the future of energy psychology david feinstein, ph.d. objectives - you will be able to: objectives...

THE FUTURE OFTHE FUTURE OF

ENERGY PSYCHOLOGYENERGY PSYCHOLOGY

David Feinstein, Ph.D.David Feinstein, Ph.D.

OBJECTIVES - YOU WILL BE ABLE OBJECTIVES - YOU WILL BE ABLE TO:TO: Name 3 areas where energy Name 3 areas where energy

psychologypsychology will be applied.will be applied.

Describe one explanatory model in Describe one explanatory model in EP EP you believe will persist.you believe will persist.

Describe an ethical issue that will Describe an ethical issue that will emerge.emerge.



To understand your future . . .



To understand your future . . .

it helps to understand

OUR ANCESTORS

Non-technological cultures

OUR ANCESTORS

Non-technological cultures (i.e., closer to nature)

OUR ANCESTORS


from all over the world

OUR ANCESTORS


from all over the world and extending back to ancient times

OUR ANCESTORS


from all over the world and extending back to ancient times had language

OUR ANCESTORS


from all over the world and extending back to ancient times had language, concepts, and methods

OUR ANCESTORS


from all over the world and extending back to ancient times had language, concepts, and methods that were attuned

OUR ANCESTORS


from all over the world and extending back to ancient times had language, concepts, and methods that were attuned to the subtle energies

OUR ANCESTORS


from all over the world and extending back to ancient times had language, concepts, and methods that were attuned to the subtle energies that influence body, mind, and spirit.

OUR ANCESTORS

Not only recognized these energies

OUR ANCESTORS

Not only recognized these energies

they found ways to influence them.

OUR ANCESTORS

THE FIELD’S MORE IMMEDIATE FAMILY


is

Clinical Psychology


is

100 years of psychotherapy

100 years of psychotherapy has taught us:

1. A relationship can be established


1. A relationship can be established between two people


1. A relationship can be established between two people where purposeful interventions on the part of one


1. A relationship can be established between two people where purposeful interventions on the part of one can produce desired changes

in the other’s



in the other’s emotions



in the other’s emotions, thought



in the other’s emotions, thought, and behavioral patterns.




2. Insight often isn’t enough to produce these changes.





3. There is a neurological component to most psych-

ological problems





3. There is a neurological component to most psychological problems and to treatments that result in overcoming these problems.


But even after 100 years of psychotherapy


30-minute permanent cures of long-standing phobias



are still outside the box !

Frequently within Energy Psychology: Frequently within Energy Psychology:


• • a longstanding emotional problema longstanding emotional problem



• • has been permanently curedhas been permanently cured




• • with a largely physical interventionwith a largely physical intervention




• • with a largely physical interventionwith a largely physical intervention

• • that required less than 30 minutesthat required less than 30 minutes

Seasoned therapistsSeasoned therapists


are skeptical & point out:are skeptical & point out:



• • Therapy is not that rapidTherapy is not that rapid




• • Time is needed to build Time is needed to build rapportrapport




• • Time is needed to build rapportTime is needed to build rapport

• • to examine antecedents of problemto examine antecedents of problem






• • to explore meaning of symptomsto explore meaning of symptoms







• • to assess appropriate treatmentsto assess appropriate treatments







• • to assess appropriate treatmentsto assess appropriate treatments

• • to apply them, observe, & reviseto apply them, observe, & revise

The treatment outcomes make no The treatment outcomes make no sense if we try to understand sense if we try to understand them in terms ofthem in terms of

The treatment outcomes make no The treatment outcomes make no sense if we try to understand sense if we try to understand them in terms ofthem in terms of

• • insightinsight

The treatment outcomes make no The treatment outcomes make no sense if we try to understand them sense if we try to understand them in terms ofin terms of


• • cognitive restructuringcognitive restructuring

The treatment outcomes make no sense The treatment outcomes make no sense if we try to understand them in terms ofif we try to understand them in terms of



• • reward & punishmentreward & punishment

The treatment outcomes make no sense The treatment outcomes make no sense if we try to understand them in terms ofif we try to understand them in terms of



• • reward and punishmentreward and punishment

• • curative powers of the relationshipcurative powers of the relationship

WHEN A THEORY CANNOT ACCOUNT FOR

WHEN A THEORY CANNOT ACCOUNT FOR significant observed phenomena

WHEN A THEORY CANNOT ACCOUNT FOR significant observed phenomena, it

is time to either form a professional organization around the theory to protect

it



it

or . . .



it

or . . .

expand the theory.

THE FUTURE OF ENERGY THE FUTURE OF ENERGY PSYCHOLOGY:PSYCHOLOGY:


• • New Explanatory ModelsNew Explanatory Models



• • New Applications / New SettingsNew Applications / New Settings




• • New Ethical IssuesNew Ethical Issues

THE FUTURE OF ENERGY PSYCHOLOGY:THE FUTURE OF ENERGY PSYCHOLOGY:




• • A Jagged Path to AcceptanceA Jagged Path to Acceptance

NEW EXPLANATORY MODELSNEW EXPLANATORY MODELS

NEW EXPLANATORY MODELS . . .NEW EXPLANATORY MODELS . . .

. . . are not just for the ivory tower.

NEW EXPLANATORY MODELS . . .NEW EXPLANATORY MODELS . . .

. . . they will change how we view our world.

NEW EXPLANATORY MODELS:NEW EXPLANATORY MODELS:

. . . they will change how we view our world.

NEW EXPLANATORY MODELS NEW EXPLANATORY MODELS based based on:on:

NEW EXPLANATORY MODELS based NEW EXPLANATORY MODELS based on:on:

1. Clinical Observations1. Clinical Observations



2. Efficacy Research2. Efficacy Research

NEW EXPLANATORY MODELS based on:NEW EXPLANATORY MODELS based on:



3. Studies of Specific Protocols3. Studies of Specific Protocols





4. New Knowledge in Related Areas4. New Knowledge in Related Areas


1. Clinical Observations1. Clinical ObservationsIn the history of psychotherapy, there

has probably never been a greater number of clinical reports about the

effectiveness of a new treatment coming from a wider range of clinical settings

and therapist orientations.

Efficacy Research:Efficacy Research:


IS IT JUST RELAXATION?IS IT JUST RELAXATION?


IS IT JUST RELAXATION?IS IT JUST RELAXATION?

Comparing a relaxation method with the stimulation of acupressure points in the single-session treatment of phobias of small animals,

the acupressure treatment was significantly more effective

B B Journal of Clinical Journal of Clinical PsychologyPsychology

First Large Scale StudyFirst Large Scale Study



11 Allied Clinics in Argentina and Uruguay11 Allied Clinics in Argentina and Uruguay




14 Year Period14 Year Period





31,400 Patients Received Energy Therapy31,400 Patients Received Energy Therapy






36 Clinicians (23 MDs, 2 RNs, 11 MAs)36 Clinicians (23 MDs, 2 RNs, 11 MAs)







70% Improvement Rate70% Improvement Rate







70% Improvement Rate70% Improvement Rate

Prin. Investigator: Joaquín Andrade, M.D.Prin. Investigator: Joaquín Andrade, M.D.


Sub-Study 1Sub-Study 1



5,000 Patients with Anxiety Disorders5,000 Patients with Anxiety Disorders




5-1/2 Year Period5-1/2 Year Period





2,500 Received Energy Therapy 2,500 Received Energy Therapy (randomized)(randomized)






2,500 Received CBT/Medication (control 2,500 Received CBT/Medication (control group)group)







Followed at 1, 3, 6, & 12 Months After Followed at 1, 3, 6, & 12 Months After TreatmentTreatment







Followed at 1, 3, 6, & 12 Months After Followed at 1, 3, 6, & 12 Months After TreatmentTreatment

Raters Did Not Know Treatment ApproachRaters Did Not Know Treatment Approach


Sub-Study 1 OutcomesSub-Study 1 Outcomes

CBT GROUPCBT GROUP ENERGY GROUPENERGY GROUP

PositivePositive Clinical Clinical ResponseResponse

CompleteCompleteFreedom FromFreedom From SymptomsSymptoms




PositivePositive Clinical Clinical 63%63% ResponseResponse

CompleteCompleteFreedom FromFreedom From SymptomsSymptoms




PositivePositive Clinical Clinical 63%63% ResponseResponse

CompleteCompleteFreedom FromFreedom From 51%51% SymptomsSymptoms




PositivePositive Clinical Clinical 63%63% 90%90% ResponseResponse

CompleteCompleteFreedom FromFreedom From 51%51% SymptomsSymptoms




PositivePositive Clinical Clinical 63%63% 90%90% ResponseResponse

CompleteCompleteFreedom FromFreedom From 51%51% 76%76% SymptomsSymptoms



Average Number of Sessions with Patients Average Number of Sessions with Patients Showing Positive Results (N=190):Showing Positive Results (N=190):


Number of Number of SessionsSessions

Mean # ofMean # of SessionsSessions





Number of Number of 9 to 209 to 20 SessionsSessions

Mean # ofMean # of SessionsSessions





Number of Number of 9 to 209 to 20 SessionsSessions

Mean # ofMean # of 1515 SessionsSessions





Number of Number of 9 to 209 to 20 1 to 1 to 77 SessionsSessions

Mean # ofMean # of 1515 SessionsSessions





Number of Number of 9 to 209 to 20 1 to 1 to 77 SessionsSessions

Mean # ofMean # of 1515 33 SessionsSessions



Comparing Tapping with Needles on Same Comparing Tapping with Needles on Same Acupuncture Points with Panic Patients:Acupuncture Points with Panic Patients:

TAPPING TAPPING NEEDLESNEEDLES (N=40) (N=38)(N=40) (N=38)

Positive Positive Response Response





Positive Positive 77.5%77.5% Response Response





Positive Positive 77.5%77.5% 50% 50% Response Response



Comparing Energy Treatment with Comparing Energy Treatment with Medication for Generalized Anxiety Medication for Generalized Anxiety Disorder:Disorder:

TAPPING TAPPING MEDICATIONMEDICATION (N=34) (N=30)(N=34) (N=30)

Positive Positive Response Response





Positive Positive 79.4%79.4% Response Response





Positive Positive 79.4%79.4% 70% 70% Response Response





Positive Positive 79.4% 79.4% 70% 70% Response Response

About 1/2 the medication group suffered from side About 1/2 the medication group suffered from side effectseffects

and from rebounds after discontinuing medication. and from rebounds after discontinuing medication.

No side effects were found in the tapping group.No side effects were found in the tapping group.


South America StudySouth America Study

. . . a large n, controlled, . . . a large n, controlled, randomized design with randomized design with

statistically impressive results.statistically impressive results.



. . . a large n, controlled, . . . a large n, controlled, randomized design with randomized design with

statistically impressive results.statistically impressive results.

Does this mean that the efficacy of Does this mean that the efficacy of energy psychology been proven?energy psychology been proven?



Not replicated. Not replicated.




Always conceived of as a preliminary Always conceived of as a preliminary investigation. investigation.





Some of the variables were not strictly Some of the variables were not strictly monitored. monitored.






Record keeping was relatively informal. Record keeping was relatively informal.







Outcome assessments were subjective ratings. Outcome assessments were subjective ratings.








Source data was not always retained. Source data was not always retained.








Source data was not always retained. Source data was not always retained.

Never published in a scientific journal or even Never published in a scientific journal or even submitted to one for all these reasons.submitted to one for all these reasons.


THE STATE OF EFFICACY RESEARCHTHE STATE OF EFFICACY RESEARCHEfficacy Research:Efficacy Research:

Still in its adolescence. Still in its adolescence.


Still in its adolescence.Still in its adolescence.

No replicated controlled No replicated controlled studies studies in scientific journals. in scientific journals.


Still in its adolescence.Still in its adolescence.

No replicated controlled No replicated controlled studies studies in scientific journals. in scientific journals.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _


WHAT WE DO HAVEWHAT WE DO HAVE


A mass of anecdotal evidence.A mass of anecdotal evidence.




Numerous small or preliminary studies.Numerous small or preliminary studies.





Solid research in related areas such as Solid research in related areas such as Acupuncture and Therapeutic Touch.Acupuncture and Therapeutic Touch.






For instance, acupuncture anesthesia For instance, acupuncture anesthesia can allow painless surgery while the can allow painless surgery while the patient is awake. patient is awake.






For instance, acupuncture anesthesia can For instance, acupuncture anesthesia can allow painless surgery while the patient allow painless surgery while the patient is awake.is awake. That anxiety can be reduced That anxiety can be reduced using similar methods may not be such a using similar methods may not be such a great leap.great leap.



Acupuncture & Brain Images:Acupuncture & Brain Images:

WITHWITH modern brain imaging modern brain imaging techniques, we know a greattechniques, we know a greatdeal about the brain as an deal about the brain as an

electrical system. . .electrical system. . .

Acupuncture & Brain Images:Acupuncture & Brain Images:

The Brain as an Electrical The Brain as an Electrical SystemSystem

THE BRAIN CONSISTS OF SOME

100 Billion Neurons

THE BRAIN CONSISTS OF SOME

100 Billion Neurons

Each is electrochemically connected with up to 10,000

other neurons

HOW TO ASSESS THIS INCOMPREHENSIBLY

COMPLEX ELECTRICAL NETWORK?



The brain generates electrical charges known as Alpha, Beta, Delta, and

Theta waves




Theta waves

Correlate with various psychological states




Theta waves

Correlate with various psychological states

Various psychological disorders exhibit high or low levels of specific

brain waves

ANXIETY

ANXIETY

Diminished signals in the prefrontal and temporal regions

PTSD

Elevated signals in the limbic system, particularly the amygdala

ANXIETY

Diminished signals in the prefrontal and temporal regions

When a person thinks about an emotional problem

When a person thinks about an emotional problem, activation signals

When a person thinks about an emotional problem, activation signals can be registered by various brain-imaging techniques

Amygdala

When a person thinks about an emotional problem, activation signals can be registered by various brain-imaging techniques at the:

Amygdala

Hippocampus


Amygdala

Hippocampus

Orbital frontal cortex


Amygdala

Hippocampus

Orbital frontal cortex

Other CNS structures


SELF-MODULATION OF AROUSAL THROUGH ACUPRESSURE:


Tapping an ACUPOINT sends

signals that may reach the

cortex, the amygdala, the

hippocampus, or

other areas of the brain.


These SIGNALS, as shown via brain imaging:



Reduce elevated limbic activation (anxiety)




Increase prefrontal signals (relaxed control)




Increase prefrontal signals (relaxed control)

Stabilize activity in the limbic system (PTSD)


By tapping these multiple

points



points multiple times



points multiple times, an

anxiety-free state




anxiety-free state seems to

rapidly become conditioned




anxiety-free state seems to

rapidly become conditioned to the

original anxiety-provoking image or thought.

Before Treatment

BRAIN SCANS OVER 12 SESSIONSAcupoint Stimulation for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

After 4 Sessions

After 12 Sessions After 8 Sessions

Normal (Ideal) Profile

Before Treatment

BRAIN SCANS OVER 12 SESSIONSAcupoint Stimulation for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

After 4 Sessions

After 12 Sessions After 8 Sessions

BRAIN SCAN NOTES

The profile shown for this patient is typical of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients in

the South America study who responded positively

to the stimulation of acupoints.

BRAIN SCAN NOTES

The profile shown for this patient is typical of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients in

the South America study who responded positively

to the stimulation of acupoints.

Shifts toward normal levels of wave frequency ratios in the cortex correlated with a decrease

in the intensity and frequency of GAD symptoms.

GAD patients treated with Cognitive Behavior Therapy showed a similar progression, but:


It required a longer period of time for the frontal cortex to get to near-normal ratios of wave frequencies


It required a longer period of time for the frontal cortex to get to near-normal ratios of wave frequencies, and

the normalization of the ratios tended to revert toward pre-treatment levels a year after the end of the psychotherapy much more frequently than they did for the energy treatment group.

MEDICATION vs. TAPPING

Generalized anxiety disorder patients treated with anti-anxiety medications tended to show little or no cortex normalization


Generalized anxiety disorder patients treated with anti-anxiety medications tended to show little or no cortex normalizationeven though symptoms were reduced while the drug was being taken.


Generalized anxiety disorder patients treated with anti-anxiety medications tended to show little or no cortex normalizationeven though symptoms were reduced while the drug was being taken.

This suggests that the medication is suppressing the symptoms without addressing the wave frequency imbalances.

In short, stimulating specific acupoints sends signals to brain regions . . .

In short, stimulating specific acupoints sends signals to brain regions . . .

. . . so an anxiety-evoking image can be quickly neutralized and tends to remain so.

THREE NEUROLOGICAL FACTSTHREE NEUROLOGICAL FACTS


1. Remembering a past event can 1. Remembering a past event can weaken (or strengthen) the weaken (or strengthen) the connections to and from the connections to and from the amygdala that trigger fear.amygdala that trigger fear.

Research program by Joseph LeDoux at Research program by Joseph LeDoux at NYU.NYU.


2. Brain wave patterns that are markers 2. Brain wave patterns that are markers of anxiety have been identified.of anxiety have been identified.


3. The stimulation of specific 3. The stimulation of specific acupuncture points sends signals to acupuncture points sends signals to given parts of the brain that can shift given parts of the brain that can shift brain wave patterns.brain wave patterns.


1. Remembering a past event can make the connections to and from the amygdala amenable to change.

2. Brain wave patterns that are markers 2. Brain wave patterns that are markers of anxiety have been identified.of anxiety have been identified.

3. Stimulating specific acupuncture 3. Stimulating specific acupuncture points can shift brain wave patterns.points can shift brain wave patterns.

TWO HYPOTHESESTWO HYPOTHESES

HYPOTHESIS 1HYPOTHESIS 1


When an Image When an Image


When an Image When an Image leads toleads to


When an Image When an Image leads toleads to Fear or Fear or AnxietyAnxiety



Tapping Tapping



Tapping Tapping whilewhile



Tapping Tapping whilewhile Holding the Holding the Image Image




Changes the Changes the Neurochemistry Neurochemistry




Changes the Changes the reducingreducing Neurochemistry Neurochemistry the the




Changes the Changes the reducingreducing anxious anxious response Neurochemistry response Neurochemistry the the to to that image that image


Stimulating specific electrically inductive Stimulating specific electrically inductive points on the skin points on the skin



while simultaneously activating an while simultaneously activating an anxiety-provoking image anxiety-provoking image




reduces neurological connections in the reduces neurological connections in the amygdala and other brain structuresamygdala and other brain structures




reduces neurological connections in the reduces neurological connections in the amygdala and other brain structures amygdala and other brain structures

that trigger the anxious response to that that trigger the anxious response to that image.image.




Changes the Changes the reducingreducing anxious anxious response Neurochemistry response Neurochemistry the the to to that imagethat image


Stimulating other electrically inductive Stimulating other electrically inductive points on the skinpoints on the skin


Stimulating other electrically inductive Stimulating other electrically inductive points on the skin points on the skin

while simultaneously activating positive while simultaneously activating positive images or affirmations images or affirmations




facilitates the formation of neural facilitates the formation of neural connectionsconnections




facilitates the formation of neural facilitates the formation of neural connections connections

that strengthen those images and that strengthen those images and affirmations.affirmations.

IN BRIEFIN BRIEF

IN BRIEFIN BRIEFStimulating a set of electrically inductive Stimulating a set of electrically inductive points on the skinpoints on the skin

IN BRIEFIN BRIEFStimulating a set of electrically inductive Stimulating a set of electrically inductive points on the skin points on the skin

while simultaneously activating an imagewhile simultaneously activating an image



facilitates a shift in neural connectionsfacilitates a shift in neural connections



facilitates a shift in neural connections facilitates a shift in neural connections

that change the person’s response to that that change the person’s response to that image.image.





Reducing negative responses Reducing negative responses (Hypothesis 1)(Hypothesis 1)





Reducing negative responses Reducing negative responses (Hypothesis 1)(Hypothesis 1)

Enhancing desired responses Enhancing desired responses (Hypothesis 2) (Hypothesis 2)

PREDICTION 1PREDICTION 1::



Empirical investigation will demonstrate Empirical investigation will demonstrate decisively decisively



Empirical investigation will demonstrate Empirical investigation will demonstrate decisively decisively that the methods of energy that the methods of energy psychology psychology



Empirical investigation will demonstrate Empirical investigation will demonstrate decisively that the methods of energy decisively that the methods of energy psychology psychology provide a neurologically provide a neurologically potent interventionpotent intervention



Empirical investigation will demonstrate Empirical investigation will demonstrate decisively that the methods of energy decisively that the methods of energy psychology provide a neurologically psychology provide a neurologically potent intervention potent intervention for strengthening the for strengthening the mental habits and attitudes mental habits and attitudes



Empirical investigation will demonstrate Empirical investigation will demonstrate decisively that the methods of energy decisively that the methods of energy psychology provide a neurologically potent psychology provide a neurologically potent intervention for strengthening the mental intervention for strengthening the mental habits and attitudes habits and attitudes that promote that promote psychological well beingpsychological well being



Empirical investigation will demonstrate decisively Empirical investigation will demonstrate decisively that the methods of energy psychology provide a that the methods of energy psychology provide a neurologically potent intervention for neurologically potent intervention for strengthening the mental habits and attitudes that strengthening the mental habits and attitudes that promote psychological well being and for promote psychological well being and for weakening the mental habits and attitudes that weakening the mental habits and attitudes that interfere with it. interfere with it.


PERHAPS MOST IMPORTANT . . .PERHAPS MOST IMPORTANT . . .




Early indications suggest Early indications suggest



Early indications suggestEarly indications suggest these methods can be these methods can be effectively appliedeffectively applied



Early indications suggest Early indications suggest these methods can be these methods can be effectively appliedeffectively applied to a wide to a wide range of conditionsrange of conditions



Early indications suggest Early indications suggest these methods can be these methods can be effectively applied to a wide effectively applied to a wide range of conditionsrange of conditions and with and with a surprising degree of a surprising degree of flexibility.flexibility.

This flexibility is important because:This flexibility is important because:

If your only tool is medicationIf your only tool is medication


If your only tool is medication,If your only tool is medication, you tend to treat everything as a you tend to treat everything as a biological problem.biological problem.


If your only tool is medication, If your only tool is medication, you tend to treat everything as a you tend to treat everything as a biological problem.biological problem.

If your only tool is talk therapy If your only tool is talk therapy



If your only tool is talk therapy,If your only tool is talk therapy, you tend to treat everything as you tend to treat everything as needing relationship and insight.needing relationship and insight.



If your only tool is talk therapy, If your only tool is talk therapy, you tend to treat everything as you tend to treat everything as needing relationship and insight.needing relationship and insight.

If your only tool is a hammer,If your only tool is a hammer,




If your only tool is a hammer,If your only tool is a hammer, you you tend to treat everything like tend to treat everything like




If your only tool is a hammer, you If your only tool is a hammer, you tend to treat everything tend to treat everything likelike a a nail.nail.


With energy psychology it appears that:With energy psychology it appears that:

We’re not JUST tappingWe’re not JUST tapping

With energy psychology it appears that:With energy psychology it appears that:

And it’s not JUST the same old And it’s not JUST the same old nail.nail.






Studies of Specific Protocols:Studies of Specific Protocols:

WILL ANY POINTS DO?WILL ANY POINTS DO?



Acupressure treatment applied by the Acupressure treatment applied by the paramedic teamparamedic team after a minor injuryafter a minor injury



Acupressure treatment applied by the Acupressure treatment applied by the paramedic team after a minor injury paramedic team after a minor injury resulted in a significantly greater resulted in a significantly greater reduction ofreduction of



Acupressure treatment applied by the Acupressure treatment applied by the paramedic team after a minor injury paramedic team after a minor injury resulted in a significantly greater resulted in a significantly greater reduction of reduction of anxietyanxiety



Acupressure treatment applied by the Acupressure treatment applied by the paramedic team after a minor injury paramedic team after a minor injury resulted in a significantly greater resulted in a significantly greater reduction of anxiety, reduction of anxiety, painpain



Acupressure treatment applied by the Acupressure treatment applied by the paramedic team after a minor injury paramedic team after a minor injury resulted in a significantly greater resulted in a significantly greater reduction of anxiety, pain, and reduction of anxiety, pain, and elevated elevated heart rateheart rate



Acupressure treatment applied by the paramedic Acupressure treatment applied by the paramedic team after a minor injury resulted in a significantly team after a minor injury resulted in a significantly greater reduction of anxiety, pain, and elevated greater reduction of anxiety, pain, and elevated heart rate heart rate than using no pressure pointsthan using no pressure points



Acupressure treatment applied by the Acupressure treatment applied by the paramedic team after a minor injury resulted paramedic team after a minor injury resulted in a significantly greater reduction of anxiety, in a significantly greater reduction of anxiety, pain, and elevated heart rate than using no pain, and elevated heart rate than using no pressure points pressure points or stimulating sham points. or stimulating sham points.



Acupressure treatment applied by the paramedic Acupressure treatment applied by the paramedic team after a minor injury resulted in a significantly team after a minor injury resulted in a significantly greater reduction of anxiety, pain, and elevated greater reduction of anxiety, pain, and elevated heart rate than using no pressure points or heart rate than using no pressure points or stimulating sham points. stimulating sham points.

- - Anesthesia & AnalgesiaAnesthesia & Analgesia


New Knowledge from Related Areas:New Knowledge from Related Areas:

"There are more things in heaven and earth, Psychology, than are

dreamt of in your philosophy."

Shakespeare to Psychology:


Spring Water Antarctic Ice

Fountain at Lourdes Polluted River

Distilled Water

Beethoven’s Pastorale

Kawachi Folk Dance Heavy Metal Music

Before offering a prayer After offering a prayer

Water from Fujiwara Dam

Distilled Water

“Thank you.”“You make me sick. I will kill

you.”

When groups of meditators


When groups of meditators have been

brought into areas of war and ethnic

tension

When groups of meditators have been

brought into areas of war and ethnic

tension, a significant reduction of

violence has followed.

So significant, in fact, that the odds of this happening by chance was

1 in 19 billion, or

p < .00000000000000000009

p < .00000000000000000009

p < .01

THE IMPACT OF MEDITATORS ON A LOCAL COMMUNITY HAS BEEN

CALLED



CALLED

“the most thoroughly tested and rigorously established

phenomenon in the history of social science.”


CALLED

“the most thoroughly tested and rigorously established

phenomenon in the history of social science.”

-- John Hagelin, Ph.D. (Physicist) Manual for a Perfect Government

INTENTION AND PRAYER CAN:



Impact electronic instruments




Increase enzyme production





Make plants grow faster





Make plants grow faster

Enhance healing in humans


DNA:


Registers shifts in emotion

DNA:



Even in a cell in the next room

DNA:



Even in a cell in the next room

Even 400 miles away

DNA:


ANGER, RAGE, JEALOUSY:


DNA strands become more tightly bound

LOVE, COMPASSION, GRATITUDE:


DNA becomes more loosely bound


DNA strands become more tightly bound


DNA becomes more loosely bound

PREDICTION 2PREDICTION 2: :

Explanatory Models:Explanatory Models:


Clinical observations, research, and Clinical observations, research, and new discoveries in other areasnew discoveries in other areas



Clinical observations, research, and Clinical observations, research, and new discoveries in other areas new discoveries in other areas will will converge in a manner that nestsconverge in a manner that nests



Clinical observations, research, and Clinical observations, research, and new discoveries in other areas will new discoveries in other areas will converge in a manner that nests converge in a manner that nests a a precise neurological mappingprecise neurological mapping



Clinical observations, research, and new Clinical observations, research, and new discoveries in other areas will converge in discoveries in other areas will converge in a manner that combines a precise a manner that combines a precise neurological mapping neurological mapping withinwithin a coherent a coherent and practical understanding and practical understanding



Clinical observations, research, and new Clinical observations, research, and new discoveries in other areas will converge in a discoveries in other areas will converge in a manner that combines a precise neurological manner that combines a precise neurological mapping with a coherent and practical mapping with a coherent and practical understanding understanding of the role of subtle energies of the role of subtle energies and thought fields.and thought fields.



Clinical observations, research, and new Clinical observations, research, and new discoveries in other areas will converge in a discoveries in other areas will converge in a manner that combines a precise neurological manner that combines a precise neurological mapping with a coherent and practical mapping with a coherent and practical understanding of the role of subtle energies understanding of the role of subtle energies and thought fields.and thought fields.


New Applications / New Settings:New Applications / New Settings:

PREDICTION 3PREDICTION 3: : Laypersons and professionals will experiment Laypersons and professionals will experiment

with bringing energy interventionswith bringing energy interventions



with bringing energy interventionswith bringing energy interventions into all into all walks of life. walks of life.




BusinessBusiness




BusinessBusiness

Peak PerformancePeak Performance



with bringing energy interventionswith bringing energy interventions into all walks into all walks of life. of life.

BusinessBusiness


EducationEducation


PREDICTION 3PREDICTION 3: : Laypersons and professionals will experiment with Laypersons and professionals will experiment with

bringing energy interventionsbringing energy interventions into all walks of life. into all walks of life.

BusinessBusiness


EducationEducation

Health Care Health Care


BusinessBusiness

Complaint Department StaffComplaint Department Staff

Business (Steve Wells):Business (Steve Wells):


Focus on dealing w/difficult customersFocus on dealing w/difficult customers

Business:Business:



Approval rating went from 8% to 51%, Approval rating went from 8% to 51%, Morale Morale ↑↑

Business:Business:



Approval rating went from 8% to 51%, Morale Approval rating went from 8% to 51%, Morale ↑↑

Sales Team Sales Team

Business:Business:





Focus on Barriers to Achieving their Goals Focus on Barriers to Achieving their Goals

Business:Business:






$4.5 to $7 million in 15 months winning awards $4.5 to $7 million in 15 months winning awards for quality as well as quantityfor quality as well as quantity

Business:Business:






$4.5 to $7 in 15 months winning awards $4.5 to $7 in 15 months winning awards for quality as well as quantityfor quality as well as quantity Other Focuses: Other Focuses:

Business:Business:






$4.5 to $7 in 15 months winning awards $4.5 to $7 in 15 months winning awards for quality as well as quantityfor quality as well as quantity Other Focuses: Stress Mgmt Other Focuses: Stress Mgmt

Business:Business:






$4.5 to $7 in 15 months winning awards $4.5 to $7 in 15 months winning awards for quality as well as quantityfor quality as well as quantity Other Focuses: Stress Mgmt, Conflict ResOther Focuses: Stress Mgmt, Conflict Res

Business:Business:






$4.5 to $7 in 15 months winning awards $4.5 to $7 in 15 months winning awards for quality as well as quantityfor quality as well as quantity Other Focuses: Stress Mgmt, Conflict ResOther Focuses: Stress Mgmt, Conflict Res Managing ChangeManaging Change

Business:Business:






$4.5 to $7 in 15 months winning awards $4.5 to $7 in 15 months winning awards for quality as well as quantityfor quality as well as quantity Other Focuses: Stress Mgmt, Conflict ResOther Focuses: Stress Mgmt, Conflict Res Managing Change, Customer ResponsivenessManaging Change, Customer Responsiveness

Business:Business:


bringing energy interventionsbringing energy interventions into into all walks of life.all walks of life.

BusinessBusiness


EducationEducation

Health CareHealth Care


PAT AHEARNEPAT AHEARNEAustralian Baseball League’sAustralian Baseball League’s

Pitcher of the YearPitcher of the Year

Peak Performance:Peak Performance:



Last 46 Innings 41 InningsLast 46 Innings 41 Innings Before EFT: After EFT:Before EFT: After EFT:

Hits Allowed 43 Hits Allowed 43

Walks Allowed Walks Allowed

Earned Runs Earned Runs






Walks Allowed 18 Walks Allowed 18

Earned Runs Earned Runs







Earned Runs 17 Earned Runs 17





Hits Allowed 43 15Hits Allowed 43 15








Walks Allowed 18 7Walks Allowed 18 7







Walks Allowed 18 7Walks Allowed 18 7

Earned Runs 17 4Earned Runs 17 4




“ “Steve and I worked together using EFT to lessen or eliminate the Steve and I worked together using EFT to lessen or eliminate the mental barriers preventing my consistently producing my best games mental barriers preventing my consistently producing my best games

as a pitcher has been astounding. I had more consistency, better as a pitcher has been astounding. I had more consistency, better command of my pitches, and won big games with less mental effort.”command of my pitches, and won big games with less mental effort.”



bringing energy interventions into all walks of life.bringing energy interventions into all walks of life.

BusinessBusiness


EducationEducation

Health CareHealth Care




BusinessBusiness


EducationEducation

Health Care (from weight Health Care (from weight




BusinessBusiness


EducationEducation

Health Care (from weight to allergies Health Care (from weight to allergies




BusinessBusiness


EducationEducation

Health Care (from weight to allergies to surgery)Health Care (from weight to allergies to surgery)


PREDICTION 3aPREDICTION 3a: :

Children will be taught energy Children will be taught energy interventions as routinely as interventions as routinely as they are taught the basic they are taught the basic principles of first aid. principles of first aid.


PREDICTION 3bPREDICTION 3b: :

Adults will be expected to have a reasonable degree of competence in managing problematic emotions such as:

Irrational Anger AnxietyIrrational Anger Anxiety

Jealousy Self-HatredJealousy Self-Hatred


PREDICTION 3cPREDICTION 3c: :

Couples will be able to:Couples will be able to:

reduce reactiveness toward one anotherreduce reactiveness toward one another

heal past hurts and resentments and heal past hurts and resentments and

change family-of-origin patterns change family-of-origin patterns

that interfere with the current relationship.that interfere with the current relationship.


PREDICTION 3dPREDICTION 3d: :

Working with the energies that bridge Working with the energies that bridge us to the larger environment will be us to the larger environment will be seen as a path to greater spiritual seen as a path to greater spiritual connection.connection.


PREDICTION 3 a - dPREDICTION 3 a - d: : Laypersons and professionals will experiment Laypersons and professionals will experiment

with bringing energy interventions into all with bringing energy interventions into all walks of life. walks of life.

ChildrenChildren




ChildrenChildren

AdultsAdults



with bringing energy interventions into all walks with bringing energy interventions into all walks of life. of life.

ChildrenChildren

AdultsAdults

CouplesCouples


PREDICTION 3 a - dPREDICTION 3 a - d: : Laypersons and professionals will experiment with Laypersons and professionals will experiment with

bringing energy interventions into all walks of life. bringing energy interventions into all walks of life.

ChildrenChildren

AdultsAdults

CouplesCouples

Universal issues such as spiritual connectionUniversal issues such as spiritual connection




The experience that will be gathered will The experience that will be gathered will




The experience that will be gathered willThe experience that will be gathered will

refine the proceduresrefine the procedures






demonstrate the necessary and sufficient demonstrate the necessary and sufficient conditions for effective interventions, and conditions for effective interventions, and






demonstrate the necessary and sufficient conditions demonstrate the necessary and sufficient conditions for effective interventions, and for effective interventions, and

identify the powers and limitations of the approach.identify the powers and limitations of the approach.


PREDICTION 5PREDICTION 5: : Therapists, counselors, life coaches, Therapists, counselors, life coaches,

educators, clergy, and human resources educators, clergy, and human resources personnel personnel


PREDICTION 5PREDICTION 5: : Therapists, counselors, life coaches, Therapists, counselors, life coaches,

educators, clergy, and human resources educators, clergy, and human resources personnelpersonnel will routinely utilize energy will routinely utilize energy methods to:methods to:


PREDICTION 5aPREDICTION 5a: : Therapists, counselors, life coaches, Therapists, counselors, life coaches,

educators, clergy, and human resources educators, clergy, and human resources personnel will routinely utilize energy personnel will routinely utilize energy methods to: methods to:

help people overcome dysfunctional help people overcome dysfunctional emotional and psychological patternsemotional and psychological patterns


PREDICTION 5bPREDICTION 5b: : Therapists, counselors, life coaches, educators, Therapists, counselors, life coaches, educators,

clergy, and human resources personnel will clergy, and human resources personnel will routinely utilize energy methods to: routinely utilize energy methods to:

help people overcome dysfunctional emotional help people overcome dysfunctional emotional and psychological patternsand psychological patterns

increase healthincrease health


PREDICTION 5cPREDICTION 5c: : Therapists, counselors, life coaches, educators, Therapists, counselors, life coaches, educators,

clergy, and human resources personnel will clergy, and human resources personnel will routinely utilize energy methods to: routinely utilize energy methods to:

help people overcome dysfunctional emotional and help people overcome dysfunctional emotional and psychological patternspsychological patterns


reach goalsreach goals


PREDICTION 5dPREDICTION 5d: : Therapists, counselors, life coaches, educators, clergy, and Therapists, counselors, life coaches, educators, clergy, and

human resources personnel will routinely utilize energy human resources personnel will routinely utilize energy methods to: methods to:

help people overcome dysfunctional emotional and help people overcome dysfunctional emotional and psychological patternspsychological patterns


reach goalsreach goals

enhance peak performanceenhance peak performance


PREDICTION 6PREDICTION 6: Integrating with : Integrating with other therapies:other therapies:


PREDICTION 6aPREDICTION 6a: Integrating with : Integrating with other therapies:other therapies:

Energy interventions for increasing empathy Energy interventions for increasing empathy can be used to enhance can be used to enhance emotional intelligenceemotional intelligence


PREDICTION 6bPREDICTION 6b: Integrating with : Integrating with other therapies:other therapies:

Energy interventions for increasing empathy Energy interventions for increasing empathy can be used to enhance can be used to enhance emotional intelligenceemotional intelligence

Energy interventions for increasing optimism Energy interventions for increasing optimism can be used within can be used within positive psychologypositive psychology


PREDICTION 6cPREDICTION 6c: Integrating with other : Integrating with other therapies:therapies:

Energy interventions for increasing empathy can be Energy interventions for increasing empathy can be used to enhance used to enhance emotional intelligenceemotional intelligence

Energy interventions for increasing optimism can be Energy interventions for increasing optimism can be used within used within positive psychologypositive psychology

Energy interventions for decreasing self-negating Energy interventions for decreasing self-negating thoughts can be used within thoughts can be used within cognitive psychologycognitive psychology


PREDICTION 6dPREDICTION 6d: Integrating with other : Integrating with other therapies:therapies:

for increasing empathy can be used to enhance for increasing empathy can be used to enhance emotional emotional intelligenceintelligence

Energy interventions for increasing optimism can be used within Energy interventions for increasing optimism can be used within positive psychologypositive psychology

Energy interventions for decreasing self-negating thoughts can be Energy interventions for decreasing self-negating thoughts can be used within used within cognitive psychologycognitive psychology

Energy interventions for managing emotions can decrease the Energy interventions for managing emotions can decrease the need for need for psychiatric medicationpsychiatric medication


PREDICTION 7PREDICTION 7: : Psychotherapists will develop effective Psychotherapists will develop effective

applications of energy interventionsapplications of energy interventions



applications of energy interventions applications of energy interventions even even with diagnoses where early findings have with diagnoses where early findings have generally been discouraging:generally been discouraging:



applications of energy interventions even applications of energy interventions even with diagnoses where early findings have with diagnoses where early findings have generally been discouraging:generally been discouraging:

Dissociative Identity DisorderDissociative Identity Disorder



applications of energy interventions even applications of energy interventions even with diagnoses where early findings have with diagnoses where early findings have generally been discouraging:generally been discouraging:


Borderline Personality DisorderBorderline Personality Disorder


PREDICTION 7PREDICTION 7: : Psychotherapists will develop effective applications Psychotherapists will develop effective applications

of energy interventions even with diagnoses where of energy interventions even with diagnoses where early findings have generally been discouraging:early findings have generally been discouraging:



PsychosisPsychosis


PREDICTION 7PREDICTION 7: : Psychotherapists will develop effective applications of Psychotherapists will develop effective applications of

energy interventions even with diagnoses where early energy interventions even with diagnoses where early findings have generally been discouraging:findings have generally been discouraging:



PsychosisPsychosis

Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderObsessive-Compulsive Disorder


PREDICTION 7PREDICTION 7: : Psychotherapists will develop effective applications of energy Psychotherapists will develop effective applications of energy

interventions even with diagnoses where early findings have interventions even with diagnoses where early findings have generally been discouraging:generally been discouraging:



PsychosisPsychosis

Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderObsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Severe Depression Severe Depression


Working with DepressionWorking with Depression

Tapping using a set-up phrase such as Tapping using a set-up phrase such as "Even though I feel depressed..." and a "Even though I feel depressed..." and a reminder phrase such as “depression” reminder phrase such as “depression”

yielded mainly disappointing results with yielded mainly disappointing results with depressed patients. depressed patients.

U U Clinical Impressions Reported in the Clinical Impressions Reported in the EPIEPI CD CD



An approach by Hank Krol, a therapist at An approach by Hank Krol, a therapist at Stairways Behavioral Health in Erie, PAStairways Behavioral Health in Erie, PA



An approach by Hank Krol, a therapist at An approach by Hank Krol, a therapist at Stairways Behavioral Health in Erie, PAStairways Behavioral Health in Erie, PA

Uses the Depression Inventory on p. 155 of Uses the Depression Inventory on p. 155 of Mind over MoodMind over Mood by Greenberger and by Greenberger and

Pedasky (Guilford Press).Pedasky (Guilford Press).



The Inventory lists 19 symptoms of The Inventory lists 19 symptoms of depression, such as:depression, such as:




• "feeling guilty" "feeling guilty"





• "Irritable mood" "Irritable mood"






• "less interest or pleasure in usual activities""less interest or pleasure in usual activities"






• "less interest or pleasure in usual activities" "less interest or pleasure in usual activities"

• "withdraw from or avoid people" "withdraw from or avoid people"








• "find it harder than usual to do things""find it harder than usual to do things"








• "find it harder than usual to do things""find it harder than usual to do things"

Which are rated on a scale of 1 to 4 according to Which are rated on a scale of 1 to 4 according to frequency the symptom is experienced.frequency the symptom is experienced.



• Focus on 1 or at the most 2 symptoms in a Focus on 1 or at the most 2 symptoms in a single single sessionsession




• If the symptom is not immediately present, If the symptom is not immediately present, “Recall a “Recall a recent situation where you experienced that recent situation where you experienced that symptom at a high intensity.”symptom at a high intensity.”





• Bring down the SUD rating on the symptom Bring down the SUD rating on the symptom during during the session and assign homework focusing on the session and assign homework focusing on this this symptom.symptom.





• Bring down the SUD rating on the symptom Bring down the SUD rating on the symptom during during the session and assign homework focusing on the session and assign homework focusing on this this symptom.symptom.

• Next session, find another memory with same Next session, find another memory with same symptom, rates, and treats if necessary. Stay symptom, rates, and treats if necessary. Stay with with each symptom until down to a manageable each symptom until down to a manageable level.level.



It is also valuable to identify the negative It is also valuable to identify the negative beliefs that accompany depression, such beliefs that accompany depression, such asas




““I’m no good.”I’m no good.”





““I will always fail.”I will always fail.”






““Things will never get better.”Things will never get better.”







““No one can help me.”No one can help me.”







““No one can help me.”No one can help me.”

and treat them one by one. and treat them one by one.



With severe depressionWith severe depression



With severe depression, With severe depression, working working on the symptoms and negative on the symptoms and negative beliefsbeliefs



With severe depression, working With severe depression, working on the symptoms and negative on the symptoms and negative beliefsbeliefsone by oneone by one



With severe depression, working With severe depression, working on the symptoms and negative on the symptoms and negative beliefsbeliefsone by one one by one takes time & takes time & persistencepersistence



With severe depression, working With severe depression, working on the symptoms and negative on the symptoms and negative beliefsbeliefsone by one takes time & one by one takes time & persistence, persistence, but clinical reports but clinical reports are encouraging.are encouraging.



With severe depression, working With severe depression, working on the symptoms and negative on the symptoms and negative beliefsbeliefsone by one takes time & one by one takes time & persistence, but clinical reports persistence, but clinical reports are encouraging.are encouraging.


Implications for PsychotherapyImplications for Psychotherapy


Implications for PsychotherapyImplications for Psychotherapy

Energy methods can be Energy methods can be integrated into virtually any integrated into virtually any

clinical approach with virtually clinical approach with virtually any diagnosis.any diagnosis.


New Ethical Issues:New Ethical Issues:

PREDICTION 8PREDICTION 8: : Ethical concerns will become more pronounced Ethical concerns will become more pronounced

in terms of:in terms of:


PREDICTION 8PREDICTION 8: : Ethical concerns will become more pronounced Ethical concerns will become more pronounced

in terms of:in terms of:

the practitioner’s competence the practitioner’s competence


PREDICTION 8PREDICTION 8: : Ethical concerns will become more pronounced in Ethical concerns will become more pronounced in

terms of:terms of:


scope of practice issuesscope of practice issues


PREDICTION 8PREDICTION 8: : Ethical concerns will become more pronounced in terms of:Ethical concerns will become more pronounced in terms of:



blatantly manipulative applications, such asblatantly manipulative applications, such as






• schools using energy interventions to promote obedience to authority or schools using energy interventions to promote obedience to authority or






• schools using energy interventions to promote obedience to authority orschools using energy interventions to promote obedience to authority or

•the military using them to make soldiers less conscience-bound in their ability to hurt the military using them to make soldiers less conscience-bound in their ability to hurt others. others.


PREDICTION 9PREDICTION 9: : Although still outside established Western Although still outside established Western

paradigmsparadigms

A Jagged Path to AcceptanceA Jagged Path to Acceptance


paradigms,paradigms, the value of energy interventions the value of energy interventions



paradigms, the value of energy interventionsparadigms, the value of energy interventions will come to be recognized within the broader will come to be recognized within the broader culture culture



paradigms, the value of energy interventions paradigms, the value of energy interventions will come to be recognized within the broader will come to be recognized within the broader culture,culture, much like meditation and yoga much like meditation and yoga



paradigms, the value of energy interventions paradigms, the value of energy interventions will come to be recognized within the broader will come to be recognized within the broader culture, much like meditation and yoga,culture, much like meditation and yoga, but the but the path to this acceptance will be somewhat path to this acceptance will be somewhat jagged. jagged.


PREDICTION 10PREDICTION 10: : At this time, the close of 2003, the field has At this time, the close of 2003, the field has

been largely ignored by the allied health care been largely ignored by the allied health care professions. professions.



been largely ignored by the allied health care been largely ignored by the allied health care professions.professions. As research begins to establish its As research begins to establish its efficacy efficacy



been largely ignored by the allied health care been largely ignored by the allied health care professions. As research begins to establish its professions. As research begins to establish its efficacy,efficacy, there will be a large backlash there will be a large backlash



been largely ignored by the allied health care been largely ignored by the allied health care professions. As research begins to establish its professions. As research begins to establish its efficacy, there will be a large backlash,efficacy, there will be a large backlash, particularly within the psychotherapeutic and particularly within the psychotherapeutic and pharmaceutical establishments, pharmaceutical establishments,


PREDICTION 10PREDICTION 10: : At this time, the close of 2003, the field has been At this time, the close of 2003, the field has been

largely ignored by the allied health care largely ignored by the allied health care professions. As research begins to establish its professions. As research begins to establish its efficacy, there will be a large backlash, efficacy, there will be a large backlash, particularly within the psychotherapeutic and particularly within the psychotherapeutic and pharmaceutical establishments,pharmaceutical establishments, attempting to attempting to discredit even robust research findings. discredit even robust research findings.


PREDICTION 10PREDICTION 10: : Insurance carriers, however Insurance carriers, however


PREDICTION 10PREDICTION 10: : Insurance carriers, however,Insurance carriers, however, with an eye with an eye

toward efficient treatment rather than the toward efficient treatment rather than the vested interests of any particular method or vested interests of any particular method or ideology ideology


PREDICTION 10PREDICTION 10: : Insurance carriers, however, with an eye Insurance carriers, however, with an eye

toward efficient treatment rather than the toward efficient treatment rather than the vested interests of any particular method or vested interests of any particular method or ideology,ideology, will be more easily convinced, will be more easily convinced,


PREDICTION 10PREDICTION 10: : Insurance carriers, however, with an eye Insurance carriers, however, with an eye

toward efficient treatment rather than the toward efficient treatment rather than the vested interests of any particular method or vested interests of any particular method or ideology, will be more easily convinced,ideology, will be more easily convinced, and and like the 5,000-year-old practice of its ancestor, like the 5,000-year-old practice of its ancestor, acupuncture acupuncture


PREDICTION 10PREDICTION 10: : Insurance carriers, however, with an eye toward Insurance carriers, however, with an eye toward

efficient treatment rather than the vested efficient treatment rather than the vested interests of any particular method or ideology, interests of any particular method or ideology, will be more easily convinced, and like the 5,000-will be more easily convinced, and like the 5,000-year-old practice of its ancestor, acupuncture:year-old practice of its ancestor, acupuncture:

THE FIELD’S METHODS WILL PREVAIL.THE FIELD’S METHODS WILL PREVAIL.




David Feinstein, Ph.D.David Feinstein, Ph.D.

OBJECTIVES - YOU WILL BE ABLE OBJECTIVES - YOU WILL BE ABLE TO:TO: Name 3 areas where energy Name 3 areas where energy

psychologypsychology will be applied.will be applied.

Describe one explanatory model in Describe one explanatory model in EP EP you believe will persist.you believe will persist.

Describe an ethical issue that will Describe an ethical issue that will emerge.emerge.

the future of energy psychology david feinstein, ph.d. objectives - you will be able to: objectives...

Documents

years of psychotherapy

immediate family slide

nontechnological cultures

ancient times

clinical psychology

subtle energies

explanatory model

ethical issue