the geography of the rendiconti del circolo … · e. borel, les probabilités dénombrables et...
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"The geography of the Rendiconti del Circolo
Matematico di Palermo:
local and international aspects "
Cinzia Cerroni
Università di Palermo
Some reference dates
1884: The foundation of “Circolo Matematico di Palermo”
1886-88: The “Circolo” has developed as national society of the
mathematicians.
1887: Released the first volume of “Rendiconti del Circolo
Matematico di Palermo”.
1888: New Constitution and New Editorial Board
1891: Henri Poincarè entered to belong to “direttivo” of
Circolo.
1894: Gösta Mittag-Leffler entered to belong to “direttivo” of
Circolo.
The main periods
Three main periods:
1888 – 1904: the Circolo as a national association;
1904 – 1908: the strategy of Guccia for the
internationalization of the Circolo;
1908 – 1914: the great growth.
Members of Circolo Matematico of
Palermo 1884
Residents in Palermo, 22, 81%
Not residents in Palermo, 5, 19%
Total 27
Residents in Palermo 22
Not residents in Palermo 5
1886/1887: The first not – palermitan
members of the Circolo
1886: Eugene Catalan; Giuseppe Battaglini; Valentino
Cerruti; Pasquale Del Pezzo
1887: Thomas Archer Hirst; Ernesto Cesaro; Corrado
Segre; Francesco Brioschi; Luigi Cremona; Enrico
D’Ovidio; Luigi Berzolari; Georges Humbert; Gino Loria;
Giuseppe Peano; Vito Volterra; Enrico Betti
The first period: 1888 - 1904
The members of the editorial board:
1891: Henri Poincaré entered to belong to “direttivo” of
Circolo. (In that way the Rendiconti is the first mathematical
journal with an international editorial board: the Acta’s one
was only inter scandinavian)
1894: Gösta Mittag-Leffler entered to belong to “direttivo”
of Circolo.
1888: New Constitution
Art. 2: [Il Circolo] potrà istituire concorsi a premi e farsi
promotore di congress scientifici nelle varie città del regno.
[Il Circolo] may establish prize competitions and become a
promoter of scientific congress in different cities of the
kingdom.
Art 17: Editorial Board 20 members (five residents and 15
non residents)
Art. 18: elections with a system that guarantees the secrety
of the vote.
1888: New Editorial Board
5 from Palermo: Giuseppe and Michele Albeggiani; Francesco Caldarera; Michele
Gebbia; Giovan Battista Guccia
3 from Pavia: Eugenio Beltrami; Eugenio Bertini; Felice Casorati;
3 from Pisa: Enrico Betti; Riccardo De Paolis; Vito Volterra
2 from Napoli: Giuseppe Battaglini; Pasquale Del Pezzo
2 from Milano: Francesco Brioschi; Giuseppe Jung
2 from Roma: Valentino Cerruti; Luigi Cremona
2 from Torino: Enrico D’Ovidio; Corrado Segre
1 from Bologna: Salvatore Pincherle
A very well distributed arrangement of the best Italian mathematicians!
The most important absence is that of the university of Padova: Giuseppe Veronese
had joined the Circolo in 1888, Gregorio Ricci will never be a member of it
Ulisse Dini and Luigi Bianchi in Pisa will join the Circolo respectively in 1900 and
in 1893.
Members of
Circolo Matematico of Palermo 1888
Residents in Palermo, 46, 45%
Residents in Italy, 50, 49%
Foreigners, 6, 6%Belgium 1
Bohemia 2
France 2
England 1
Total 102
Residents in Palermo 46
Not residents in Palermo 56
Residents in Italy 50
Foreigners 6
Members of Circolo Matematico of
Palermo 1898
Residents in Palermo; 43; 25%
Residents in Italy; 100; 57%
Foreigners; 31; 18%
Total 174
Residents in Palermo 43
Not residents in Palermo 131
Residents in Italy 100
Foreigners 31
Bohemia 2
France 13
Germany 3
Holland 1
Russia 1
Scotland 1
Serbia 1
Spain 2
United States 5
Sveden 1
Switzerland 1
% Foreigners 1998
Bohemia; 2; 6%
France; 13; 42%
Germany; 3; 10%
Holland; 1; 3%
Russia; 1; 3%
Scotland; 1; 3%
Serbia; 1; 3%
Spain; 2; 6%
United States ; 5; 16%
Sveden; 1; 3% Switzerland; 1; 3%
Members of Circolo Matematico of
Palermo 1904
Total 195
Residents in Palermo 31
Not residents in Palermo 164
Residents in Italy 120
Foreigners 44
Residents in Palermo; 31; 16%
Residents in Italy; 120; 61%
Foreigners; 44; 23%
Australia 1
Belgium 1
Bohemia 1
Canada 1
France 16
Germany 4
England and Ireland 1
Mexico 1
Holland 1
Poland 2
Russia 2
Serbia 1
Spain 3
Sveden 2
Switzerland 1
United States 6
% Foreigners 1904
Australia; 1; 2%
Belgium; 1; 2%
Bohemia; 1; 2%
Canada; 1; 2%
France; 16; 36%
Germany; 4; 9%
England and Ireland; 1; 2%
Mexico; 1; 2%
Holland; 1; 2%
Poland; 2; 5%
Russia; 2; 5%
Serbia; 1; 2%
Spain; 3; 7%
United States ; 6; 14%
Sveden; 2; 5%
Switzerland; 1; 2%
The first and the second issue of the
Rendiconti
Some papers by Palermitan scholars and papers by Eugène
Charles Catalan, Thomas Archer Hirst, Pieter Hendrik
Schoute, Corrado Segre (first issue, 1887) and Enrico
Betti, George Henri Halphen, Ernest de Jonquières,
Camille Jordan, Giuseppe Peano, Henri Poincaré, Corrado
Segre, Alexis Starkov, Vito Volterra (second issue, 1888).
Rendiconti of Circolo Matematico
di Palermo
Italy, 22, 92%
Belgium, 1, 4%
England, 1, 4%
Volume 1 1887
Italy, 24, 83%
France, 4, 14%
Ukraine, 1, 3% Volume 2 1888
Italy, 18, 75%
Denmark, 1, 4%
France, 4, 17%
Holland, 1, 4% Volume 3 1889
Italy, 7, 87%
France, 1, 13%
Volume 4 1890 n.1
Italy, 13, 72%
France, 3, 17%
Germany, 1, 5%
United States , 1, 6%
Volume 4 1890 n.2
Italy, 18, 72%
France, 4, 16%
Germany, 1, 4%
Holland, 1, 4%
Russia; 1; 4%
Volume 5 1891
Rendiconti of Circolo
Matematico di Palermo
Italy, 23, 92%
France, 2, 8%
Volume 6 1892
Italy, 20, 95%
Austria; 1; 5%
Volume 7 1893
Italy, 11, 73%
France, 3, 20%
Holland, 1, 7%
Volume 8 1894
Italy, 14, 74%Austria; 1;
5%
France, 1, 5%
Germany, 1, 5%
United States , 2,
11%
Volume 9 1895
Italy, 15, 88%
France, 1, 6%
Germany, 1, 6%
Volume 10 1896
Italy, 14, 82%
France, 2, 12%
Serbia; 1; 6%
Volume 11 1897
Rendiconti of Circolo
Matematico di Palermo
Italy, 15, 83%
Austria; 1; 6%
Germany, 2, 11%
Volume 12 1898
Italy, 5, 83%
Austria; 1; 17%
Volume 13 1899 n.1
Italy, 7, 64%
France, 3, 27%
United States , 1,
9%
Volume 13 1899 n. 2
Italy, 15, 75%
France, 1, 5%
Holland, 1, 5%
Serbia; 1; 5%
Sweden, 2, 10%
Volume 14 1900
Italy, 5, 72%
Belgium, 1, 14%
France, 1, 14%
Volume 15 1901 n.1
Italy1
50%
France 150%
Volume 15 1901 n 2
Rendiconti of Circolo
Matematico di Palermo
Italy, 5, 83%
France, 1, 17%
Volume 16 1902 n.1
Italy, 16, 89%
Belgium, 1, 5%
Russia; 1; 6%
Volume 16 1902 n.2
Italy92%
Serbia; 1; 4%
Czech Repubblic ,
1, 4%
Volume 17 1903 n.1-2
Italy, 20, 83%
Belgium, 1, 4%
France, 2, 9% Greece, 1, 4%
Volume 18 1904 n.1
Rendiconti of Circolo Matematico
di Palermo 1888-1904
Prevalently National
Languages: Italian, English, France,
German
Content: Pure and applied Mathematics
Circulation: Europe, nord, sud, est, ovest,
United States
The preparation and the great
progress. New members
1904: Max Noether
1905: F. Klein, H.G. Zeuthen, W. Osgood, G. Cantor, J. Lüroth, O. Veblen,
G. Darboux, E. Landau, R. Moore
1906: I. Fredholm, E. Borel, M. Fréchet, D. Hilbert, J. Hadamard, J.
Wedderburn,
1907: P. Sylow, P. Duhem, K. Hensel, H. Lebesgue
1908: F. Riesz, M. Dehn, E. Zermelo, H. Weyl, Emmy Noether
1909: A. Hurwitz, H. Bohr, W. Sierpinski
1910: L. Bieberbach, R. Courant, F. Hausdorff, G. H. Hardy, W. Burnside
1911: J. Coolidge, Friedrich Noether
1912: B. Russell, G. Polya
1913: H. Steinhaus, G. D. Birkhoff
1914: S. Lefschetz, A.A. H.Fraenkel
1907: an important lunch
Lunch which was held November3, 1907 at the Restaurant of theHotel Continental, Paris. At thislunch took part (as you seen fromthe manuscript of Guccia): C.Darboux, C. Jordan, H. Poincarè,P. Appel, P. Painlevè, G.Humbert, J. Hadamard, G. Borel,D. Andrè, C. Laisant, G. Fouret,J. Drach, L. Olivier, P. Boutroux,besides Guccia.
This meeting laid the foundationfor the internationalization of theCircolo Matematico di Palermo.
The editorial board till 1909
From Palermo: Giuseppe Albeggiani (from 1888 till his death 1892); Michele Albeggiani
(1888 – 1909); Francesco Caldarera (1888 – 1893); Michele Gebbia (1888 – 1909);
Francesco Gerbaldi (1894 – 1905); Gabriele Torelli (1894 – 1909)
From Italy: Giuseppe Battaglini (Napoli 1888 – 1893); Eugenio Beltrami (Pavia and Roma
1888 – 1890); Eugenio Bertini (Pavia 1888 – 1893); Enrico Betti (Pisa 1888 – 1893); Luigi
Bianchi (Pisa 1897 – 1908); Francesco Brioschi (Milano 1888 – 1896); Alfredo Capelli
(Napoli 1894 – 1908); Felice Casorati (Pavia 1888 – 1890); Valentino Cerruti (Roma 1888
– 1908); Luigi Cremona (Roma 1888 – 1903); Riccardo De Paolis (Pisa 1888 – 1893);
Pasquale Del Pezzo (Napoli 1888 – 1908); Alfonso Del Re (Napoli 1900 – 1908); Ulisse
Dini (Pisa 1900 – 1908); Enrico D’Ovidio (Torino 1888 – 1893 and 1906 – 1908);
Giuseppe Jung (Milano 1888 – 1899); Gino Loria (Genova 1894 – 1908); Giovanni
Maisano (Messina and Palermo 1894 – 1899); Ernesto Pascal (Pavia and Milano 1900 –
1908); Giuseppe Peano (Torino 1894 – 1908); Salvatore Pincherle (Bologna 1888 – 1908);
Corrado Segre (Torino 1888 – 1890); Alberto Tonelli (Roma 1900 – 1908); Vito Volterra
(Pisa, Torino, Roma 1888 – 1908)
From abroad Gösta Mittag Leffler (Stockholm 1894 – 1908); Henri Poincaré (Paris 1891 –
1908)
The cultural policy of Rendiconti after
1904: Opening to the young
“ In any case - and this is one of the most remarkable among the great
and immortal merits of Guccia - he always judged mathematicians
solely from their papers, without worrying about their age, or their
official position; he has helped many beginners - as I was a dozen years
ago - to publish their research in his important journal and to have
confidence in themselves. I came here to thank the Circolo Matematico
– that is Guccia – for the fact that he has created, to many
mathematicians, their position in science” [E. Landau, 14 Aprile 1914]
M. Fréchet, Sur quelques points du calcul fonctionnel, 1906
Introduction axiomatic of metric spaces.
E. Borel, Les probabilités dénombrables et leurs applications
arithmétiques, 1909
The cultural policy of Rendiconti after
1904: Applied Mathematics
Levi – Civita: Sopra un problema di elettrostatica che si è presentato nella
costruzione di cavi, 20, 1905
G. Colonnetti: Sul moto di un liquido in un canale, 32, 1911
“Io spero di poter dare ai Rendiconti maggiore estensione nel campo delle
applicazioni delle matematiche superiori moderne. La memoria di Levi Civita
fu il primo passo verso questo ordine di idee; come un altro importantissimo
lavoro [di Poincaré]che comparirà[…]”
[Guccia a Colonnetti, 24 febbraio 1906]
“I hope to extend the contributions of the Rendiconti in the field of modern
higher applied mathematics, following a continually growing trend. The paper
by Levi Civita was a first step taken in this order of ideas; as well as another
very important paper [of Poincarè]….which will pubblished […]”
The cultural policy of Rendiconti after
1904: The Theory of Relativity
H. Poincaré, Sur la dynamique de l’électron, 21, 1906
M. Abraham, Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Korper, 28,
1909
M. Abraham, Sull’elettrodinamica di Minkowski, 30, 1910
T. Levi Civita, Nozione di parallelismo su una varietà
qualunque, 42, 1917
A. Palatini, Sui fondamenti del calcolo differenziale
assoluto, 43, 1919
A. Palatini, Deduzione invariantiva delle equazioni
gravitazionali dal principio di Hamilton, 43, 1919
Rendiconti of Circolo
Matematico di Palermo
Italy; 13; 62%
Belgium; 1; 4%
Denmark; 2; 9%
France; 1; 5%
Germany; 1; 5%
England; 1; 5%
Holland; 1; 5%
Poland; 1; 5%
Volume 19 1905 n.1
Italy, 20, 95%
Belgium, 1, 5%
Volume 20 1905
Italy, 20, 74%
Belgium, 1, 4%
Denmark, 1, 4%
France, 2, 7%
Germany, 1, 4%
England, 2, 7%
Volume 21 1906 n.1
Italy, 16, 67%
Belgium, 1, 4%
France, 3, 12%
Germany, 4, 17%
Volume 22 1906 n,1
Rendiconti of Circolo
Matematico di Palermo
Italy, 19, 70%
Denmark, 2, 8%
France, 2, 7%
Germany, 4, 15%
Volume 23 1907 n.1
Italy, 15, 60%
France, 2, 8%
Germany, 4, 16%
Greece, 1, 4%
England, 2, 8%United States,
1, 4%
Volume 24 1907 n.1
Italy; 15; 53%
Finland; 1; 3%
France; 2; 7%
Germany; 6; 21%
Greece; 1; 4%
United States; 1; 4%
Romania; 1; 4%
Sweden; 1; 4%
Volume 25 1908 n.1
Italy, 8, 42%
Belgium, 1, 6%
France, 3, 16%
Germany, 4, 21%
England, 1, 5%
Hungary, 1, 5%
CzechRepubblic , 1,
5%
Volume 26 1908 n.1
Rendiconti of Circolo Matematico
di Palermo 1905-1908
0
5
10
15
20
25
Volume 191905 n. 1
Volume 201905 n.1
Volume 211906 n.1
Volume 221906 n.1
Volume 231907 n.1
Volume 241907 n.1
Volume 251908 n.1
Volume 261908 n.1
Italiani
Stranieri
Rendiconti of Circolo Matematico
di Palermo 1905-1908
Internationals Growth
Languages: Italian, English, France,
German
Content: Pure ad Applied Mathematics
Circulation: Europe, nord, sud, est, ovest,
United States
A bitter disappointment«Quant au Congrès de Rome, ainsi que vous l’avez pu remarquer sur la place,
notre Société c’est effacée dès que dans la Séance d’inauguration l’Académie des Lincei
a fait annoncer par son President qu’elle prenait la direction du Congrès. Cette
circonstance, aussi imprévue que bizarre, étant en désaccord avec les circulaires
précédents, a un peu étonné le public. Il fallait donc, sans faire du bruit, sauvegarder la
dignité de notre grande association internationale … qui jouit, à tous les points de vue,
d’une grande indépendance, et à laquelle appartiennent les plus illustres et célèbres
mathématiciens du monde entier. Je ne crois pas donc avoir mal agi, dans ma qualité de
délégué du Circolo au Congrès, en résiliant, sous un prétexte avouable et vraisemblable
… nos accords avec le Comité d’organisation … La seule chose qui m’est vraiment
pénible dans cette affaire, c’est que, parmi les membres du Comité “organisateur” (le
seul responsable vis-àvis du public) il y avait trois membres du Conseil de Direction du
Circolo, qui sont de mes bons et excellents amis, mais qui, dans la circonstance, ont
oublié tout à fait notre Société! Entre l’Accademia dei Lincei, illustre et célèbre qui
s’occupe de tout, même du fromage «Gorgonzola» et notre modeste société qui ne
s’occupe d’autre que des mathématiques le choix n’était pas douteux pour eux: ils se
sont tournés vers l’Académie, pour accroître sa gloire à l’occasion du Congrès.»
[Guccia a Mittag-Leffler 12 luglio 1908]
Regarding the Congress of Rome, as you may have noticed, our Society has
been troubled because, during the inaugural session, the President of the Accademia
dei Lincei announced that it had undertaken the organization of the Congress. This
fact, unexpected and strange, contradicted the previous circular letters and amazed
the audience. It was necessary, without any fuss, to safeguard the dignity of our great
international association…which is, from every point of view, greatly autonomous,
and which has among, its members the most famous and illustrious mathematicians
in the world. I don’t think that I have done anything wrong, in my capacity as
representative of the Circolo at the Congress, in recinding, advancing a likely
excuse,…our agreements with the organizational Committee…The only thing that I
find really painful in this affair is that among the members of the the organizational
Committee…there were three members of the Circolo’s editorial board, who are my
good friends, but who on this occasion completely forgot our Society! Between the
Accademia dei Lincei (renowned and famous) which is interested in everything, even
Gorgonzola cheese, and our modest Society which is interested only in mathematics,
they had no doubt: they sided with the Accademia, to advance its reputation on the
occasion of the Congress.
The answer: the “direttivo” of 1909
Even more internationalization
From Palermo: G. B. Guccia, E. Ovazza, G. Scorza, M. Gebbia
Italian 15: G. Bagnera (Palermo), M. De Franchis (Catania), C.
Segre e C. Somigliana (Torino), G. Loria (Genova), G. Vivanti
(Pavia), T. Levi-Civita e F. Severi (Padova), F. Enriques e S.
Pincherle (Bologna), E. Bertini, L. Bianchi e U. Dini (Pisa), R.
Marcolongo ed E. Pascal (Napoli)
French 5: È. Borel, J. Hadamard, G. Humbert, È. Picard e H.
Poincaré (Paris)
German 6: D. Hilbert, E. Landau e F. Klein (Göttingen), C.
Caratheodory (Hannover), M. Noether (Erlangen), P. Stæckel
(Karlsruhe)
English 2: A. R. Forsyth (Cambridge) e A. Love (Oxford)
Austria-Hungary 3: L. Fejer (Koloszovar), F. Mertens e W.
Wirtinger (Vienna)
U.S.A. 2: E. H. Moore (Chicago) e W. Osgood (Cambridge-
Mass)
Russian 2: A. Liapunov e A. Steklov (S. Pietroburgo)
Sweden 2: E. I. Fredholm e G. Mittag-Leffler (Stoccolma)
Greece 1: Stéphanos (Atene)
Belgium 1: C. J. de la Vallée Poussin (Lovanio)
Denmark 1: H. G. Zeuthen (Copenhagen)
The answer: the “direttivo” of 1909
Even more internationalization
Rendiconti of Circolo
Matematico di Palermo
Italy, 3, 22%
Algeria; 1; 7%
France, 2, 14%
Germany, 7, 50%
Greece, 1, 7%
Volume 27 1909 n.1
Italy, 13, 59%Germany, 4, 18%
Greece, 1, 4%
United States , 1, 5%
Romania; 2; 9%Sweden, 1, 5%
Volume 28 1909 n.1
Italy; 7; 31%
Austria; 1; 5%
Belgium; 1; 5%
Denmark; 1; 4%France; 3; 13%
Germany; 5; 22%
England; 1; 4%
Polland; 1; 4%
Scotland; 1; 4%
Romania; 1; 4%
Switzerland; 1; 4% Volume 29 1910 n.1
Italy50%
Austria4%
Belgium4%
France9%
Germany9%
England4%
Montenegro5%
Hungary5% Sweden
5%
Switzerland5%
Volume 30 1910 n.1
Rendiconti of Circolo
Matematico di Palermo
Italy, 10, 53%
Austria; 1; 5%
Belgium, 1, 5%
Denmark, 1, 5%
France, 2, 11%
Germany, 2, 11%
Russia; 2; 11%
Volume 31 1911 n.1
Italy30%
Austria4%Belgium
4%China
4%Denmark4%
France4%
Germania30%
Greece7%
Polland4%
United States
4% Romania4%
Russia4%
Volume 32 1910 n.1
Italy, 15, 54%
Austria; 1; 4%
Francia; 5; 18%
Germany, 2, 7%
Ukraine, 1, 4%
Romania; 2; 7%
Sweden, 1, 4%
Switzerland, 1, 4%
Volume 33 1912 n.1
Italy, 7, 33%
Belgio; 1; 5%
Francia; 1; 5%
Germany, 5, 24%
Japan, 1, 5%
England, 1, 5%
United States , 2, 10%
Hungary, 2, 10%
Russia; 1; 5%
Volume 34 1912 n.1
Rendiconti of Circolo
Matematico di Palermo
Italy38%
Austria3%Belgio
3%France
3%
Germany17%
Greece3%
England3%
Polland3%
United States14%
Romania7%
Sweden3%
Volume 35 1913 n.1
Italy; 18; 50%
Belgium; 1; 3%Denmark; 1; 3%
France; 3; 8%
Germany; 1; 3%
England; 1; 3%
United States; 3; 8%
Ukraine; 2; 6%
Hungary; 2; 6%
Czech Repubblic ; 3;
8% Russia; 1; 3%
Volume 36 1913 n.1
Italy; 11; 42%
Austria; 1; 4%Denmark; 2; 8%
France; 2; 8%
Germany; 3; 12%
Latvia; 1; 4%
Portugal; 1; 4%
United States; 2;
8%
Hungary; 1; 4%
Czech Repubblic ; 1;
4%
Russia; 1; 4%
Volume 37 1914 n.1
Italy; 8; 36%
Austria; 1; 5%
Denmark; 1; 5%
Germany; 5; 23%
United States; 4;
18%
Hungary; 1; 5%
Sweden; 1; 5%
Switzerland; 1; 5% Volume 38 1914 n.1
Rendiconti of Circolo Matematico
di Palermo 1909-1914
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Volume27 1909
n.1
Volume28 1909
n.1
Volume29 1910
n.1
Volume30 1910
n.1
Volume31 1911
n.1
Volume32 1911
n.1
Volume33 1912
n.1
Volume34 1912
n.1
Volume35 1913
n.1
Volume36 1913
n.1
Volume37 1914
n.1
Volume38 1914
n.1
Italians
Foreigners
Rendiconti of Circolo Matematico
di Palermo 1909-1914
Completely Internationals
Languages; Italian, English, France,
German
Content: Pure ad Applied Mathematics
Circulation: Europe, nord, sud, est, ovest,
United States
Members of Circolo Matematico di
Palermo 1914
Residents in Palermo, 72, 8%
Residents in Italy, 234, 25%
Foreigners, 618, 67%
Total 924
Residents in Palermo 72
Not residents in Palermo 852
Residents in Italy 234
Foreigners 618
% Foreigners 1914
Argentine; 8; 1%
Australia; 1; 0%
Austria-Hungary; 77; 12%
Belgium; 12; 2%
Canada; 1; 0%
Denmark; 12; 2%
Egypt; 3; 0%
France; 67; 11%
Germany; 140; 23%
Japan; 4; 1%
Greece; 6; 1%
India; 4; 1%
England and Ireland; 29; 5%
Mexico; 2; 0%Norway; 3; 0%
New Zeland; 1; 0%
Holland; 6; 1%
Portugal; 5; 1%
Romania; 6; 1%
Russia; 44; 7%
Serbia; 3; 0%
Spain; 11; 2%
United States ; 140; 23%
Sveden; 21; 3%
Switzerland; 12; 2%
Comparison between the principal
mathematical associations (1914)
Circolo matematico di Palermo 924
Deutsche Mathematiker Vereinigung 769
American Mathematical Society 703
London Mathematical Society 320
Société Mathématique de France 298
Members of Circolo
Matematico di Palermo 1928
Residents in Palermo; 79; 14%
Residents in Italy; 140; 24%
Foreigners; 356; 62%
Total 575
Residents in Palermo 79
Not residents in Palermo 496
Residents in Italy 140
Foreigners 356
% Foreigners 1928Argentina ; 1; 0%
Australia; 1; 0%
Brazil ; 1; 0%
Egypt; 1; 0%
Finland; 1; 0%
Yugoslavia; 1; 0%
New Zeeland; 1; 0%
Palestine ; 1; 0%
South Africa; 1; 0%
Germany; 65; 24%
France; 41; 15%
Soviet Union; 21; 8%
Great Britain ; 17; 6%
Hungary; 15; 6%
Poland; 13; 5%
Switzerland ; 13; 5%
Sweden; 9; 3%
Japan; 8; 3%
Holland; 8; 3%
Spain; 8; 3%
Belgium; 6; 2%
Czechoslovakia; 6; 2%
Denmark ; 6; 2%
Romania; 6; 2%
Austria; 5; 2%
Greece; 4; 1% India; 4; 1%
Portugal ; 4; 1%
Canada ; 2; 1%
Norway ; 2; 1%
Rendiconti of Circolo
Matematico di Palermo
Italy82%
France4%
Russia4%
Czech Repubblic
5%5%
Volume 52 1928
Italy; 9; 64%
France; 3; 22%
Russia; 1; 7%
Czech Repubblic; 1;
7%
Volume 53 1929
Conclusions
The analysis, amongs others, clearly shows the close
relationship between Guccia's strategy regarding
Circolo Matematico di Palermo and the editorial
strategy of the Rendiconti. Infact, as the
internationalization of the Circolo Matematico di
Palermo grows, the Rendiconti became a completely
international journal, to such an extent that they
contain more articles of foreigners than Italians.