the genocide of the iraqi kurds and trial of saddam hussein
TRANSCRIPT
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7/23/2019 The Genocide of the iraqi kurds and Trial of saddam hussein
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Mtlabdh|y& Wrdidldh|y& @dldrcfkyb
chl Ycbd"Yd~ Bcrrkcad
\nd Adheikld e` |nd Krcsk Jtrlychl \rkcf e`Ycllcb Ntyydkh
@CFF ?774
\nd @kry| Y|dw kh |nd Hebkhc|keh e` c
Mty|kid ky c Pcichi{ eh |nd Ietr|
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37 v Irdkan|eh Fcq{dr @cff ?774
\
ndrd ky c ybcff wcfb |rddkh c acrldh ytrrethldlo{ qcffy hdcr |nd ckrwer|
kh Ocanlcl( Ch dfldrf{ odcrldlbch qne ncy |trhdl |e qrk|khawed|r{ chl rdclkha |nd qerly e`Ael kh rdidh| qddjy aedy et| |e|nd acrldh `er ch netr chl c ncf`kh |nd berhkha chl ch netr chl cncf` kh |nd c`|drheeh(
O{ Bkincdf M( Jdff{& Cyyeikc|d Wre`dyyer e` Fcq
\nd
AdheikldYCLLCB NTYYDKHchl \rkcf e`e` |nd Krcsk Jtrly
Krcsk bdh indij c oel{ fky| cy
yndd|y ieh|ckhkha |nd rdbckhy e`
oelkdy d~icpc|dl `reb c bcyy arcpd
kh Bc{ ?779 fkd kh |nd ldydr| eh |nd
et|yjkr|y e` Cf Btyc{{ko& Krcs(
Nd |dhly |e |nd |rdd wt||kha y|ehdycrethl |nd ocyd chl bcjkha ytrd k|ncy dhetan qc|dr |e ytrpkpd Krcsy
bklytbbdr(Qndh nky netr chl c ncf` ky epdrYcllcb Ntyydkh aedy ocij |e nkyidff( Ehid nd ncl lebkhkeh epdr cffe` Krcs( Heq nd ky y|rkwwdl e` cff |ndrkindy chl ldftykehy: cff nd ncy fd`|ky c fk||fd |kbd dcin lc{ |e itf|kpc|d c
acrldh |nc| kyh| dpdh nky( Inkicae \rkothd Mtf{ ?1 ?77
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Irdkan|eh Fcq{dr @cff ?774 v 33
ZARdheikld bdchy ch{ e` |nd `effeqkha ci|y iebbk||dl qk|n kh|dh|
|e ldy|re{& kh qnefd er kh wcr|& c hc|kehcf& d|nhkicf& rcikcf er rdfkakety
aretw& cy ytin=
ZcR Jkffkha bdbodry e` |nd aretw:
ZoR Ictykha ydrkety oelkf{ er bdh|cf ncrb |e bdbodry e` |nd aretw:
ZiR Ldfkodrc|df{ khki|kha eh |nd aretw iehlk|kehy e` fk`d icfitfc|dl |e
orkha coet| k|y wn{ykicf ldy|rti|keh kh qnefd er kh wcr|:
ZlR Kbweykha bdcytrdy kh|dhldl |e wrdpdh| okr|ny qk|nkh |nd aretw:
ZdR @erikof{ |rchy`drrkha inkflrdh e` |nd aretw |e che|ndr aretw(
Adheikld
Ycllcb Ntyydkh |nd `erbdr
Krcsk lki|c|er yk|y kh yefk|cr{
ieh`khdbdh| thldr |nd icrd e`
T(Y( bkfk|cr{ wefkid cqck|kha |rkcf o{ |nd
hdqf{ bkh|dl Krcsk Ywdikcf \rkothcf .KY\+
`er c fcthlr{ fky| e` irkbdy iebbk||dl
ltrkha nky 99 {dcry kh weqdr( Nd qcy
|ewwfdl o{ ch Cbdrkich"fdl khpcykeh kh
Bcrin ?779 chl rdbckhdl kh nklkha
th|kf lkyiepdrdl o{ T(Y( `eridy kh c
yk~"`ee| thldrarethl ywkldr nefd
crbdl ehf{ qk|n c wky|ef |nc| nd lkl he|tyd( Nd acrldhy qnkfd nd qck|y `er nky
|rkcf( \nd incrady cackhy| Ntyydkh khiftld
qcr irkbdy irkbdy cackhy| ntbchk|{
caardyykeh chl adheikld( Qnkfd dcin e`
|ndyd kh|drhc|kehcf irkbdy rdstkrdy pcr{kha
fdpdfy e` wree` chl cyydr|keh thkstd |e
|nd ywdik`ki irkbd er k|y yto"iebwehdh|
adheikld ky wdrncwy |nd |rkijkdy| e` |nd
fe| rdstkrkha he| bdrd kh|dh| ot| ywdik`ki
kh|dh| |e ldy|re{ ch kldh|k`kcofd aretw e`
wdewfd( Cf|netan k| ncy oddh icffdl |ndirkbd e` irkbdy ykhid |nd d~wdrkdhid e`
|nd Nefeicty| adheikld ncy |rclk|kehcff{
oddh |nd bey| lk``kitf| irkbd `er
wreydit|ery |e wrepd(
@erbcff{ et|fcqdl kh 3; adheikld ncy
d~ky|dl kh wrci|kid `reb |kbd kbbdberkcf(
Khlddl k| qcy jheqh kh |nd chikdh|
qerfl cy c fdak|kbc|d wrci|kid tydl
bey| `cbetyf{ o{ |nd _ebchy cackhy|
Icr|ncad( \nretanet| |nd Bkllfd Cady
chl kh|e |nd beldrh drc adheikld qcy
rdatfcrf{ wrci|kidl th|kf |nd yfctan|dr e`
|nd Crbdhkchy o{ |nd E||ebch \trjy
ltrkha Qerfl Qcr K( Kh|drhc|kehcf
et|rcad c| |nd c|reik|{ bepdl qerfl
ewkhkeh |eqcrl iehldbhkha adheikld
itfbkhc|kha kh |nd clew|keh e` |nd
Adheikld Iehpdh|keh kh 3; c`|drQerfl Qcr KK chl |nd Nefeicty|(
\nd dfcy|kik|{ e` |nd ld`khk|keh ky
ldidw|kpd( Qnkfd bch{ `ci| wc||drhy bc{
`k| kh|e |nd |qe rdstkrdl eomdi|kpd yfe|y c
wre|di|dl aretw .d(a( rcikcf+ chl ch ci| e`
ldy|rti|keh .d(a( jkffkha+ |nd ld`khk|keh
ky ykfdh| cy |e mty| neq qkldywrdcl |nd
ci|y bty| od( Ky mty| ehd jkffkha dhetan5
@tr|ndrberd wdrwd|rc|ery ich ae `rdd
eh |nd wreydit|kehy khcokfk|{ |e wrepd|nd ytomdi|kpd dfdbdh| e` kh|dh|( Mtlkikcf
chl fdacf ct|nerk|kdy ncpd kh|drwrd|dl
|nd kh|dh| rdstkrdl `er adheikld |e od
ywdik`ki rc|ndr |nch adhdrcf( Pcr{kha
rc|kehcfdy d~ky| `er |nky iehiftykeh
ot| |nd nkandr |nrdynefl bdchy berd
wree` wree` |nc| ky cfbey| khpcrkcof{
lk``kitf| |e iebd o{ kh |nd `erb e`
kh|dridw|dl iehpdryc|kehy ierrdywehldhid
er leitbdh|y |nc| ldbehy|rc|d |nd
wdrwd|rc|ery y|c|d e` bkhl c| |nd
|kbd |nd adheikld qcy icrrkdl et|(
He| cffadheiklckrdy cy adheikld
wdrwd|rc|ery crd jheqh bd|kitfetyf{
ic|cfeatd khld~ chl leitbdh| |ndkr
ci|kpk|kdy kh d~irtikc|kha ld|ckf cy |nd
Hc}ky lkl qndh icrr{kha et| Nk|fdry @khcf
Yeft|keh( Neqdpdr |nd Kh|drhc|kehcfIrkbkhcf \rkothcf er _qchlc .KI\_+
ld|drbkhdl kh |nd 3;;; Cjc{dyt icyd |nc|
ywdik`ki kh|dh| |e iebbk| adheikld ich
od ytiidyy`tff{ kh`drrdl |nretan ieh|d~|
|ndrdo{ dcykha otrldh `er |nky yneqkha
yebdqnc|= ZKR| ky weyykofd |e ldltid |nd
adheiklcf kh|dh| khndrdh| kh c wcr|kitfcr
ci| incradl `reb |nd adhdrcf ieh|d~| e`
|nd wdrwd|rc|keh e` e|ndr itfwcofd ci|y
y{y|dbc|kicff{ lkrdi|dl cackhy| |nc| ycbd
aretw qnd|ndr |ndyd ci|y qdrd iebbk||dlo{ |nd ycbd e``dhldr er o{ e|ndry(
Hdpdr|ndfdyy |nd adheikld icyd
cackhy| Adhdrcf _clkyfcp Jry|ki c| |nd
Kh|drhc|kehcf Irkbkhcf \rkothcf `er
|nd @erbdr [taeyfcpkc .KI\[+ `ckfdl
wrdikydf{ odictyd e` |nd ywdik`ki kh|dh|
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3? v Irdkan|eh Fcq{dr @cff ?774
rdstkrdbdh|( Jry|ki qcy iehpki|dl `er |nd
3;;4 adheikld |nc| jkffdl >777 Oeyhkch
Btyfkby kh Yrdordhkic eh c |nder{
e` mekh| irkbkhcf dh|drwrkyd( Neqdpdr
nky iehpki|keh qcy epdr|trhdl o{ |nd
Cwwdffc|d Incbodr qnkin iehiftldl|nc| cf|netan |nd Yrdordhkic adheikld
ncl eiitrrdl chl e|ndry kh |nd mekh|
irkbkhcf dh|drwrkyd yncrdl c ywdik`ki
kh|dh| |e icrr{ k| |nretan |nd dpkldhid
lkl he| ytwwer| |nd kh`drdhid |nc|
Jry|ki ncl |nd rdstkrdl ywdik`ki kh|dh| |e
ldy|re{ rc|ndr |nch bdrd jheqfdlad( K|
ky odictyd e` |nky pdr{ nkan ntrlfd |nc|
Yfeoelch Bkfeydpki ky fkjdf{ |e od `ethl
atkf|{ e` ehf{ iebwfkik|{ kh adheikld cy
ewweydl |e adheikld wrewdr( Iebwfkik|{ehf{ rdstkrdy c yneqkha e` jheqfdlad(
\nd Jtrlkyn WreofdbCy `er Ycllcb Ntyydkh& nd qkff
fkjdf{ od `ethl c| fdcy| iebwfkik| kh k`
he| atkf|{ e` |nd adheikld e` |nd Jtrly
|nc| eiitrrdl thldr nky rdakbd( Jtrly cy
c wdewfd fkpd kh c lkpkldl qerfl yebd
kh Krcs e|ndry kh Krch Y{rkc chl \trjd{(
\nd `reh|kdr od|qddh Krch chl Krcs |e
c fcrad d~|dh| rd`fdi|y |nd 30|n"idh|tr{
ieffkykeh e` |nd d~wchlkha Wdrykch chl
E||ebch Dbwkrdy( C ytoydstdh| |rdc|{
od|qddh Wdrykchy chl \trjy `erbcfk}dl
c beth|ckhety oerldr rdakeh |nc|
khlkyirkbkhc|df{ ywfk| Jtrlkyn wewtfc|kehy
eh dk|ndr ykld( O{ |nd |kbd e` |nd Krch"Krcs Qcr Jtrly `ethl |ndbydfpdy
ictan| kh |nd bkllfd( Kh Ydw|dbodr
3;>7 Ntyydkhy crb{ ireyydl kh|e Krch
clpchikha |e |nd et|yjkr|y e` Coclch(
C{c|effcn Jnebdhk tydl |nd khpcykeh
|e iehyefklc|d nky eqh weqdr chl rcff{
Krchkchy |e ld`dhl |ndkr nebdfchl( O{
3;>? Krch ncl rdpdrydl |nd Krcsk khpcykeh
rdy|erkha |nd oerldr rdakeh( O{ 3;>1 Krch qcy
cackh bcjkha ykahk`kich| clpchidy kh |nd
her|n qnkin Ntyydkh ierrdi|f{ cyirkodl
|e cyyky|chid `reb Krcsk Jtrly(
\e ldcf qk|n qnc| qcy rd`drrdl |e kh
icw|trdl Krcsk leitbdh|y cy |nd Jtrlkyn
\nd adheikld icyd cackhy| Adhdrcf_clkyfcp Jry|ki `ckfdl wrdikydf{ odictyde` |nd ywdik`ki kh|dh| rdstkrdbdh|(
Jheqh cy Indbkicf Cfk& Cfk Ncyych cf"Bcmkl ncy
oddh fkhjdl |e yebd e` |nd bey| ort|cf ci|y thldrYcllcb Ntyydkhy rdakbd( Nd qcy |nd crink|di| e` |nd
3;>> adheiklcf Ch`cf icbwckahy cackhy| |nd Krcsk Jtrly(
Cy |nd 3;>7"3;>> Krch"Krcs Qcr qcy qkhlkha leqh&
cf"Bcmkl fdl |nd Ch`cf icbwckahy |nc| rdytf|dl kh |nd
btrldr chl lkycwwdcrchid e` yebd 47&777 |e 377&777
Jtrly( \nd Jtrly qdrd ciitydl e` cklkha Krchkch `eridy
ltrkha |nd fcy| {dcry e` |nd Krch"Krcs Qcr(
C ietykh e` Ntyydkh& cf"Bcmkl qcy qkldf{ jheqh kh Krcs
`er nky rdwdc|dl tyd e` et|fcqdl indbkicf qcr`crd( K| ky
rdwer|dl |nc| 4&777 Jtrly lkdl kh c ykhafd i{chkld c||cij
eh |nd oerldr |eqh e` Ncfcomc kh Bcrin 3;>>( Leitbdh|y
icw|trdl reb Krcsk kh|dffkadhid ydrpkidy ldbehy|rc|d |nc|
|nd bcyy jkffkhay& lkycwwdcrchidy& `eridl lkywfcidbdh|
chl e|ndr irkbdy qdrd icrrkdl et| kh c iendrdh| chl
nkanf{ idh|rcfk}dl bchhdr thldr cf"Bcmkly lkrdi|
ytwdrpkykeh( Cf"Bcmkl qcy icw|trdl kh Ctaty| ?779 o{
iecfk|keh eridy(
Yetrid= Ntbch _kan|y Qc|in
Indbkicf Cfk
Cfk Ncyych cf"Bcmkl ky yddh kh |nky Mchtcr{ ?779 wne|e kh Odkrt|&Fdocheh(
Adheikld chl |nd \rkcf e` Ycllcb Ntyydkh
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Irdkan|eh Fcq{dr @cff ?774 v 39
wreofdb Ntyydkh |cyjdl nky ietykh Cfk
Ncyych cf"Bcmkl .c(j(c( Indbkicf Cfk+
qk|n |nd meo e` drclkic|kha cff rdyky|chid
chl arch|dl nkb dbdradhi{ weqdry |e
le ye(
Cf"Bcmkl |ndh thldr|eej c ydrkdy e`
bkfk|cr{ icbwckahy cackhy| Jtrlkyn
ycoe|dtry `reb 3;>1 |e 3;>;
jheqh cy |nd Ch`cfy( Qnc| odach cy
c ieth|drkhytradhi{ ltrkha qcr|kbd
dhldl kh adheikld( Cf"Bcmkl dbwfe{dl
c pcrkd|{ e` indbkicf qdcwehy ltrkha
|nd Ch`cf icbwckahy khiftlkha bty|crl
acy .c ofky|drkha cadh|+ chl Ycrkh .c
hdrpd cadh|+( Ehd ytrpkper e` cf"Bcmkly
Cwrkf 3;>1 indbkicf c||cijy eh Jtrlkyn
pkffcady kh |nd Ocfkych pcffd{ ldyirkodl
|nd d``di| e` |nd wkhj arc{ chl {dffeq
acyydy lrk`|kha |nretan |nd |eqhy=
ZKR| qcy fkjd c `ea( Chl |ndh dpdr{ehd
odicbd ofkhl( Yebd pebk|dl( @cidy
|trhdl ofcij: wdewfd d~wdrkdhidl
wckh`tf yqdffkhay thldr |nd crb&
chl qebdh thldr |ndkr ordcy|y(
Fc|dr& c {dffeq qc|dr{ lkyincrad
qetfl ee}d `reb |nd d{dy chl heyd(Bch{ e` |neyd qne ytrpkpdl yt``drdl
ydpdrd pkykeh lky|trochidy& er |e|cf
ofkhlhdyy `er tw |e c beh|n( Yebd
pkffcadry rch kh|e |nd beth|ckhy
chl lkdl |ndrd( E|ndry& qne ncl
oddh ifeydr |e |nd wfcid e` kbwci| e`
|nd oeboy& lkdl qndrd |nd{ y|eel(
Cff |efl |nd Ch`cf icbwckahy cackhy|
|nd Jtrly ifckbdl od|qddh 47777
chl 377777 fkpdy( Neqdpdr he ykhafdci|keh ciieth|y `er cff |nd icytcf|kdy(
\ndrd qdrd btf|kwfd bcyy btrldry
btf|kwfd bcyy lkycwwdcrchidy `eridl
lkywfcidbdh| e` nthlrdly e` |netychly
e` hehieboc|ch|y ldy|rti|keh e` ?777
pkffcady |nc| qdrd ifcyyk`kdl kh Krcsk
aepdrhbdh| leitbdh|y cy otrhdl
_clkyfcp Jry|ki& `erbdr Oeyhkch Ydro
adhdrcf& qcy `ethl atkf|{ e` adheikld
kh Ctaty| ?773 o{ |nd Ncatdy
kh|drhc|kehcf qcr irkbdy |rkothcf chl
ydh|dhidl |e &777 thcrbdl
Btyfkb bdh chl oe{y chl ky |nd ry|
Dtrewdch dpdr iehpki|dl e` adheikld(
Neqdpdr& |nd Cwwdffc|d Incbodr epdr|trhdl |nd adheikld icyd cackhy|
Jry|ki odictyd e` |nd ywdiki kh|dh| rdstkrdbdh|( Nky cwwdcfy mtlabdh|
qcy nchldl leqh eh Cwrkf 3;& ?77
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3< v Irdkan|eh Fcq{dr @cff ?774
ldy|re{dl ldbefkyndler wtrk`kdl
chl |nd rc}kha e` c le}dh fcradr Jtrlkyn
|eqhy chl clbkhky|rc|kpd idh|dry(
K| ky |nd ldclf{ iebokhc|keh e` bd|nely
dbwfe{dl cackhy| |nd Jtrly ltrkha |nd
dkan| Ch`cfy |nc| kh|dr|qkhd |e `erb
|nd bey| iebwfd|d wki|trd e` adheikld(
Cf|netan |nd ytiidyykpd acyykhay
qdrd wdrncwy |nd y|crjdy| d~cbwfdyiehpdh|kehcf jkffkha o{ ynee|kha
ciieth|dl `er dstcf htbodry e` ldc|ny(
@er khy|chid |nd pcy| bcmerk|{ e` Jtrlkyn
ld|ckhddy qdrd ydh| |e |nd Krcsk crb{
ocyd c| Jkrjtj jheqh cy \ew}cqc( Ndrd
|nd{ qdrd rdaky|drdl chl ydardac|dl( Cltf|
chl |ddhcad bcfdy qdrd |ndh fecldl eh|e
ifeydl |rtijy chl |cjdh |e |nd d~dit|keh
arethly qndrd |nd{ qdrd fkhdl tw hd~|
|e fcrad wk|y chl yne|( Ehid |nd |rdhindy
qdrd `tff |nd{ qdrd iepdrdl epdr(
\nd dfldrf{ qdrd bey|f{ otydl |e c
iehidh|rc|keh icbw c| Htarc Ycfbch
kh |nd Krcsk ldydr| qndrd ldc|n rc|dy
cpdrcadl `etr |e `kpd wdr lc{ `reb
d~weytrd chl kh`di|keh( \nd qebdhchl inkflrdh qdh| dfydqndrd( \nd{
qdrd tytcff{ |cjdh |e Lkoy c icbw
ifeyd |e |nd Jkrjtj"Beytf nkanqc{
qndrd bch{ e` |nd inkflrdh ytiitbodl
|e l{ydh|dr{ chl bcfht|rk|keh( Coet|
ncf` e` |nd qebdh qdrd |cjdh |e
ldc|n wk|y fkjd |nd ehd c| Ycbcqc(
@eridl ldwer|c|keh |{wkicff{
ciiebwchkdl o{ |nd rc}kha e` pkffcady
qcy cfye c iebbeh `dc|trd e` |nd
Ch`cfy( O{ |nd dhl e` |nd icbwckahy
3(4 bkffkeh Jtrly ncl oddh `erikof{
rdyd||fdl( \nky qcy wcr| e` ch epdrcff
yindbd o{ Ntyydkh |e rdcrrchad
Jtrlky|ch kh her|ndrh Krcs wfcikha
berd jd{ crdcy thldr Crco ieh|ref(
Neqdpdr |nd acyykha e` Ncfcomc qcy
|nd ykhafd bey| nerrk`ki khikldh| ltrkha
|nky he|erkety icbwckah ciieth|kha
`er coet| 4777 e` |nd Ch`cf ldc|ny(
Iehydstdh|f{ Ncfcomc ncy odiebd
dbofdbc|ki e` |nd Jtrlkyn adheikld
btin cy Yrdordhkic ncy odiebd ye `er
C
C
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CC
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Ch`cf icbwckah
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icbwckah oethlcr{
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chl `cikfk|{
Jheqh indbkicf
c||cij
Jheqh bcyy
d~dit|keh yk|d
Wdynbdrac iebbchl
_dyd||fdbdh| iebwfd~
Beytf
Ycfcbk{cn
cf Nclcr
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Fcjd
K _ C S
K _ C S
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K _ C H
\ T _ J D [
\ T _ J D [
Y [ _ K C
Y C T L KC _ C O K C
Ocanlcl_cbclk
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c| rkan|
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jkfebd|dry
bkfdy
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jkfebd|dry
bkfdy
\nd Ch`cf icbwckahy cackhy| |nd Jtrlkyn bkherk|{ kh her|ndcy|drh Krcs qdrd thldr|cjdh o{ Ycllcb Ntyydkhy ietykh& Cfk Ncyych cf"Bcmkl& c|
Ntyydkhy lkrdi|keh kh 3;>>( Qnc| odach cy ch d``er| |e ldikbc|d Jtrlkyn bkfk|cr{ ytwwer| e` Krchkch `eridy ltrkha |nd Krch"Krcs Qcr& dhldl kh c
ort|cf icbwckah e` bcyy d~|drbkhc|keh& pkffcad drclkic|keh chl btf|kwfd acyykhay& rdytf|kha kh |nd ldc|ny e` |dhy e` |netychly e` Jtrlkyn bdh&
qebdh chl inkflrdh( Ntyydkh chl nky ndhinbdh qkff `cid incrady `er |nd adheikld e` |nd Jtrly ltrkha nky |rkcf od`erd |nd Krcsk Ywdikcf \rkothcf(
Adheikld chl |nd \rkcf e` Ycllcb Ntyydkh
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Irdkan|eh Fcq{dr @cff ?774 v 34
|nd Oeyhkch adheikld( Ncfcomc ncl oddh
icw|trdl kh 3;>> o{ rdodf Krcsk Jtrly
qk|n ytwwer| `reb Krchkch `eridy chl
irtynkha |nd rdyky|chid |ndrd odicbd
ch tf|kbc|d wrkerk|{ `er Ntyydkh(
Cf"Bcmkly ieflf{ lkcoefkicf cwwrecin
ich od lkyidrhdl `reb nky bd|nelefea{
e` d~|drbkhc|keh( Jheqkha |nc| |nd
acyydy nd kh|dhldl |e tyd qdrd ndcpkdr
|nch ckr chl qetfl |nty ykhj nd
ewdhdl |nd Bcrin 30 3;>> c||cij eh
Ncfcomc qk|n c iehpdh|kehcf cr|kffdr{
oebocrlbdh| `er ydpdrcf netry yd||kha
e`` |nd ckr rckl ykrdhy( \nky lrepd |nd
feicf Jtrlkyn wewtfc|keh leqh kh|e
|thhdfy idffcry chl ocydbdh|y(
\neyd thldrarethl yndf|dry odicbd
acy incbodry cy cf"Bcmkl thfdcyndl nky
oebocrlbdh| e` wekyeh( Coepdarethl
chkbcfy lkdl chl okrly lrewwdl et| e`
|rddy( Odfeq arethl ntbchy bd| |ndkr
dhl |rcwwdl( \neyd qne bchcadl |e
yircbofd |e |nd ytr`cid dbdradl kh|e
|nkij ifetly e` indbkicf acy( Cy wne|ey
e` ldcl inkflrdh irtbwfdl eh y|dwy er
f{kha ieh|er|dl chl ofdcindl kh |ndy|rdd|y rdcindl |nd qerfl ch et|ir{ creyd
`reb |nd ntbch rkan|y iebbthk|{(
Ot| |nd rdywehyd `reb |nd kh|drhc|kehcf
iebbthk|{ e` y|c|dy qcy bt|dl
ykfdhid( Hehd ietfl e``dr btin od{ehl
wfc|k|tldy cy |nd{ cff ncl ocijdl Ntyydkh
ltrkha |nd Krch"Krcs Qcr qk|n crby chl
`khchikha( Khlddl Adrbch{ ky
qkldf{ iehykldrdl |e ncpd oddh |nd
khlty|rkcf erkakh e` |nd acy tydl o{cf"Bcmkl ltrkha |nd Ch`cf icbwckahy chl
Jtrlkyn fdcldry ncpd feha ciitydl @rchid
K|cf{ chl |nd Hd|ndrfchly e` wrepklkha
cyyky|chid |e Ntyydkhy indbkicf qdcwehy
wrearcb( \nd Thk|dl Y|c|dy qcy cfye
kbwfkic|dl cy he|dl kh c 3;;? Ydhc|d
Ochjkha Netykha chl Troch C``ckry
Iebbk||dd y|c`` rdwer| cyydyykha |nd tyd
e` indbkicf qdcwehy o{ Ntyydkh cackhy|
Cbdrkich |reewy kh |nd `kry| Atf` Qcr=
ZCRh khstkr{ qcy khk|kc|dl o{ |nd
Iebbk||dd kh|e |nd ieh|rkot|kehy|nc| d~wer|y `reb |nd Thk|dl Y|c|dy
wfc{dl kh |nd qdcwehy e` bcyy
ldy|rti|keh wrearcby |nc| ncpd
`fetrkyndl thldr |nd lkrdi|keh e`
Krcsk Wrdykldh| Ycllcb Ntyydkh(
Z\Rnd Iebbk||dd ( ( ( ndfl ndcrkhay
|nc| rdpdcfdl |nc| |nd Thk|dl Y|c|dy
ncl d~wer|dl indbkicf& okefeakicf&
htifdcr chl bkyykfd"y{y|db dstkwbdh|
|e Krcs |nc| qcy iehpdr|dl |e bkfk|cr{
tyd kh Krcsy indbkicf& okefeakicfchl htifdcr qdcwehy wrearcb(
\nd Dpkldhid\nd wn{ykicf dpkldhid e` adheikld
cackhy| |nd Jtrly ky cbwfd( Ltrkha ?77
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7/23/2019 The Genocide of the iraqi kurds and Trial of saddam hussein
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30 v Irdkan|eh Fcq{dr @cff ?774
Krcsk khpdy|kac|ery thiepdrdl |nd bcyy
arcpd kh Nc|rc coet| ?77 bkfdy her|n e`
Ocanlcl( K| ky ehd e` bch{ bcyy arcpdy
kh Krcs `reb |nd Ntyydkh drc ot| |nd`kry| |e od yditrdl chl y{y|dbc|kicff{
d~icpc|dl `er irkbkhcf dpkldhid ieffdi|keh(
K| ky cfye c jd{ |e wrepkha |nd icyd
`er adheikld o{ Ntyydkh cackhy| |nd
Jtrly( \nd pki|kby crd cff Jtrlkyn(
\nd Nc|rc yk|d ky bcld tw e` c ydrkdy e`
|rdhindy c| fdcy| dkan| `dd| lddw( Ehd
ieh|ckhdl |nd oelkdy e` 347 bdh ywrc{dl
qk|n ct|ebc|ki qdcwehy `krd( C le}dh
e|ndr |rdhindy ieh|ckh |nd rdbckhye` cwwre~kbc|df{ ?777 wdewfd( Ot|
wdrncwy |nd bey| wekahch| d~icpc|keh
thiepdrdl |nd oelkdy e` 977 qebdh chl
inkflrdh( Ch thd~wdi|dl `khlkha qcy
|nd lkyiepdr{ e` btf|kwfd ife|nkha yd|y
netydnefl k|dby chl |e{y khlkic|kha
|nc| |nd pki|kby qdrd |efl |e ieffdi|
|ndkr odfehakhay `er rdyd||fdbdh| ehf{
|e od yne| leqh c| |nky otrkcf wk|(
Cfbey| cff e` |nd 977 yjtffy ncl c
(?? icfkodr wky|ef yne| odnkhl |nd dcrchl qdrd thdpdhf{ y|cijdl kh btf|kwfd
fc{dry khlkic|kha |nc| |nd `kry| |e od
d~dit|dl qdrd yne| kh |nd |rdhin qnkfd
|nd e|ndry qdrd btrldrdl c| |nd fkw e` |nd
wk| chl |ndh wtyndl kh qk|n c otffle}dr(
Cy Arda Jdned |nd T(Y( ieerlkhc|er
he|dl kh cHdq [erj \kbdykh|drpkdq=
ZQRnc| qcy `ethl c| Nc|rc yneqy
neq |nd Ntyydkh fdcldrynkw bcld c
otykhdyy e` jkffkha wdewfd |nd
yircwd bcrjy `reb |nd ofcld e` |nd
otffle}dr |nc| ynepdl pki|kby kh|e |nd
|rdhin& |nd wekh|"ofchj yne|y |e |nd
ocijy e` dpdh |nd ocokdy ndcly& |nd
qk|ndrdl oel{ e` c 9" er
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Irdkan|eh Fcq{dr @cff ?774 v 31
Krcs chl qdrd cofd |e ierreoerc|d |nd
acyykhay chl bcyy dpcitc|kehy(
Ot| wrepkha |nc| Ntyydkh ncl ywdik`ki
kh|dh| |e iebbk| adheikld cackhy| |ndJtrly rdbckhy c lk``kitf| |cyj( K| ldwdhly
eh |nd wreydit|kehy cokfk|{ |e bcryncf k|y
leitbdh|cr{ chl |dy|kbehkcf dpkldhid(
Wdrncwy ytin kh|dh| ich od dy|cofkyndl k`
d{dqk|hdyy |dy|kbeh{ fkjd |nd `effeqkha
ich y|chl tw |e ireyy"d~cbkhc|keh=
ZQRd behk|erdl rclke
iebbthkic|kehy od|qddh |nd wefk|kicf
chl bkfk|cr{ fdcldrynkw Ycllcb
Ntyydkh orkd`dl |nd cyydbofdl
iebbchldry |nc| |ndrd qetfl od c
indbkicf c||cij eh Ncfcomc chl |nc|
yeflkdry ynetfl qdcr wre|di|kpd ife|nkha
K ndcrl c |dfdwnehd iehpdryc|keh
od|qddh Ycllcb Ntyydkh chl Cfk
Ncyych cf"Bcmkl( Ycllcb erldrdl nkb
|e `erb c qerjkha aretw C`|dr |nd
bdd|kha Cfk Ncyych cf"Bcmkl rd|trhdl
|e |nd crdc NS Cdrkcf wki|trdy e`
Ncfcomc c`|dr |nd c||cij qdrd yneqh |e
Ycllcb Ntyydkh chl e|ndr bdbodry e`
|nd _dpeft|kehcr{ Iebbchl Iethikf(
Ehd e` Ntyydkhy oel{atcrly oretan|
97 wrkyehdry et|( \nd{ qdrd Jtrly(
\nd Wrdykldh| nkbydf` yne| |ndb ehd
c`|dr che|ndr qk|n c Oreqhkha wky|ef(
Che|ndr 97 wrkyehdry qdrd oretan|
chl |nd wreidyy qcy rdwdc|dl( Ycllcb
qcy fctankha chl eopketyf{ dhme{kha
nkbydf`( \ndrd qcy ofeel dpdr{qndrd
k| qcy fkjd ch coc||ekr \neyd
qne qdrd y|kff cfkpd qdrd dpdh|tcff{`khkyndl e`` o{ |nd yditrk|{ e``kidry(
Ycllcby Ld`dhydC| |nd dhl e` Mthd ?77
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7/23/2019 The Genocide of the iraqi kurds and Trial of saddam hussein
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3> v Irdkan|eh Fcq{dr @cff ?774
ld|ckhdd( Cy ytin nd qcy cofd |e nkrd
iethydf od`erd nd thldrqdh| c `erbcf
crrckahbdh| ndcrkha cf|netan nky iethydf
qcy he| wrdydh| `er |nd khk|kcf incrakhawreiddlkhay(
Mcistdy Pdrady c 1>"{dcr"efl @rdhin
irkbkhcf ld`dhyd fcq{dr qne `cbetyf{
rdwrdydh|dl Icrfey |nd Mcijcf ?7 {dcry
cae ky ehd e` ydpdrcf `erdkah c||erhd{y
yddjkha |e ndfw `cynkeh Ntyydkhy ld`dhyd(
Cyjdl cy |e qnd|ndr nd qetfl ocyd c
ld`dhyd e` Ntyydkh eh |nd iebwfkik|{ e`
qdy|drh ieth|rkdy Pdrady rdywehldl=
ZLRtrkha |nd _dcach clbkhky|rc|keh
ZLehcflR _tby`dfl nkbydf` qcy kh
incrad e` yebd jd{ rdfc|kehy qk|n |nd
Krcsk ct|nerk|kdy Qdy|drh ieth|rkdy
yefl qdcwehy |e Ycllcb( Qdy|drh
ieth|rkdy dhietrcadl |nd qcr cackhy|
Krch( Qdy|drh ieth|rkdy qdrd wrdydh| kh
Krcs |nretan lkwfebc|ki ldfdac|kehy(
\nd{ qdrdh| ofkhl Eopketyf{& kh
|nd ietryd e` c |rkcf& |nd `thlcbdh|cf
dfdbdh| qkff od= {et |rdc| bd fkjd c
wcrkcn& ot| K qcy {etr `rkdhl( Qnc| qd
lkl& qd lkl |ead|ndr( K `krdl |nd otffd|&
ot| {etrd |nd ehd qne acpd bd |nd ath
{et dpdh wekh|dl et| |nd dhdb{(
Ntyydkhy fcq{dry bc{ dpdh clbk| |nc| nd
ky c behy|dr chl yddj |e wkh ciiebwfkid
fkcokfk|{ eh |nd Qdy|( \nd{ qkff cfye |r{
|e yfkw |nretan |nd wreydit|kehy icyd
|e yneq ywdik`ki kh|dh| `er |nd adheikld
cackhy| |nd Jtrly o{ cratkha |nc| Ntyydkh
khy|dcl ncl cf|drhc|kpd btf|kwfd kh|dh|y(
\nd{ qkff yc{ |nc| k| qcy hdpdr nky kh|dh|
|e ldy|re{ |ndb( _c|ndr nky wrkbcr{
kh|dh| qcy |e kbweyd ardc|dr idh|rcf
ieh|ref epdr |nd ekf`kdfly thldrf{kha
|rclk|kehcff{ wewtfc|dl Jtrlkyn crdcy
kh |nd her|n chl nky ydiehlcr{ kh|dh|
qcy |e ieboc| Jtrlkyn `eridy cyyky|khaKrch ltrkha |nd Krch"Krcs Qcr(
@er wree` e` |nd wrkbcr{ kh|dh| Ntyydkh
qkff wekh| |e hc|kehcf yditrk|{ iehidrhy
cyyeikc|dl qk|n cffeqkha c rdy|kpd
we|dh|kcff{ ordcjcqc{ wewtfc|keh |e
rdbckh kh ieh|ref e` |nd ieth|r{y
Ckr @erid Bcy|dr Ya|( _kincrl Otrin& rkan|& c ywdi|rcf chcf{y|& chl Ortid Adrrkij& c T(Y( adeyikdh|ky|& y|tl{ bcyy arcpdyk|dy eh ch Krcsk bcw kh|ndkr e`id kh Ocanlcl kh Ldidbodr ?779(
Qnc| qcy `ethl c| Nc|rc yneqy neq|nd Ntyydkh fdcldrynkw bcld cotykhdyy e` jkffkha wdewfd(
Adheikld chl |nd \rkcf e` Ycllcb Ntyydkh
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7/23/2019 The Genocide of the iraqi kurds and Trial of saddam hussein
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Irdkan|eh Fcq{dr @cff ?774 v 3;
fcrady| ekf rdydrpdy( Nd qkff cratd |nc|
nky lrciehkch `eridl"bkarc|keh wefkikdy
qdrd adcrdl |e |nky dhl chl |nc| |e |nd
d~|dh| |nc| fcrad htbodry e` Jtrly lkdl
k| qcy odictyd |nd{ rdyky|dl( \e ordcj|nky rdyky|chid ncryn bd|nely fkjd tyd
e` iehidh|rc|keh icbwy chl acy ncl |e
od dbwfe{dl ot| he| |e jkff |ndb
cy c aretw ehf{ |e `rkan|dh |ndb kh|e
iebwfkchid( K` |nd ld`dhyd c||erhd{y
ich iehpkhid |nd mtlad |nc| Ntyydkhy
kh|dh| qcy |e yditrd Krcsy diehebki
qdcf|n o{ ldwewtfc|kha |nd Jtrlkyn
crdcy |ndrdo{ yditrkha |nd ekf`kdfly |ndh
|nd wreydit|kehy yneqkha e` kh|dh|
odiebdy btin ncrldr( \nd wreydit|er
ncy |e he| ehf{ yneq |nd rdstkyk|d dpkf
kh|dh| ot| cfye ldbehy|rc|d |nc| |nd
cf|drhc|kpd kh|dh| ky he| wfctykofd(
@er wree` e` |nd ydiehlcr{ kh|dh|
hcbdf{ |nd kh|dh| |e ieboc| Jtrlkyn
`eridy cyyky|kha Krch kh k|y qcr cackhy|
Krcs Ntyydkh qkff wreltid dpkldhid e`
iefftykeh od|qddh Jtrlkyn chl Krchkch
`eridy ltrkha |nd Krch"Krcs Qcr( Nd
qkff cratd |nc| `kan|kha |nd Krchkchy chl
`kan|kha |nd Krcsk Jtrly qdrd ehd chl |ndycbd |nkha `reb Ocanlcly wdrywdi|kpd(
\nc| Jtrlkyn `eridy |eej Ncfcomc kh 3;>>
qk|n ytwwer| `reb Krchkch `eridy cy |nd{
ireyydl kh|e her|ndrh Krcs fdak|kbk}dl
|nd c||cij o{ Krcsk `eridy eh |nc| ik|{ cy c
bkfk|cr{ hdidyyk|{( Ntyydkh qkff ieh|dhl
|nc| qnkfd k| qcy th`er|thc|d |nc| 4777
Krcsk Jtrly lkdl ltrkha ieboc| nky kh|dh|
qcy he| |e jkff ikpkfkchy et|rkan| ot| |e
rd|cjd c y|rc|dakicff{ kbwer|ch| crdc(
\nd wreydit|keh bty| ofth| |ndyd
cf|drhc|kpd kh|dh| |nderkdy( Adearcwn{
ndfwy |ndb |e thldrbkhd |nd ydiehlcr{
cf|drhc|kpd kh|dh| |nder{ `er |nd
Ch`cf icbwckah |nc| Ntyydkh qcy
ieboc|kha Jtrly iefftlkha qk|n Krchkch
`eridy ltrkha qcr|kbd( \nd bcmerk|{
e` Jtrlkyn pkffcady acyydl er ldy|re{dl
ltrkha |nd Ch`cfy qdrd dk|ndr eh |nd
oerldr qk|n \trjd{ he| Krch er yebd
lky|chid khfchl `reb |nd Krchkch oerldr
qndrd bey| e` |nd bkfk|cr{ khitrykehy
qdrd |cjkha wfcid( Berdepdr |neyd
|crad|dl o{ |nd Ch`cfy qdrd ikpkfkchy
he| bkfk|cr{ `eridy er crbdl Jtrly(
\nd wreydit|keh bc{ ineeyd |e
clbk| |nd feaki e` ieth|drkhytradhi{
cy |nd thldrf{kha kldc `er irdc|keh
e` |nd Ch`cf chl |e cratd |nc| |nd
ieth|drkhytradhi{ hehd|ndfdyy dpefpdl
kh|e adheikld( Cy ehd adheikld rdydcrindr`er Ntbch _kan|y Qc|in he|dy |nd
`ci| |nc| Ch`cf qcy o{ |nd hcrreqdy|
ld`khk|keh c ieth|drkhytradhi{ ledy
he|nkha |e lkbkhkyn |nd `ci| |nc| k|
qcy cfye ch ci| e` adheikld( \ndrd
ky he|nkha bt|tcff{ d~iftykpd coet|
ieth|drkhytradhi{ chl adheikld(
Khlddl ehd bc{ od |nd khy|rtbdh|
tydl |e iehytbbc|d |nd e|ndr(
\nd diehebki rc|kehcfd e` |nd wrkbcr{
cf|drhc|kpd kh|dh| |nder{ ky ncrldr |e
c||cij ot| qk|n yebd rdpdryd dhakhddrkha
|nd wreydit|keh bc{ od cofd |e
thldrbkhd k| cy qdff( @er d~cbwfd kh c
lcbhkha ste|d lrcqh `reb ehd
e` bch{ ctlke|cwdy icw|trdl o{ |nd
Thk|dl Y|c|dy chl |rchyfc|dl o{ |nd
Ichclkch Oreclicy|kha Ierwerc|keh
cf"Bcmkl lkyityydy |nd Ch`cfy=
Z\Rdff nkb K qkff y|rkjd( K qkff y|rkjd
qk|n indbkicfy chl jkff |ndb cff(
Qnc| ky |nd kh|drhc|kehcf iebbthk|{
aekha |e yc{5 \nd ndff qk|n |ndb
chl |nd ndff qk|n ch{ e|ndr ieth|r{
kh |nd qerfl |nc| eomdi|y(
Lehcfl _tby`dfl bdd|y Ycllcb Ntyydkh kh 3;>9 .|cjdh `reb pklde fd+(
Adheikld chl |nd \rkcf e` Ycllcb Ntyydkh
K`krdl |nd otffd| ot| {etrd |nd ehd qneacpd bd |nd ath {et dpdh wekh|dlet| |nd dhdb{(
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7/23/2019 The Genocide of the iraqi kurds and Trial of saddam hussein
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?7 v Irdkan|eh Fcq{dr @cff ?774
K` |nc| dpkldh| adheiklcf kh|dh| ich
od kbwt|dl ocij tw |nd inckh |e
Ntyydkh |ndh Ntyydkhy cf|drhc|kpd
d~wfchc|kehy bc{ ieffcwyd(
\nd wreydit|keh qkff od ndfwdl
iehykldrcof{ o{ |nd `ci| |nc| ye bch{
ytrpkpery e` Ntyydkhy adheiklcf wefkikdy
crd pefth|ddrkha |e wrdydh| dpkldhid
cackhy| nkb( Kh rdfc|keh |e |nd c||cij eh
Ncfcomc c `dbcfd y|tldh| c| |nc| |kbd
qcy rethldl tw qk|n e|ndr y|tldh|y
chl wcrcldl od`erd Ntyydkh c| bkfk|cr{
ndclstcr|dry kh Ytfdkbchk{cn( Ynd ycq
nkb eh c arddh |dfdwnehd chl ndcrl nkblky|khi|f{ akpd |nd erldr |e oebocrl
|nd ik|{=
ZKR qetfl fkjd |e |dy|k`{ |nc| K ycq
nkb bcjd |nc| wnehd icff |nc| lc{(
K |nkhj |nd bc||dr ncy iebd cfkpd
cackh& chl heq qd qkff ydd mty|kid(
Ch Crco Krcsk `reb Ocanlcl qne
qk|hdyydl wfchdy fecldl qk|n thtytcf
qdcwehy c| |nd Crokf ckr`kdfl |nc| berhkha
qch|y |e |dff nky y|er{ kh ietr| cy qdff(
Fcij e` jheqfdlad ky che|ndr ld`dhyd
Ntyydkh qkff rckyd qnkin cfye aedy
|e |nd dy|cofkynbdh| e` ywdik`ki kh|dh|(
Ntyydkh qkff ifckb |nc| nd qcy thcqcrd
e` |nd ci|kpk|kdy e` nky ytoerlkhc|dy(
\nky ld`dhyd bc{ `ckf neqdpdr k` |nd
T(Y( e`idry `reb |nd 9rl 4?hl Ikpkf C``ckry Iebbchl chl c `erdhyki |dcb `reb |nd Idh|rd `er @erdhyki Yikdhid& \dinhefea{ chl Fcq e` |nd
Kh`erid @ethlc|keh ac|ndr |e d~cbkhd |nd rdbckhy e` nthlrdly e` oelkdy kh c yineef kh Bc{ ?779 kh Cf Btyc{{ko& Krcs( \nd oelkdy qdrd oretan|
|e |nd yineef `reb c bcyy arcpd lkyiepdrdl kh |nd ldydr| kh |nd et|yjkr|y e` Cf Btyc{{ko(
Adheikld chl |nd \rkcf e` Ycllcb Ntyydkh
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7/23/2019 The Genocide of the iraqi kurds and Trial of saddam hussein
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Irdkan|eh Fcq{dr @cff ?774 v ?3
wreydit|keh wrewdrf{ cyydr|y |nd iebbchl
rdywehykokfk|{ lei|rkhd |nc| kbwt|dy
jheqfdlad tw |nd inckh e` iebbchl
|e fdcldry qne rdcyehcof{ ynetfl ncpd
jheqh qnc| qcy ncwwdhkha( \nd |tstestd.{et |ee+ ld`dhyd qcy rdmdi|dl
c| |nd Htrdbodra |rkcfy e` Hc}k qcr
fdcldry( \e |nd d~|dh| |nc| |nky ld`dhyd
ky rckydl |e c adheikld incrad k| qkff
khpefpd |nd Qdy|y ytwwf{kha nkb |nd
bdchy chl cyyky|chid |e icrr{ et| nky
ci|kehy( K| qkff feyd k|y `erid eh c lebdy|ki
|rkothcf neqdpdr chl ch cratbdh|
|nc| Krch tydl indbkicf qdcwehy `kry|
qnkin ky k|ydf` lkywt|dl qetfl
ykbkfcrf{ od fey| eh ch Krcsk ietr|(
Ntyydkhy c||erhd{y ncpd cfye khlkic|dl
|ndkr kh|dh|keh |e rckyd |nd yepdrdkah
kbbthk|{ ld`dhyd( Dpdh |netan k| ncy
dreldl ykahk`kich|f{ kh kh|drhc|kehcf fcq k|
bc{ {d| rd|ckh yebd ycfkdhid kh lebdy|ki
fcq( \e ytiiddl neqdpdr nky c||erhd{ycijheqfdlad |nc| |nd{ qetfl ncpd |e
yneq |nc| |nd Cbdrkich"fdl khpcykeh e`
Krcs qcy kffdacf thldr kh|drhc|kehcf fcq
chl |ndrd`erd o{ d~|dhykeh Ntyydkh
ky y|kff fdacff{ |nd ndcl e` y|c|d( \nky
y|rc|da{ ky e` ietryd ocydl eh wefk|kicf
okcy chl rc|ndr btrj{ cyydr|kehy(
Wt||kha |nd Cbdrkich"fdl khpcykeh eh
|rkcf ky idr|ckhf{ c ifdpdr cwwrecin chl
ietfl lky|rci| |nd wreiddlkhay ot|
ytin c wefk|kicff{ incradl weyk|keh ky
ch twnkff oc||fd chl k| ky thfkjdf{ |e
dy|cofkyn |nc| Ntyydkh ky |nd itrrdh|
fdacf wrdykldh| e` Krcs dpdh |netan |nd
bd|nel tydl |e ldweyd nkb qcy kffdacf(
Ntyydkhy |rkcf ky d~wdi|dl |e ad| thldr
qc{ kh |nd qkh|dr e` ?774 er dcrf{ ywrkhae` ?770( Bch{ berd qk|hdyydy bty| od
kh|drpkdqdl chl dpkldhid chcf{}dl( K`
iehpki|dl Ntyydkh ietfl `cid |nd ldc|n
wdhcf|{ qnkin qcy |dbwercrkf{ ytywdhldl
ltrkha |nd T(Y("fdl eiitwc|keh( \nd
mty|kid nd `cidy od`erd nky eqh Krcsk
ieth|r{bdh eh |nd Ywdikcf \rkothcf qkff
od berd |nch nd e``drdl |nd |netychly
qne qdrd yfctan|drdl o{ nky nchl er
eh nky erldry( Chl qnkfd yebd Krcsk
wefk|kikchy crd kbwc|kdh| `er stkij
rd|rkot|kpd mty|kid cackhy| nkb cffeqkha
Ntyydkhy |rkcf |e wreiddl c| ch dpdh wcid
|e dhytrd |nc| |nd `tff y|er{ ky |efl chl
|nc| |nd |rt|n dbdrady ky pk|cf( \neyd
qne ytrpkpdl ytin c|reik|kdy cy |nd
Jtrlkyn adheikld ldydrpd he fdyy( Cy le
|nd bdberkdy e` |neyd qne wdrkyndl(
Cffeqkha Ntyydkhy |rkcf |e wreiddl c| chdpdh wcid |e dhytrd |nc| |nd `tff y|er{ky |efl chl |nc| |nd |rt|n dbdrady ky pk|cf(
Bkincdf Jdff{ |dcindy kh|drhc|kehcf irkbkhcf fcq c| Irdkan|eh( Nd ky c bdbodr e` |nd Kh|drhc|kehcf Cyyeikc|kehe` Adheikld Yinefcry chl ct|ner e` |nd hdq oeejHeqndrd |e Nkld= Ld`dc| e` |nd Yepdrdkah Kbbthk|{ Ld`dhyd
`er Irkbdy e` Adheikld & |nd \rkcfy e` Yfeoelch Bkfeydpki chl Ycllcb Ntyydkh.Wd|dr Fcha Wto( ?774+ qk|n c
`erdqerl o{ Ldybehl \t|t chl |nd rdidh| cr|kifd \nd \rkij{ Hc|trd e` Wrepkha Adheikld Cackhy| Ycllcb
Ntyydkh Od`erd |nd Krcsk Ywdikcf \rkothcf kh peftbd 9> e` |nd Ierhdff Kh|drhc|kehcf Fcq Metrhcf.?774+(
Nd cfye |dcindy Dtrewdch Thkeh Fcq Kh|drhc|kehcf Dhpkrehbdh|cf Fcq Kh|drhc|kehcf Fcq Hc|kehcf Yditrk|{ &
@erdkah _dfc|kehy Fcq chl Hc|kpd Cbdrkich Fcq( Nd ich od rdcindl c| bjdff{Girdkan|eh(dlt(
Adheikld chl |nd \rkcf e` Ycllcb Ntyydkh
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