the garpur quantification platform - sintef · 2018. 2. 12. · •the garpur quantification...
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The GARPUR Quantification Platform
Frederik GethRESEARCHER
KU LeuvenBELGIUM
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OUTLINE
Reliability criteria The Garpur RMAC The “Garpur Quantification Platform” – GQP:- Architecture- Modules
Conclusions / lessons learned
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Reliability criteria
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• Why compare reliability criteria?
• Current N-1 criterion (or derivations) is not perfect
• All contingencies treated equally, only single events,…
• When considering criteria, the manner in which they are calculated and managed is important (reliability assessment and control)
• New criteria will not be accepted until it can be sufficiently shown that they are in general superior
Reliability criteria
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• An edge case of probabilistic reliability
• All N-1 contingencies have equal occurrence
• In reality, the definition is still not unique
• What is considered as N-1?
• E.g. transmission tower vs. circuit
• Substations
• Substation as a whole?
• Bus bars, breakers, transformers differently?
What is N-1?
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• Why is it difficult?
• Different reliability assessment methodologies could lead to different values of the reliability indicators.
• Each reliability criterion leads to different decisions
• Each reliability decision comes at a cost: to individual stakeholders and to society as a whole
• Social welfare is seen as an ideal indicator
• Evaluating reliability assessment methodologies and comparing reliability criteria is extremely complex and multifaceted.
Comparing probabilistic reliability criteria
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• The Garpur Quantification Platform should be able to:
• Consider TSO reliability control actions
• Evaluate the cost-benefit of the reliability criterion based on detailed real-world test cases
• Demonstrate new reliability assessment methodologies, new calculation methods, etc. through a clear and open framework and a modular design
• Support pilot testing within WP8, where the GQP is tested on RTE case study
• The GQP is not intended to be run real-time or to replace existing computational tools at the TSO side
Comparing criteria through the quantification platform
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The Garpur RMAC
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• Evaluation time frame: day-ahead, and real-time (intra-day)
• Socio-economic objective is to find a minimum between
• Cost of actions needed to be taken against contingencies vs impact of contingencies (for TSO & society)
• Reliability management: decision on which contingencies will be secured against versus which ones will be discarded
• Reliability control: which actions need to be taken for the contingencies to be secured against
The Garpur RMAC
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The “Garpur Quantification Platform” – GQP: - Architecture- Modules
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• Which costs / risk are considered?
• Cost of preventive generation actions
• Risk of corrective generation actions
• Risk of load shedding
• Blackout risk
• Due to infeasible trajectories after contingency
• Due to failure of corrective actions (proxy)
The GQP version of the RMAC
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Architecture for simulating operation
Models: ampl.mod{LP, SOCP} x {IP}
Modeling language: AMPL
Solver: CPLEX & Ipopt
Algorithms: interior point & MIP simplex
General purpose programming: Matlab + Matlab IDE
Data parsing: Python + PyCIMCIM XML files
Data from xls files
GQP Users via RDC (O)PF toolbox: Matpower
Model transf.: CIM2MATPOWER
Results to CSV files
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• Access to GQP via remote desktop
• General purpose code written in Matlab
• Interfacing with AMPL and Python
• Well-described data models
• Validated w.r.t. Matpower
Architecture for simulating operation
Models: ampl.mod{LP, SOCP} x {IP}
Modeling language: AMPL
Solver: CPLEX
Algorithms: interior point & MIP simplex
General purpose programming: Matlab
Data parsing: Python + PyCIMCIM XML files
RTE xls files
GQP Users via RDC
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• CIM ’14 parser based on PyCIM
• Bugfixes contributed to the project
• CIM2Matpower
• Validated through power flow against RTEs own parser
• Based on abandoned (’11) open-source project, but we gave our improvements back to the community
• https://github.com/kkgerasimov/CIM2Matpower
CIM import
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• Reliability management through SCOPF =
• extensions towards stochastic programming
• probability of contingencies
• preventive, corrective and short-term post contingency stages
• proxy for dynamic stability
• failure of corrective actions
• discarding of contingencies
• accepting black-out risk by not securing this contingency
RMAC Through Security-Constrained OPF
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• Preventive stage
• Generator redispatch, switching and PST shifts
• Short term post contingency stage: No actions except automatic generation control
• actions only defined by equality, through proportionality factors describing the sharing of the change of dispatch
• implies that preventive stage solution reserves a margin for AGC ’actions’
• Short-term line ratings
• Corrective stage
• Load shedding, Generator redispatch, PST shifts, line switching
• Long-term line ratings
SCOPF stages
reference preventiveshort-term
post-contingency
corrective
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Stages
reference preventiveshort-term
post-contingency
corrective
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• Specific cost components can be considered or ignored
• Risks depend on the specific contingencies considered in the contingency set
Objective
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• Preventive costs and corrective risk are composed the same way
• generators: redispatch cost, startup / shutdown cost
• lines/transformers: switching cost, PST shifting, OLTC tapping, losses
Objective
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• Scalability depends on binary variables
• and amount of contingencies considered
• Amount of binary variables depends on the modelling features
• Indicator variables for actions used in failure of corrective actions
• Contingency discarding
• Topological actions
• Linearization and convexification offer computational shortcuts w.r.t. including binary variables in OPF problems
Scalability
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• Generator reference values outside of supplied bounds
• Negative generators and loads -> effect on variable bounds and cost model
• Removal of trivially infeasible N-1 contingencies
• Contingencies that result in trivial infeasibilities without load shedding
• e.g. radial feeder fails with only a load connected
• Lines without flow bounds
• Non-physical or “strange” impedance values, e.g. equivalent nodes
• Islands, wrong status, multiple reference buses, ...
Working with real data: issues
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• Modeling real-life reliability management approach
• Different contingencies taken into account day-ahead vs real-time
• Different flexibilities considered
• Different uncertainties realized
Working with real-life processes
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N-1 and RMAC in reliability management process3 step approach
Preventive problem
Day Ahead
PreventiveContingency List
RMAC
Preventive DA Rmac Cost
Corrective (N-k, ρc)Contingency List
Real-Time : Preventive
Corrective problem
Uncerntainties around forecast (sample vectors
ρs)
Preventive problem
Corrective problem
ρs Preventive RT Rmac Cost ρs ρc Corrective Rmac CostTotal RMAC Cost
quantification
Real-Time : Corrective
Preventive problem
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Conclusions / lessons learned
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• PST shift actions can be used both preventively and correctively, and offer more flexibility and have limited impact on the computational tractability.
• The inclusion of topological actions in the reliability management increases the computation time significantly.
• In order to include topological actions in the SCOPF, better convexification techniques than the DC power flow approach need to be used in order to achieve feasibility of the nonconvex AC problem.
• In case acceptability constraints are not very tight, the impact on the risk of increasing failure rates of corrective actions is rather limited. Nevertheless, with tight acceptability constraints, increasing failure rate of corrective actions can increase the occurrence of contingency discarding.
• The full potential of the GARPUR approach is not realized when decomposing the reliability management problem into separate preventive and corrective problems
• however solving it as a single problem is too computationally demanding in realistic situations
Conclusions
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• Adding uncertainty related to renewables
• Improving computational tractability
• Algorithms for large-scale mixed-integer optimal power flow problems
• Adding more power system details (HVDC, statcom, …)
• Publishing test cases and data models
• Computationally explore RMAC in system development
• New GQP incorporating lessons learned
• More user-friendly, faster, variety of new interfaces
Future work