;011961 i Chicago, US

The f luted prof i le performs structural lyas a tapered arch that supports the cant i leverof the apartment terrace

Glazing insetto pr ior i t ize thef lut ing of the f loor^l^+^^ ^- +h^PrdrsJ or L, ,c

exter ior image

Structural columnat inter ior apex off luted prof i le

Radial part i t ionwal l betweenapartments

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^""'aswThe Capsule Hotel uses the programmatic uni tsof the hotel to create an aggregated af fect . Roomsare designed as capsules dimensioned to f i t wi th ina regulat ing module that a l lows for di f ferentconf igurat ions of capsules around the central core,generat ing a three-dimensional composi t ion ofelements that contr ibutes to the dynamic aggregat ionof the whole.

The sleeping capsules come in four conf igurat ions- two rear-entry and two side-entry types -which can be at tached to the core in di f ferentor ientat ions, staggered with a one-third or two-thirds of fset in plan. The capsule dimensions areregulated by the gr id in three dimensions; theheight and width are both two-thirds the lengthof ihe caosule.

The vert ical posi t ions of thesleeping capsules are alsodetermined by the stair landingsof the central core. Three stairruns make a complete revolut ionaround the central e levator shaft ,g iv ing adjacent capsules a one-third of fset in sect ion to matchtheir of fset in plan.

rear entry

I iOJECT

Ctprule Hotel

Thg vert ical offset between capsulesFrf lects the loiat ions of stair corehndings at one-third intervals

: : :: ARCHITECT : DATE ; LOCATIOI{

i Kisho Kurokawa i 1972 i Tokyo, Japan

:

i02

Steel t russ structureis concealed tocontr ibute to theaffect of dynamical lyaggregated capsules

Stair core wi thlandings at one-thirdvert ical intervals

Radial windows placed at the ends ofthe capsules reinforce the changingor ientat ion of the uni ts, adding to thedirect ional i ty of the aggregat ion

The panel izat ion of each capsule into th i rdsreveals the regulat ing gr id that determinesthe of fset of the capsules in plan

MA'ER'aL construct ion + %p$nre$ 26121

The 30 St. Mary Axe Street tower produces a spiral af fect through i ts tapered circularform [a prof i le that drast ical ly reduces wind loads on the bui ld ingl and the carefulorganizat ion of a structural d iagr id that rotates through the f loor plates of the bui ld ing.The af fect ive propert ies of the twist ing diagr id members combine with the curvatureof the tower to add rotat ion and movement to a stat ic obiect .

The dynamic prof i le ofthe tower is reinforcedby a ser ies of t r iangularair shafts that rotatethrough successivef loor plates of thebui ld ing, expressed indark glass panels thatresolve the exter ior asan al ternat ing ser ies of-^ i - - t i^^

h^^t-rP,,o, , , ,9 uo,,ur.

FR OJECT

30 St. Mary Axe Street

ARCH ITECT

Norman Foster 03

Structural d iagr idreinforces thecentr i fugal spiralaf fect of the form

Spiral ing inter ior a i rshafts are used for stackvent i lat ion of the tower

Diagonal areas of darkglazing for the air shaftsversus clear glazing forof f ice spaces reinforcestho cnirr l r f font

M^TER'aL cladding -r+,,",,,', fum m#md 30t31

ln the Johnson Wax Laboratory Tower double-height bands of hor izontalglass tubes replace the convent ional str ip windows of the of f ice tower,act ing as a l ight f i l ter between inter ior and exter ior . Combined with anal ternat ing pattern of f loors and mezzanine levels in sect ion and therounded corners of i ts prof i le, the af fect is a banded column whoseinter ior contents are registered as a blurred presence on the exter ior-

Plate glass

Plate glassmu l l ions

Hol low pyrex tubesare used instead ofconvent ional g lazing toform a sel f -s imi lar "micro-

banding" that re inforcesthe larger banded order ofthe bui ld ing. The hor izontalcoursings of the glazingalso repeat the hor izontalcoursing of the br ick bandsthat def ine the f loors.

Sca l lopedaluminumrAC KS

' 'Koroseal" r ingwith pyrexcouprers

; !: DATE : LOCATION

i 1950 i Racine, US o1

Hollow pyrex tubesnnd pyrex couplerswith Koroseal sealant

Rounded cornersof tower reinforcebanded af fect

Recessedmezzanine levelv is ib le behinddouble-heightbanded glass tubes

Brick c laddingexpresses bandingof f loor plates

Pyrex tubes at tachedwith wire to aluminum racks

Laboratory desk andshelv ing integrated withheight of br ick c ladding

MATER'!aL f ight -t

uoo. ' ' g lematgr$m$Xxwd 34'35

The Tower of Winds produces a demater ia l ized af fect by c ladding an exist ing cool ing tower wi th layers ofl ight ing: neon tubes, mini- lamps and f loodl ights, ref lected in mirror and perforated aluminum panels.The i l luminat ion responds to environmental condi t ions around the tower, producing a constant ly changing,demater ia l ized af fect composed of ephemeral pat terns of l ight .

In dayt ime, the tower isperceived as a blank volumeof perforated aluminum.

2 Mirrored acryl ic plates sheaththe cool ing tower, mult ip ly ingthe art i f ical l ight ing af fects.

3 1,280 mini- lamps respond inreal t ime to surrounding noiseparre rns.

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Rings o{ whi te neon l ightper iodical ly indicate the t ime;structural r ings appear to f loataround the neon tubes.

Floodl ights at the foot ofthe tower are control led bycomputer to create a largerscale of i l luminat ion.

The di f ferent l ig.ht ing patternscombine to produce a constant lychanging demater ia l ized af fectat n ight.

PROJECT

Tower of Winds

ARCH ITECT

Toyo lto

DATE

1987 i05LOCATION

Yokohama, Japan

White neon r ingsI) ,

Outer layer olperforated aluminumcladding disappearsat night

Exist ing concretevent i lat ion coreand water tanksheathed inacryl ic mirroredplates on the twosides withoutI ouvers

Exist ing louversvent shoppingarea Detow

Structural t ie^-kl^- -++--h

layers of c laddingto inter ior core

Steel columnssupport the r ingsof l ight ing

Mini- lamp r ings

MArER'a'I construction + '0.'. '&rffin€*mm#

The Seagram Bui ld ing uses the steel structural gr id ofthe skyscraper to create a vert ical af fect , by at tachinga ser ies of decorat ive l -beams to the envelope thatpr ior i t ize the vert ical l ines of the structure over thehor izontal f loor olates.

The l -beam sect ions at tachedto the fagade are part of theprefabr icated window uni tsthat make up the skin- revealed bythe hor izontalgap between l -beam sect ionsfrom f loor to f loor.

The true structural columns areencased in f i reproof ing, whi le thedecorat ive l -beams at tached to theenvelooe exoress" the concealedstructure underneath.

Terminat ing the curtain wal l pr ior to the cornermaintains the exoression of each facade as anindependent Inon- load bear ingl system, andreveals the fu l l d imension of the structuralcolumns behind.

tl!Jl0r

I t lgrrm Bui ld ing

0rly-pink t intedlvfndow glass

Extruded bronzeI 'beams at tached tothe vert ical structuralmemDers

Recessed bronzetpandrels coverthe f loor plates

ARCHITECT

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 11:: LOCATION

i NewYork, USOATE

1 958

Heat ing system integratedwith inter ior s i l l

Suspended l ight cei l ing

The bronze mul l ionsterminate at the bui ld ingsoff i t , exposing them asnon-structural when seenfrom street level

Bronze-clad structuralcol um n

MArER'aL cladding -rr+ #&wdqff i$ 64165

The Prada Aoyama storecreates a qui l ted af fectthrough an exter ior c laddingbased on three types ofglass panel - f lat , convexand concave. The three-dimensional form of theglazing is combined witha diagr id structure toproduce a qui l ted patternof diamond-shapedwindows that al ternatelyprotrude and recede fromthe envelope.

In dayl ight , the qui l ted windows are more prominent thanthe structure, d istort ing v iews of the products inside andgiv ing the bui ld ing a jewel- l ike appearance.

At night the qui l t ied af fect is provided not by the three-dimensional i ty of the glass panels but by the diagr id,which becomes more orominent when backl i t .

i i !ARcHlrEcr ! oot . i .o.ot ,o" i SqHerzog & de Meuron i zoos i Tokyo, Japan i | 1

The diagr id of the envelopeis extruded within theinter ior depth of thebui ld ing to constructstructural tubes thathouse changing rooms

' 'Float ing" f loor platesof perforated sheetaluminum below aconcrete composi te s labwith epoxy-resin coat ing

----- _-_--_

MATER'|AL claddingi ' IF,.' i l &'xrym#w$mr

The envelope of the USEmbassy breaks downthe regular gr id of theenvelope into a modularaf fect of d iscrete c laddinguni ts Imade of a precaststructural f rame with insetwindow and moldingsJwith decorat ive inf i l lsect ions, producing anal ternat ing pattern ofdiscrete modular elements.

nnStone-clad precaststructural unit withf ixed inset window

Corrugatedconcrelemolding

Gold-plated 0Perablealuminium vert icalmul l ion windows

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ARCHITECT

Eero Saar inen

DATE

I ?19: LOCATION 13: London, UKi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cont inuous hor izontalra.a<<a< el tha odnaq nf

the c ladding uni ts reinforcesthe module of the c laddinguni ts as discrete elements

The width of the vert icalstructural l ines is usedto al ternate wider f ramedunits wi th narrower inf i l lsect ions to emphasize themodular af fect

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The Serpent ine Pavi l ion creates a random affect through apatterning invest igat ion enabled by structure. An i r regularpattern, generated by an algor i thm that rotates and scales theextended l ines of a square, is cropped to produce a seeminglyrandom pattern through a regular process.

cut of f by the square per imeterof the pavi l ion.

B Lines are carr ied aroundadjacent faces when theymaat vort i ra l adnoc

9 The pattern is separated andrect i l inear l ines inserted atfo ld edges to account for thedepth of construct ion.

10 Alternat ing patches betweenthe structural l ines aref i l led wi th sol id mater ia l ,increasing the appearance ofrandomness. The resul t ingsurface pattern supportsthe pavi l ion through theredundancy of the structuralmemDers.

i i l' / i \ i \

The pattern is asl imfnetr ical ly

DATE J

2002 |LOCATION

London, UK

The diagonal pattern isinterrupted at the edgesbetween roof and wal ls byperpendicular structuralconnect ions that meet atr ight angles

Glass inf i l l f lush withexter ior face

Flat steel bar beam

i11

l f the Pattorn are builtblEma celect ively: lumlnum and glass

an eltcrnation betweenY€Id

Aluminum inf i l l panel

:\:.t:::..1 YW$ $Wff16lt l

The Mi l lard House bui lds a rel ief af fect through a composi te' ' text i le block'wal l composed of inner and outer cast masonryuni ts, held together by mortar and steel re inforcing laced throughchannels cast into the blocks. The t i les produce a fabrtc- l ikerel ief pat tern, at the scale of the block, enhancing the bui ld ing'sappearance as a monol i th ic object in the distant v iew that is seenas var ied in the near v iew due to the scale of the t i le.

Double glass layer insertedbetween inner and outer blocks

The thrnner X-shaoed areasbetween the steel re inforcing areexcavated as perforat ions, wi th aglass or screen layer inserted antothc wal l cavi ty,

Steei re inforcing bars are set wi l l r r r rchannels cast into the blocks,giv ing the wal l a net- l ike structur,r lperformance.

The rel ief pat tern creatc ' ,more thickness around l l r ,connect ions of the steelbars behind, reinforcingthe structural perfoTmanr lof the blocks.

, l i l l r r f l l l l i l r - r ,

ARCH ITECT

Frank Lloyd Wright

The text i le blocksmask the presenceof the f loorsbehind, giv ing ahnmnnanonr rc

monol i th icoPPsd,dILc LU

the exteror

MATER'AL OrO9ram ii,* $wwrs# 82t83

The envelope of Si lodam Housing explores a diverse af fect as a resul t of i ts program, c ladding the exter ior in acatalog of standard fagade systems that correspond to di f ferent uses: of f ices, commercial spaces, publ ic areasand a var iety of housing types. Each program and housing type I low-income, duplex, luxury, etc.) is ident i f ied by adi f ferent mater ia l and fenestrat ion pattern, creat ing a mixture that ref lects the diversi ty of the populat ion wi th in.

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t'f il ffiFffiC Hobby

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lffiwffiffiffilIWWWWF Atel ier

wwwJ Big. balcony

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N X-dwel l ing

B Loft

G Big balcony

K Smal l balcony

0 Maisonnette

D Loft

H Studio

L Live-work

P Senior l iv ing

i!., t,; * .;.,,r I

I

Community store rooms

f lu5

I Venet ianwrndow

R Pat io

The di f ferent iat ion ofuni t types is balanced bygrouping together uni tsinto bays, somet imesstacking over mult ip lef loors. The shared mater ia lf in ishes of these groupingsand the arrangement ofcorr idors speci f ic to eachuni t type part i t ions def ine' 'neighborhoods" wi th inthe bui ld ing, expressedon the exter ior .

West elevat ion pattern

B-, -_ - --- -.1_ __-_ - _ - _ _,

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East elevat ion pattern

MA'ER'AL prOgram -rrr+ f l f f imdrufimn 86t[7

The cladding of the Ber l in Free Universi ty uses program to create a modular af fect , through an array of weatheredCor-ten steel and glass modular panels that accommodate di f ferent programmatic needs along the exter iorand permit the cont inual reconf igurat ion of the skin in response to changes over the l i fe of the inst i tut ion.Composi te panel types in two widths and varying heights are combined according to the proport ional incrementsof Le Corbusier 's Modulor system, producing a highly var ied surface when arrayed along the length of the bui ld ing

Fixed window

//

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Storage uni t Storage uni t

0perable window,:\

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0perable windowtype2\

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Fer l i r r I r oa t ln iversi ty

; ' : . t . , r r r , l , , l r , r r r t l rc l panels are jo ined together: ' i i , , : , ,11, . r , , r l , r , ,koLs and st i f fened by exposed' - : i l , , r r r r r , l , . Movcment in the gasket provides

,:r l , I ' ,1, . r , r r r r r . l t ) f the panels to ad. just to the, , , . , , ' , , ,1 ,1r r r l o l t l t r . inter ior

i i t , , . , . ,1rrr . , r , r l metal is Cor- ten=i , r \N{ ' r r r , wr- .athered surface thatr ! , ' r , . , l l r , rnt lustr ia l aesthet ic! , - 1, | l l r l i l t (J

ARCH I TECT

Candi l is-Josic-Woods, Jean Prouv6

j

DATE : LOCATION

1973 i Ber l in, cermany 17

Project ing steelchannel betweenpanels

Neoprene gasket

MArER'AL construct ion -r+ii;': rffim&$mm&w# 90t11

The Dominus Winery constructs a rust icated af fect through anexter ior gabian wal l of wire mesh cages f i l led wi th smal ler stonesat the bottom and larger stones at the top, creat ing a complexvisual pat tern of stones and crevices. The varying size of thestones and the rock- l ike appearance of the wal l p lay on tradi t ionalrust icat ion in a wal l that is in fact h iqhlv craf ted and constructed.

Mezzanine Ievelmedium stones

The size and densi ty of the stones in each gabian are used to controlthe inter ior c l imate: a dense aggregat ion of smal ler stones at the baseprovides cool ing and shadow for the lower level of wine casks, whi le alooser aggegat ion of large stones at the top al lows patches of l ight tothe of f ices at the uooer leve,.

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Off ice level - largest stones

Cel lar level - smal lest stones

. ARCHITECT

l f lnrry : Herzog & de Meuron

I wrr l l l ! ' , ( ' l l

: DATE :

: 1991 !

LOCATION

Napa, US 18

sl t lY r l I i l l l l

alrd l l0 l r l t i l l " r -Ftal l i q l r | | r I I | i l l

e lnt thp l ru i l r l ing

Main structureof concrete andsteel f raming

_={\L Suspended cei l ing

Service catwalkat mezzanrne

Wire mesh gabianswith varying sizesof rocks foundon srte

Concrete s labbacking wal lat lower level

MArER'AL cladding r+ ';"';"r $ffiKge$r##

The cladding of the BeineckeLibrary creates a texturedaffect through a two-sidedsurface with a di f ferentvisual performance oneach face, appear ing as anopaque structural cage onthe exter ior and a glowing,translucent l ight f i l teron the inter ior . From theoutside, the faceted claddingof the structural gr id givesscale and texture to theopaque box; f rom within,the th inness of the marbleinf i l l panels t ransmit a sof t ,g lowing l ight to the inter ior ,providing visual texturethrough the i r regularveining of the t ranslucentstone sheets.

Exter ior grani te^t^t l i^^

Vierendeel t russ 1/4" Vermontmarble panel

InteTtot r l l , r t r l l ' :

c laddi t r r l

The exter ior enclosure is conceived as a f ree-standirrr lstructural cage that both houses and protects the r ; r r r .books inside, contained in a t ransparent vert ical g l i r , , , , l r , r 'suspended within the inter ior .

{4-

: i i :

ARcHfrEcr i o l r r i

.o.ot 'ot , "n, , , : 1gi t rc Book Library : sOM / Gordon Bunshaft i 1953 i New Ha\

I t tn on thethe deepcf tho

c ladd Ingthe v isual

t6d textureih€losure

Coffered cei l ingwith inset l ight ing

0n the inter ior , the th innessof the inf i l l panels turns thecladding into a t ranslucentbox, di f fusing l ight throughthe veined texture of thema rble

Mezzanine to book stacks

v

MATER'|AL Cladding + " ' '" ' ' ' f f i*mm&Wd

The oleated af fect of the Chr ist ian Dior0motesando store is created by a ser ies ofvacuum-formed translucent acryl ic panelsplaced behind a layer of f r i t ted glass f lush withthe skin, creat ing an appearance that var iesbetween f lat and pleated according to di f ferentl ight ing condi t ions over the course of the day.

The i r regular banding of the f loorplates - wi ih varying heights foreach f loor that are fur ther maskedby hor izontal str ips in betweenf loors - sets the scale for theundulated vert ical p leat ing of the+-^^-1. .^^^+

^^h^l-u oi l r rurc, ,L Pons'J.

laMoldA/Blevels l and 2

Mold Dlevel 3

Mold ulevels l l . r r r r l 4

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Dif ferent molds are used on di f fcr crr llevels of the envelope depending urr l l r l t rheight. The i r regular heights of ear l rlevel mean the vacuum-formed parrr ' l ' ,are cut of f at d i f ferent intervals, v;r t ytrrqthe pleated af fect wi thout increasi t r r l l l r .number of molded forms.

l r regular hor izontal banding of envelope True f loor heights

Dlor 0motesando StoreARCHITECT

Kazuyo Sejima i20

Vacuu m-f ormedmoveable acryl icpaners

Fr i t ted glass

Aluminumfaceplate

Periodica l lyposi t ioned f iberopt ic l ight inga r t i f ic ia I lyi l luminates theacryl ic panels atnight to enhancethe pleated af fect

lh ln t l e th in cavi ty that concealslot of tho store, whi le thelon rr l f lat g lass and pleated

FattEls e|cates the i l lusion€!:1r lar,arkr

MA'ER'AL cladding + u'""' ffi &mmffi eru&&mWffie36t02l lo3

The "endless" volume of the Sendai Mediatheque - conceivedas a f lu id space of realand vir tual informat ion - is del imitedby a discont inuous set of four elevat ions wi th three dist inctfagade types, each determined by their or ientat ion and program.The discont inuous af fect of these completely independentsystems expresses the "arbi t rary" enclosure necessary to turna cont inuous space of f lows into a bui ld ing.

Floor platesconcealed byceramic f r i t t ing

Metal bracketsconnect ing outerglazing to glasssuppoft f los

Double-glazingwith air cavi ty

South facade

liidal Mrdl.ttt"qu"

/ Eel l lag nt l r r

: ARCHITECT

i Toyo l to

iI f l ;

i 1,.1LOCATION

Sendai, Japan

: OATE

I 2000

Metal meshI ouve rswith edgerooS

spa cebehindmesh

West facade

"o"' 'o'pattern 10[ | tnt

The AichiPavi l ion createsa di f ferent iatedaffect throughpatterning, basedon a t i le uni tproduced froma module of s ixregurar nexagons

1 Distort ing thehexagonal geometrywithin ihe per imeterpro0uces a regurarmodule of s ixunique t i les.

- - - -7

2 Each of the s ixt i les is codedwith i ts owncolor, fur therd i f fere nt iat i n gthe t i les.

Each of the s ix shapes is cast asa glazed ceramic t i le, producedin both sol id and perforatedversions. Each t i le has frontand back halves, connected bybrackets that are c lamped intoa support ing stanchion.

The basic uni t of s ix t i les is mirrored and rotated toproduce four or ientat ions of the modules, which arethen aggregated to form the pattern of the fagade.

Color adjacencies between the modules fur therobscure the or ig inal module of s ix t i les, increasingthe di f ferent iated af fect .

I trnlrh Pavi l ion: ARCHITECT

i Foreign Off ice Archi tects

DATE i roclrtor

2005 i Aichi , Japan 22

Backing structurefor t i led wal l

Bracing struts

0r ig inal bui ld ingenclosure

0r ig inal bui ld ingstru ctu re

t lhr areI t Struetural

loRs and

Egrnl€a of thelg def ined

gF0metryt i lac "*

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The John Lewis Department Store produces an embroidered af fect through a pattern of four di f ferent panels thatcan be seamlessly t i led by shar ing the same pattern at their edges. The pattern provides areas of t ransparency andareas of opaci ty that , when repeated on two layers, makes the envelope less t ransparent when seen obl iquely andmore when seen frontal ly, g iv ing the shop f loors a high degree of pr ivacy f rom the exter ior [where the obl ique viewis typical in i ts urban context l whi le preserving maximum views and l ight f rom the inter ior lwhere the f rontalv iew isprominent l . The fragmented patterns of the context , ref lected in the mirror f r i t of the outer layer, combines with thcappl ied geometr ic pattern to create an embroidered af fect .

Four di f ferent lacepanels share thesame pattern attheir per imeter,al lowing the panelsto be t i led seamlesslyto generate anembroideredaffect across, theent i re envelope.The vert ical andhor izontal symmetryof the per imeterpattern al lows eachpanel to be rotated,producing a setof e ight t i les thatare aggregated toproduce a seamlessembroidered af fect .

When seen obl iquely from below the mirror fr i t t ing makes i ld i f f icul t to judge the depth of the pattern as both ref lect ionsand the pattern behind are seen simultaneously.

When seen frontal ly f rom inside looking out the two l , ry l r ' ,of the pattern col lapse on each other, providing grcir l r , rt ransparency from the shop f loor.

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John Lewis Department Store

f r i t pat tern

Inner layer

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ARCHITECT

Foreign of f ice Archi tects

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Dropped cei l ingcavi ty wi thse TVt ce s

More transparencywhen seen f rontal lyfrom shop inter ior

The super imposedpattern is extendedto the cei l ing of thegal lery level

The pattern does notcont inue to the ground,emphasiz ing the skin asan embroidered " fabr ic"

wrapping the masonryconstruct ion rather thana load-bear ing element

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The envelope of the Atr ium at Federat ion square creates a comprex af fectthrough a patterning provided by the structure of i ts exter ior c ladding,usrng a regutar pattern in two dimensions to generate a seemingly r jndomcomposi t ion of e lements in three dimensions.

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fAt r iangles

2 The pattern is t i led in regular rectangular patches that f i l l therect i l inear per imeter of the envelope. The local var iat ion of thetr iangles wi th in each patch camouf lages the regular i ty of theoveral l t i l ing.

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A tr iangle of proportrons 2:1 is t i ledin a regular pattern to generate asimple pinwheel geometry that canbe nested in two dimensions t ,

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Extruding the pattern into two layers, assigning the members of the pattern randomlyroerther the inner or the outer layer, and adding independent diagonal bracing membersenhances the appearance of complexi ty over the regular i ty of the pattern.

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Diagona Ibracing

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: DATE : LOCATION

i 2003 : Melbourne, Auetral ia 21

pEttFr 'n ing determinestt=y of the intor ior and

layet a, whi le r l iagonalmetnhers i lnd struts

the twrr Inyers are comPletelYr r l l l re pinwheel pattern

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The kinet ic af fect of the Louis Vui t ton Roppongi Hi l ls store is produced thr orrr ; l r , rc i rcular pattern associated with the Louis Vui t ton brand, extruded into a ( l ( , r , l r ' , , [ ,Er icomposed of mult ip le layers of g lass, g lass tubes, and perforated stainlc l , , , , t , . , - l

The abstract c i rcular elements of the logo are reconst i tuted with a cataloryr l , r r larchi tectural mater ia ls that generate varying condi t ions of i ransparency,rrrr l r r . l l r , r t ie lon the inter ior of the bui ld inq.

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The composi te of the layers forms a deepscreen that provides varying degrees oft ransparency or opaci ty when seen fromdif ferent angles: more transparent the morefrontal the v iewpoint , more opaque when seenon the obl ique.

Porosi ty according to v iewing angle

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vegetat ion on the si te

4 The pixel pat tern is t ranslated intoan al ternat ing gr id of protrudingand depressed embossings,stamped to four depths - greaterdepths corresponding to darkerareas in the image. Each copperpanel contains a seven by th i r tyf ie ld of embossings.

5 Six di f ferent diameters ofperforat ion are projected onto thepanels in response to vent i lat ionand l ight ing requirements. Thesefol low a twelve by f i f ty gr id on eachpanel .

The two patterns aresuper imposed. Due to themisal ignment of the two patrerns,the perforat ions do not cancel outthe embossings.

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The embossed copper envelope of the De Young Museum uses an image of vegetat ion f rom the context as"mater ia l" to create a di f ferent iated af fect , t ranslat ing i t into a pixelated matr ix which is then bui l t as a three-dimensional ser ies of embossings and perforat ions. The resul t ing pattern of gradients does not depend onthe legibi l i ty of the image that generated i t , but creates a di f ferent iated ser ies of holes that resonate wi th thesurrounding landscape.

2 Invert : b lacks become whireand whites become blacks

3 Pixelate: tone is converted intoa dot matr ix

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DATE

2005

LOCATION i

San Francisco, US i 27I{I

EmboEcied ondFal torated copperclrt lel inq panels

Embossed copper

Adjustable shading

Glazing onto second levelgal ler ies

Folded copperlouver screen

eladding panels

MArER'AL l ight i r ! " ' * , - ,

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The custom-made glass blocks of theMaison de Verre act as a project ion screenfor l ight in both direct ions, creat ing acinematic af fect that a l ternates betweenexternal i l luminat ion by day and internall ight ing by night. L ight rays bounce backonto the glass blocks f rom inter ior objects,producing a luminous cinematic screenof blurred inter ior imaoes.

Inter ior steelcolumns

Ladderp ropfor l ightf ixtu res

Side wingwith insetWINOOWS

Smal lf lood

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Large

f lood l ighlMain wing

The envelope ls composed of 3,617Nevada-type glass blocks [20 x 20 x 4 cm]which wrap the exter ior . Str ip windows areinserted into the gr id of b locks to createdirect v iews at strategic locat ions. Exte ri o r lnter ior

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lFt t r ier objects are i l luminatedBF€l clncmatical ly projected back€Rtc glass fagade as blurredSilhcucttes

LOCATION

Paris, France 30

The sloped cei l ing assists inbouncing l ight to the inter ior

Textur ized Nevadaglass block panels

Steel support structure

Glass blocks are expressedas a non-structural wrapping,sometimes conceal ing thef loor plate and sometimesreveal ing i t

M^rER'aL cladding -{ \ry e:i*,$$ , t rr #

The Ricola Laufen warehouseis c lad in stacked composi tepanels whose height decreasesf rom top to bottom, giv ing thevolume a weighted af fect . Theprogressive increase in theheight of the panels f rom bottomto top subt ly distorts the scale ofthe bui ld ing, making i t seem fartal ler than i t real ly is.

ln the distant v iew, the decreasein scale f rom top to bottommakes the base heavier thanthetop-acontemporaryinterpretat ion of t radi t ionalproport ions that increasesthe visual densi ty of the base.The overscaled cornice at thetop and the tr ipart i te div is ion ofpanel s izes play on the classicalv isual order of base, shaft andcapi ta l , contr ibut ing to theweighted af fect of the whole.

ln the near v iew, the di f ferencein height of the panels is near lyindist inguishable when seenon the obl ique, leaving the truescale of the volume vis ib lewithout distort ion"

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i *:::v.: * M::::1I: DATE

i 1987

LOCATION

Laufen, Switzer land

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32

Wooden struts ofproject ing cornice

lnsulated membraneencroSure

Structural f raming

Wooden console"supports for ra inscreen

Concrete composi terarn screen panels

Concrete blocksupports for rainscreen pur l ins

MArER'AL cladding *$**px

The Signal Box creates anaffect of var iable depth bycladding the ordinary volumeof an electr ical s ignai box inthin hor izontal copper bandsthat are twisted at strategiclocat ions to provide l ight to iheinhabi ted spaces within. Thecont inuous transi t ion f rom af lat facade of copper bandsto a screen of twisted louversvar ies the v isual depthof the envelope

The copper louvers that wrap the exter ioralso act as a Faraday cage' , protect ing themachinery inside f rom electro-magnet ici nterfere n ce.

A distort ion o{ depth isachieved by a s imple 90-degree twist of the louvers,reveal ing the structural wal land windows behind.

I

iDATE : LOCATION

' I ' I199t i easel, switzerland i JJ

Frert io l ly v is ib le windowsbehind the louvers increasethe var iat ion betweenlh l r lncss and depth

fows ofus00 to

n the twis lth: louvers

Afger ef twisted louversEEFC€t opaquc or t ransparent€ePendtng on the viewpoint ,€ l ternatelY Permit t ing or€€nsacl i t rq the box behind

Concrete structureof s ignal box

Window f raming

Weathermembrane

Battens andsheathing at tachedto the concretestructure provrdea surface torat taching thebrackets thatsupport the louvers

MA"*'AL pattgrn -r+*'" $6 r*ffi ffi

The envelope of the Chr ist ian Dior Ginza store creates a tar tan af fect through an of fset pattern of dots on twolayers, one perforated and one si lkscreened. The resul t ing combinat ion produces a f l icker ing v iewthrough anenvelope whose scale in depth is di f f icul t to iudoe.

1 Perforat ions in the outerskin create a str ipedpattern inscr ibed withinnine metal panels.

2 Inner panels are s i lk-screened with an ident icalpattern of d i f ferent s izeddots, one third smal ler .

3 Inner and outer panelsal ign, but the smal lern:t iarn ic chi f tod

re lat ive to the gr id.

4 The smal ler patterrrrepeats every two pi l r r , l rand the larger evcr y | | r r ur .so they appear nol lo , r l rqrr

The repeated dot pattern impl ies that the innerand outer patterns should al ign. Becausethe inner pattern is a scaled-down version ofthe outer pattern, the resul t ing perspect ivaldistort ion makes i t appe.ar far ther away than i tactual ly is.

The cavi ty between the outer and inner layersis i l luminated with f iber opt ics, combining withthe shi f t ing v isual a l ignment of the two patternsto occlude or i l luminate the perforat ions as theviewing angle changes and create a f l icker ingtartan af fect .

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ARCHITECT

Kumiko Inui

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Envelope stanchion

Support brackets

S i I ksc reen eddot pattern

Farforated metal panels

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The Apl ix Factory creates a camouf laged af fect by usingref lect ive metal panels to f ragment and mult ip ly thesurrounding landscape. The folded metal panels ref lectin two direct ions s imultaneously, super imposing mult ip leviews into a f ragmented image of sky and landscape thatcamouf lages a large bui ld ing wi th in i ts context .

The corrugat ions of thefolded panels are structural ,st i f fening them so that theyrequire no framing, no bol tsor other v is ib le connect ionsthat would detract f rom thecamouf laged af fect .

Concealed framingsrru cru re

Folded metal panels

The low, spread-out mass of the bui ld ing helpsi t d isappear in the landscape, blending with thel ine of the hor izon when seen from a distance.

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ARCHITECT

Dominique Perraul l

:

1999 :LOCATION

Nantes, France

A thin f o lded metal cornicecovers the corrugat ionsat the top of the bui ld ing,conceal ing the prof i le of thebui ld ing so the depth of thecnvelope disappears

BackingC-chan nelstru cIu re

La no sca peref l ect i o ns

MArER'ar color i . , ' l; i ; ; : l

40 mm polycarbonateThe layered envelope of the LabanDance Center creates a tonal af fectby color-coding the di f ferent inter iorprograms behind an exter ior oft ranslucent polycarbonate panels.A di f ferent color is given to eachdance studio leach with i ts ownsize, height, and forml, whi le theouter polycarbonate Iayer blurs thedi f ferent colors into a ser ies of tonalgradients whose intensi ty var ies overthe course of the day.

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The chromat ic system is composedof three colors, each with three tonalvar iat ions.

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West fagade, dayt ime gradatron

West fagade, nightt ime gradat ion

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Llbrn Dance Center

ARCHITECT

Herzog & de Meuron i ilil:l,,- i 38

Translucentglass behindpo lyca rbo n atedi f fuses l ight intodance studios

Aluminumsupport structurebehind f lushpo lyca rbonatesu r face

Semi-ref lect iveexter ior windowsmirror landscape

DATE

2003

Transparent polycarbonatepanels protect agatnstglare and heat radiat ion

Steel mul l ion supportbrackets al lowpolycarbonate to f loatabove ground plane

MArER'Ar Imagg "un" ffim r$m $

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The Eberswalde Librarycreates a ser ia l af fect bycladding the f loors in bandsof concrete and glass panelscovered with s i lkscreenedphotographs, dissolv ing theenvelope into a pattern ofrana:t ihd imrdac

The i r regular rhythm of the hor izontalbands of images, of varying heights- one, two, or three panels ta l l -obscures the regular rhythm of the f loorplates and clerestory window bands.

Windowpattern

Si lkscreened ceramic f r i t g lass panel1. Si lkscreen is placed over glazed panel .2. Ceramic is appl ied through screen.3. Si lkscreen is removed and ceramic

is heat- fused to glazed panel .

Si lkscreened cast concrete panel1. lmage is s i lkscreened onto formwork

l iner using sett ing reiardant.2. Panel is cast .3. Panel removed from formwork

after set t ing. Retardant and unsetconcrete r insed and brushed fromface of panel .

: ARCHITECTFNO 'FC

T

Elt6rEwalde Library : *:::111l lllll1I-l:-:: YllDATE : LOCATION

'A1999 : Eberswalde, Germany 11

Clerestory windowmasked bysi lkscreened glasspanel above headheight providesdi f fuse l ight ing

Shelvingintegrated withexter ior wal l

lntegrated deskcpt ai hoinhi

of t ransparentwindows fordirect v iews

F: l lhcr t t , r tncd cast

I i l t i l | r , l0 panels

nrArk l l r r ) presence

rr f i t r l r , t ior f looral, r l r r , r r t l wal ls

l l r t t l r l t heightql lkrr t r rcned

l t r rdr l r ' , ; are cut of f

l ry l l l ( . l fansparent

wl i l r lowf;

I t , r t r , , lxrrentwlt r r low: i interruptbFt t i r l l )ot ternrr l inr lqcs