the gilded age 1869-1889 or 1870-1890 mark twain charles dudley warner the gilded age. mark twain...
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 23
THE GILDED AGE
The Gilded Age
1869-1889 or 1870-1890Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner were the men who
wrote a book The Gilded Age.
Nicknames for the Gilded Age :
“Era of Good Stealings” “Great Barbecue”
Most popular figure to emerge from Civil War.
Appeared non-political.
Voters tired of typical politicians!
Election of 1868
Republican Nominee--Grant
Republican Platform: Continued Military Reconstruction
Democratic Nominee--Horatio Seymore
Democratic Platform: Denounced Military Reconstruction
1.Jim Fisk and Jay Gould
2.Tweed Ring
3.Credit Mobilier Scandal
4.Whiskey Ring
Located in New York City
Led by William “Boss” Tweed
Political machine called Tammany Hall
Exposed by NY Times and cartoonist Thomas Nast
Liberal Republican Party formed in response to Grant’s corrupt presidency
“Turn the Rascals Out”
Republican Party endorsed Grant…”Grant us another term!”
Democrats endorse Horace Greeley
Caused by
1.Overproduction of railroads, mines, factories, and farm products
2.Bankers made too risky loans
3.Value of
“Greenbacks” went down
Democrats in Congress wanted to print more money to stimulate the economy. Republicans feared rise in inflation
SPECIE RESUMPTION ACT OF 1875-Greenbacks
out of circulation; payments in gold!
Formed seeing more soft money
Elected 14 members to Congress
Died when the currency issue was resolved!!!
• 80% voted in the Gilded Age.
• Straight ticket- when you vote for everyone of the same party.
• Ticket splitting- when you vote for candidates on
both parties. This was very rare
during the Gilded Age.
Voting patterns during the Gilded Age
GOP- Grand Old Party …….Republicans
GAR- “Grand Army of the Republic”…veteransGenerally all Republicans
Patronage is the new word that means basically the spoils system. Used heavily by both parties during
the Gilded Age.
Republicans were divided into 2 factions over the Spoils System: Stalwarts and Half-Breeds.
Stalwarts- supported the use of the spoils system. Roscoe Conkling was the leader of the Stalwarts
Half-Breeds- wanted to reform the spoils system. James G. Blaine was the leader of the Half-Breeds.
Disputed election.
Samuel Tilden got 184 electoral votes but needed just one more to become president.
Hayes needed 20 and there were 20 electoral votes in dispute.
Election of 1876Samuel Tilden- DemocratRutherford B. Hayes- Republican
Which states were in dispute? Why?
Decided the winner of the Election of 1876
Congress passed the Electoral Count Act.5 Senators, 5 House members and 5 from
the Supreme Court… one independent Supreme Court justice, David Davis.
(7 Republicans, 7 Democrats, and 1 independent)
Tell the story! Would this happen today?
Result: 8 Republicans to 7 Democrats
COMPROMISE OF 1877
1. Rutherford B. Hayes becomes president.
2 Hayes must withdraw all federal troops
out of the South thus officially ending Reconstruction. 3. Hayes had to give some
Democrats government jobs through the
spoils system.
Compromise of 1877
Last major compromise in American history
REVIEW ALL
“Lemonade Lucy”- his wife, got nickname b/c
she didn’t allowing drinking in White House.
Rutherford B. Hayes • “Rutherfraud”
• “Old 8-to-7”
• “His Fraudulency”
The “Cold Water” administration
The “Cold Water” administration
This was the last Civil Rights Act past by the Republicans to protect blacks during Reconstruction.
Supposedly guaranteed equal accommodationsin public places & prohibited racial discrimination in jury selection. (basically the Civil Rights Act of1964)
This act was toothless and stayed that way for almost a century.
Civil Rights Act of 1875
The 3 methods that Southern Democrats used against blacks to keep them from exercising
their civil rights:
•Poll taxes
•Literacy tests
•Barefaced intimidation
“Grandfather clause” was passed by many states. This stipulated that if your grandfather had voted in the election of 1860…you were exempt from poll taxes & literacy tests.
The “Jim Crow” laws were a series of laws passed in South in 1890’s. These segregated blacks and whites in public places.
These were declared legal and constitutional in Plessy v. Fergerson
Plessy v. Fergerson stated,”that separate but equal is O.K.” This legalized segregation!
Plessy v. Fergerson stated,”that separate but equal is O.K.” This legalized segregation!
18961896
Many Chinese “coolies” were coming into California.
They competed with the Irish and Blacks for jobs!
Denis Kearney was the Irishman who organized the abuse of the Chinese.
The Chinaman sometimes wore a pigtail called a “queues”
Chinese Exclusion Act
Chinese Exclusion Act-- slammed
the door on Chinese immigrants.
They were prohibited from
immigrating to the United States.
1882
President- James Garfield Republican- Half-Breed
Vice Pres.- Chester Arthur Republican- Stalwart
Election of 1880Election of 1880
“What is there in this place that a man should ever want to get into?”
James A. Garfield
What was a Stalwart?
What was a Half-Breed?
What was a Stalwart?
What was a Half-Breed?
“I am a stalwart, Chester Arthur is now president of the U.S.!”… -Charles Guiteau
Charles Guiteau
The Assassination of James Garfield
Charles Guiteau shot Garfield. He was adisappointed and deranged office-seeker.
“For the vice-presidency, I was indebt to Mr. Conkling, but for the Presidency of the U.S. my
debt is to the Almighty.”-Chester Arthur
What did he mean by this
quote?
Passed because of the assassination of James Garfield.
Reformed the Spoils System.
Set up a merit system based on aptitude, instead of who you were or knew.
Set a system of competitive examinations
Passed because of the assassination of James Garfield.
Reformed the Spoils System.
Set up a merit system based on aptitude, instead of who you were or knew.
Set a system of competitive examinations
The Pendleton Civil Service ActThe Pendleton Civil Service Act 18831883
James G. Blaine- RepublicanGrover Cleveland- Democrat
Election of 1884
Mulligan Letters- group of letters written by Blaine that showed he
was involved in some corrupt deals.
At the bottom it read, “burn this letter!”
Democrats used it as a slogan “Burn, burn, burn this letter!”
Mugwamps- group of Republicans who refused to vote for Blaine.
Grover Cleveland- bachelor at the time of his election.Had an affair with a widow, child was born and he took
responsibility.Republican slogan was “Ma
ma where’s my pa?”
Grover Cleveland- bachelor at the time of his election.Had an affair with a widow, child was born and he took
responsibility.Republican slogan was “Ma
ma where’s my pa?”
Election was close, came down mainly to New York.
Slogan said by one of Blaine’s followers that helped his defeat was “Rum, Romanism, and
Rebellion”
Insulted Irish in NY, and along with Mulligan Letters, cost him the election.
Election of 1884
“Laissez-Faire”- “Hands off, let be” Govt. should not intervene with private business.
“Pork- barrel”- things not necessary or useful. Spending money not meant to be spent.
Though the people should support the government, the
government should not support the people.”
-Grover Cleveland
“What’s the point in being elected or re-elected unless you stand for something?”
-Grover Cleveland
“Public office is a public trust.” -Grover ClevelandQuotes
The “Forgettable Presidents”The “Forgettable Presidents”
U. S. GrantRutherford B. HayesJames A. GarfieldChester ArthurBen Harrison***Grover Cleveland
U. S. GrantRutherford B. HayesJames A. GarfieldChester ArthurBen Harrison***Grover Cleveland
Grover Cleveland- DemocratBenjamin Harrison- Republican
“Young Tippecanoe”
Grover Cleveland- DemocratBenjamin Harrison- Republican
“Young Tippecanoe”
Election of 1888Election of 1888
Grandson of William Henry Harrison
Grandson of William Henry Harrison