the future of the brazilian aeronautical sector and the cooperation … · 2014-11-18 · the...
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The future of the Brazilian aeronautical sector and thecooperation Sweden-Brazil
Prof. Luiz Carlos S. GóesProrector for Research and Post-graduate Studies
Instituto Tecnológico de AeronáuticaITA-DCTA
São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
Outline
1. The Brazilian aeronautical sector and the international scenario;
2. The Brazilian aeronautical industry: challenges and opportunities;
3. Brazil-Sweden opportunities for cooperation in aeronautics;
4. Summary and Conclusions;
1. The Brazilian aeronautical sector
The Brazilian aeronautical sector is comprised of:
Civil aviation sector;
Military aviation sector;
National airport and air traffic infrastructure;
Aeronautical industry;
Scientific-technological infrastructure for aeronauticalR&D, including aeronautical schools, universities, researchinstitutes and its specialized human resources.
1.1. The Brazilian civil aeronautical sector
A large integrative company (OEM) with global integration, manufacturerof commercial jets, business jets and military aircraft – EMBRAER .
Subsidiaries of large international groups active in the aerospaceindustry, suppliers and partners risk of Embraer (Aernnova - OldGamesa, Sobraer - Sonaca Brazilian Aeronautics, Latécoère, C & DInteriors, Parker Hannifin, GKN).
About 300 medium, small, and micro enterprises (MSMEs), suppliers ofgoods and services, of which about 100 have major market in the airlineindustry.
About 500 companies providing maintenance, repair and overhaul ofaircraft engines and aircraft systems (MRO).
Specialized companies to manufacture UAVs and light aircraft.
1.2 The international scenario of the civil aeronautical sector
Since the 2nd World War the consolidation of the aeronautical sector resulted in the
merging and disappearance of many international aircraft manufacturers:
In North-America, US companies such as Douglas, North
American, Convair, Lockheed, have been replaced by Boeing Commercial
Airplanes. The Canada Air gave origin to Bombardier;
In Europe many British, French and Germany a/c manufacturer have been replaced
by the conglomerate Air Bus Group;
In South-America, Embraer is now a major player in the regional aircraft sector.
Unique factors influence the aeronautical industry and has a profound effecton the distribution of aircraft manufactures around the world (Fig byMcKinsey);
1.3 Main characteristics of the Aeronautical Industry
As compared with other industries the distribution around the world of the aerospace manufactures is influenced by its unique structural attributes and business practices of the sector.
1.4 The main players of the international civil aeronautical sector
• Presently the “wide-body” (300-600 pax) and large “narrow-body” (130-300 pax)
civil market is shared between Boeing and Air Bus, while the “regional jet” aircraft
segment (60-120 pax) is shared between Embraer and Bombardier;
OEM
RevenuesOperational
(US$ bi)
R&D Investment(US$bi)
EBIT (US$ mi) Employees
Airbus Comercial
38,46 3,24 562 124.770
Boeing CommercialAirplanes (BCA)
34,02 3,69 1.973 163.100
Bombardier Aerospace
8,92 0,14 510 67.730
Embraer 4,68 0,18 361 17.089
1.3. The Brazilian aeronautical industry: regional jet market
The Brazilian aeronautical industry has a competitive advantage in the global market New challenges and development opportunities to keep this privileged position
2. The Brazilian aeronautical industry: challenges and opportunities
• New competitors in the international market of regional
jets aircrafts;
• New technological challenges in the global market;
• New challenges related to the development of a national
aeronautical defense system;
• New systems and tools for air traffic control and data
management.
2.1. New players in the international market
More recently other players are entering the market of “regionaljets”, such as China, Russia, Japan and Malaysia, bringing new challengesto the Brazilian aeronautical industry.
ARJ-21 (China) Regional Jet (90 pax) Compete w/ Emb175 • Prototype operational
• No date to enter themarket
SSJ-100 (Russia) Regional Jet ( 75 - 100 pax) Compete w/ Emb-170, Emb-175 andEmb-190
• First delivery 2011
• Consortium Italy-Russia
MRJ-70 and MRJ-91
(Japan) Regional Jet (70-90 pax)
Compete w/ Emb-170 e Emb-175 • First flight 2012
• Deliveries started 2013
• 120 firm orders inseveral countries
HONDAJET
(Japan)
Executive Jet (5 pax) Compete w/ EMB models
Phenom 100 and
Phenom 300
• Test phase
• First delivery 2012
2.2 New technological challenges in the global market
The international competition in the aeronautical sector has increaseddue to unique factors:
• The world wide economical crisis and its effect in the globalaeronautical markets;
• Nationally based technological factors and the entrance of newcompetitors suported by strong nationalist states(China, Russia, Malaysia);
• The growth of LCC “low-cost carriers” and hybrid “low cost + traditionalcarriers” with greater influence on the demand for more effcientaircrafts ;
• The growing pressure of environmental policies, to reduce fuelemission, more silent aircraft, with sustainable use of (green) bio-fuelsare amog the main factors ;
2.3. The challenges of the Brazilian defense industry
• Network Centric Warfare: Electronic countermeasure, C4ISTAR –Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition & Reconaissance; C2 – Comand & Control;
• Unmanned Autonomous Systems (UAS): autonomous guided plataformsfor tactical, long duration and surveillance applications; new technologiesfor navigation and critical systems for sense and avoid, vison basedsystems, goal oriented intelligent systems, adaptive control and softwarefor critical applications;
• Human-in-the-Loop: Development of user friendly computational andcognitive systems to mitigate fadique and stress in combat;
• Electronic Warfare and Cybernetic War
• Assymetrical warfare and crisis management.
2.4. New systems for air traffic control
• New architecture for air traffic control to cope with increasing number of aircraft
in operation worldwide (up to three times over the next decade);
• Projects such as NextGen (USA) and SESAR (Europe) point to the use of more
automated and accurate GPS-based operations systems. To reduce the distances
between aircraft the paths should be optimized (eg climbing, cruise and
continuous descend), imposing an airport and air traffic able to accommodate this
high density operation infrastructure;
• Emphasis on technologies for automation of pilot interaction and tower control;
• Detection and mitigation of Wake Vortex;
• GPS-based navigation (4D).
3. The Research Agenda: present and future
New aeronautical concepts including the optimization of the conventionalconfiguration (wing+fuselage+stabilizers), wing-body blendconfiguration, double bubble configuration,
Propulsion: new motorization such as Geared Turbo-Fan (GTF), AdvancedTurbo-Fan (AFT) e Open-Rotor; with the use of bio-fuels
Aerodynamics: flow control for laminar flow, load factor active control, high-aspect ratio wings, new methodologies for high fidelity CFD andcomputational tools for computational aeroacoustics;
Advanced aeronautical structures with concepts of tailored structures; 2ndgeneration composite structures, and very-light hybrid aeronauticalstructures;
Advanced manufacturing with application of robotic automation;
Development of new computational tools to develop a Virtual Aircraft toreduce the lead time of new projects and its certification by wind tunnel andflight test validation;
4. Brazil-Sweden opportunities for cooperation in aeronautics
• Brazilian Universities:
– State of São Paulo (ITA/DCTA; USP-EESC; UFABC;UNESP-IS)
– State of Minas Gerais (UFMG, UFU, UNIFEI)
– State of Santa Catarina (UFSC);
– Federal District (UNB).
• Brazilian Industrial Partners: Embraer, Akaer, Mectron, Flight
Technologies.
4. Brazil-Sweden opportunities for cooperation in aeronautics
• Aeronautical Research Programs:
– FAPESP (PICTA)
– FNDCT : CT-AERO; CT-Espaço
– PNPC: Aeronautical Platform
– FINEP: R&D
• Research with Industrial Partners:
Embraer, Akaer, Mectron, Flight Technologies (INOVA-Aerodefesa)
Flight Physics Modeling and
Simulation
Integrated Flight Dyn. Aeroservoelasticity
Aeroacustics
Noise Emission
Lightweight Structures Special /
Composite Materials
Integrated Aircraft Propulsion Systems
ITA - Prof. Roberto Gil
LNCA framework
Green, Ultra Safe, Integrated, Mobility, Economic /
Social Affairs
MDOConceptual
Design
Surrogate /ROM (NL)
Industry Regional Benefits(Aerospace & Defense)
Academic FormationR&D Orientation
ExperimentsSupp. Labs
4. Brazil-Sweden opportunities for cooperation in adaptive structures
• Morphing Wings (USP-SC: Catalano, Marcus AngeloPatent required)
Development of a Methodology for
Multidisciplinar, Multiobjective Optimization of
Conceptual Design of Aircrafts (USP-EESC: Álvaro
Abdalla; LIU: Prof. Petter Krus)
Challenges
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Smart Repair
Motivation
- What type of technique?
- What type of sensor?
- What the “best” position of the sensors?
- What number of the sensors?
- What type of metric to identify the damage?
- What damage model to quantify residual strength?
Many
Questions?
Identification, Localization and Extension of the
Damage, as well as Residual Strength
Composite
Structures
Structural Health Monitoring
25
Tuned Damped Optical Table Upgradable to SmartTable® IQ® DampingElectronic equipment for circuit
design, breadboarding and testing
Development of smart structures for energy harvesting, vibration control and shape morphing
in the context of aerospace systems. The exploitation of piezoelectric materials is tested for
low power consumption network and energy harvesting capabilities. The laboratory is
equipped with the following facilities:Data acquisition systems and exciter
Piezoelectric and SMAmaterials: smart materialsfor sensing and actuation
in broad range ofapplication
Laboratory Smart StructureUSP-SC
• Blower wind tunnels
• Whirl Tower
Digital Laser Vibrometer –PDV 1000
26/16
Specifica(ons
LMS SCADAS Mobile data acquisition system
16 channels for ICP/Voltage sensor acquisi8ons 8 channels for strain transducer acquisi8ons4 channels for general purpose signal
generation module
TMS Miniature shaker model: K2007E01
Force ra8ng 31N (7 lbf) Frequency range DC to 11 kHz
APS 113 ELECTRO-SEIS LongStroke Shaker
APS 125 Voltage Mode/ Current Mode Amplifier
Long stroke 158 mm (6.25 inch) peak-peak
Max. force 133 N (30 lbf) or 186 N (42 lbf)
Frequency Range DC ... 200 Hz
ICP PCB Piezotronics accelerometers
sensitivity (±15%): 10mV/gfrequency range: 1 to 10000 Hz
measurement range (pk): ±500g
16-channel, line-powered, ICP®
sensor signal cond. (base model - requires op8ons).
dSPACE DS1104 R&DController Board
Single-board system with real-8me hardware and comprehensive I/O
Programa de Desenvolvimento TecnológicoEMBRAER-FINET-CTAero
Projeto Aeronave Silenciosa Fase II: “DSA -Desenvolvimento de soluções aprimoradas, através de ensaios
aeroacústicos, para o problema de ruído externo de aeronaves” . Parceria Embraer e USP.
The Project Silent Aircraft Phase II is a partnership
between Embraer e USP/EESC. The program is supported
by Finep, USP and Embraer, and is coordinated by
USP/EESC.
O Projeto Aeronave Silenciosa Fase II tem por objetivo
desenvolver tecnologia para redução de ruído de
aeronaves. Além da USP/EESC, outras quatro instituições
participam da iniciativa: Escola Politécnica da
USP, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) e
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC).
Email: [email protected]
Simulation of Internal Noise Generation in Aircraft
UFSC
Aplication of different computational tools dor simulation of internalaircraft noise and its validation with experimental techniques
5. Summary and Conclusions
Brazil dominates the full technological cycle in the development and certification of civil and military
aircraft, in spite of the technology used by major suppliers is imported.
The industry has achieved high technical levels with Brazilian engineers dominating all the followed
technological trajectory.
From the point of view of national integration company, it is required investment in pre-competitive
technologies in Brazil. From the point of view of chain of suppliers, investment is concentrated in the
United States, Europe and Japan.
There are countries with significant leadership from the technological point of view, as the United
States, Canada, Europe and Japan => currently the technological gap in relation to Brazil is
sensitive, however in certain technological areas, this distance is considerably greater - for example, in
system avionics and propulsion.
The expansion of the sector depends on government support => tax equality with the imported
product, sales support on adherence to OECD standards, and lines of credit for developing, producing, in
compliance with WTO rules and support the elimination technical barriers in target countries.
References
The material presented here was taken from the following references :
• Diagnóstico do Setor Aeronáutico, 2ª Reunião do Comitê Executivo deDefesa, Aeronáutico e Espacial, Plano Brasil Maior, Fevereiro de 2012;
• Plataformas Demonstradoras Tecnológicas Aeronáuticas: Experiências comprogramas internacionais, modelagem funcional aplicável ao Brasil e importânciada sua aplicação para o País, ABDI, 2012, ISBN: 978-85-61323-17-2
• Proceedings do Workshop sobre Programa Nacional de Plataformas doConhecimento (PNPC), ITA, Outubro, 2014.