the gerund or the –ing. comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.edna is a working...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Gerund
Or the –ing
![Page 2: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle.
1. Edna is a working woman.participle
2. I enjoy working for this company.gerund
3. Laura is working on her homework.Present progressive
![Page 3: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1. Eric is walking with his dogs right now.Present progressive
2. Eric uses a walking stick to walk in the woods.
participle3. Walking everyday is good for your health.
gerund
![Page 4: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Gerund’s characteristics• Ending in –ing. • Verbal form functioning as a
noun.• It does not serve a verb in a
sentence.• It can hold different roles and
places in the sentence.• For examples: as a subject,
as a direct object, as a subject complement, as an object of preposition and so on…
![Page 5: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Illustrating the gerund and its different functions in a sentence.
As a subject:- Swimming is good for the
health.As an object:-I enjoy swimming. As a subject complement:-One of the best hobbies is
swimming.
![Page 6: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Object of preposition -After a preposition you
often need to use a Gerund.
![Page 7: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Common prepositions• About, after, against,
around, at, before, beyond, but, by, despite, during, for, from, in, inside, into, on, onto, outside, over, since, through, toward, under, upon, until...
![Page 8: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Examples
1. Eric always complains about losing his keys. 2. Peter insists on giving me his horse.3.To apologize for being disrespectful towards
Johnny isn’t enough!4. Leopold wins at Scrabble by cheating.5. Upon hearing this news, Lola started
laughing.
![Page 9: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Difference between a gerund and a participle
1. We both call the gerund and the participle verbals.
2. A participle is a verb used as an adjective that modifies a noun.
3. A gerund is a noun form of a verb.
![Page 10: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Exercise no.1
• In groups of two, write 6 sentences: 3 using the participle and 3 using the gerund.
• After you’re done, compare your answers with another team.
• Finally, choose two sentences (one gerund+ one participle)
We are going to compare your answers with the whole group.
![Page 11: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Participles can be used as compound words, (adjective modifying a noun):
-He bought a sleeping bag. (If we remove the participle sleeping, the
sentence becomes much more vague). -My looking-glass reflects a beautiful image
right now.(If we remove the participle looking, it can be
any types of glass).
![Page 12: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Thus, when we use the participle as a compound word, it is to be much more specific.
![Page 13: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Exercise no.2: Find what each image represents…think
participle…
![Page 14: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Find what each image represents… think
participle…
![Page 15: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The « gérondif » compared
1. The French gérondif is sometimes a gerund if you say en dansant, en chantant… while dancing, while singing…
2. Other times, « le gérondif » can be a participle… thus an adjective that modifies a noun ( un soleil levant… a rising sun, un film épeurant… a frightening movie).
![Page 16: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Le « Gérondif » compared…Gerund or participles?
• The provoking words (les mots provoquants)• An intriguing enigma (Une énigme intrigante)• A suffocating gaz (un gaz suffocant)
![Page 17: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Unfortunately, these previous examples are not gerunds, but participles, because they areadjectives that modify the nouns.
![Page 18: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Comparing the infinitive with the Gerund
1. Infinitive is a verbal too and it holds different roles in the sentence such as a noun or a modifier (adverb or adjective).
2. Infinitive can be used with or without the “to”.
Infinitive with the word "to" can function as either the SUBJECT or the OBJECT of a verb.
![Page 19: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
3. When you use the infinitive or the gerund the meaning of your sentence can change.
4. Other times, it does not make any differences in the meaning of the sentence.
![Page 20: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Exercise no.3: comparing the infinitive with the gerund
• Compare what the differences are between each set of two given examples.
• Try to guess how the context changes depending if we use the gerund or the infinitive.
![Page 21: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Are you ready?
![Page 22: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
GO!
![Page 23: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• A few examples where the meaning of your sentence can change.
What is the difference between these two sentences?
Ex.1: Infinitive: You should stop to think about your
future.Gerund: You should stop thinking about your
future.
![Page 24: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Ex.1: Infinitive: You should stop to think about your
future.(Meaning: person never thinks about it but
should).Gerund: You should stop thinking about your
future. (Meaning: person always thinks about it).
![Page 25: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What is the difference between these two sentences?
Ex.2: Infinitive:She remembers to feed the
cat.Gerund: She remembers feeding
the cat.
![Page 26: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Ex.2: Infinitive:She remembers to feed the
cat.(Meaning: it is a habit, she
always does it).Gerund: She remembers feeding
the cat.(Meaning: She recalls
having fed the cat).
![Page 27: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
What is the difference between these two sentences?
• Ex.3 Infinitive: He went on to talk about his trip to Paris.Gerund: He went on talking about his trip to Paris.
![Page 28: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Ex.3 Infinitive: He went on to talk about his trip to Paris.(Meaning: change of subject-logical step
during a conversation).Gerund: He went on talking about his trip to Paris. (Meaning: He kept on talking about it and
would not stop).
![Page 29: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
What is the difference between these two sentences ?
Ex.4Infinitives: I tried to yell.
Gerund: I tried yelling.
![Page 30: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Ex.4Infinitives: I tried to yell.(Meaning: no sound came
out).Gerund: I tried yelling.(Meaning or purpose: in
order to get their attention).
![Page 31: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
What is the difference between these two sentences?
Ex.5 Infinitive: -I found someone to paint the house.
Gerund: -I found someone painting the house.
![Page 32: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Ex.5 Infinitive: -I found someone to paint the house.(Meaning: She hired him).Gerund: -I found someone painting the house.(Meaning: He is not supposed to do so.She caught him in the actand probably ran after him).
![Page 33: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• What is the difference between these two sentences?
Ex.6 Infinitive: It’s too hot to sit in the sun.Gerund: It’s too hot sitting in the
sun.
![Page 34: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Ex.6 Infinitive: It’s too hot to sit in the sun.(Meaning: They are inside).Gerund: It’s too hot sitting in the
sun. (Meaning: They are
presently sitting outside).
![Page 35: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
A few examples of sentences
where the meaning does not change if you
use either the infinitive or the
gerund.
![Page 36: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
1.-He began to run. = He began running.
-He started to run.= He started running. -He continued to run. = He continued running.
2.-I like to read. = I like reading.
-I love to read.= I love reading. 3.
-I hate to wait. = I hate waiting. -I can’t stand to wait. = I can’t stand waiting.
-I can’t bear to wait.= I can’t bear waiting.
![Page 37: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Thus, in these previous cases, the meanings
stay the same either if you use the gerund or
the infinitive!
![Page 38: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Activity 4
Exercises on the Gerund, infinitive and participle and
reviews.
![Page 39: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Recap
• What is the function of the gerund?It functions as a noun.• What is the difference between a gerund and
a participle?A participle functions as an adjective that
modifies the noun.• How does the infinitive and the gerund differ
from one another ?• The meaning of your sentence can sometimes
change if you use the gerund or the infinitive.
![Page 40: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Activity 5
• Clickers Game!
Comparing the infinitives with the gerunds.
![Page 41: The Gerund Or the –ing. Comparing the verb, the gerund and the participle. 1.Edna is a working woman. participle 2. I enjoy working for this company](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649da95503460f94a960d7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
References
• http://dictionary.reference.com• http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/
resource/627/01/• http://www.englishgrammar.org/
gerunds-simple-nouns/• http://www.really-learn-english.com/
gerunds-and-infinitives.html• http://www.sonnerct.com/
English_Rules/LR10_Gerunds_Infinitives.htm