the gilded age - ms. adcox u.s. history (1877- current) · the gilded age was … •an era in us...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Gilded Age
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The Gilded Age was…•An era in US history that seemed good and prosperous ($$$) on the outside but was politically corrupt with serious social problems on the inside.
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This era happened in…
•The late 19th century (1870-1900)
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Industrialization and Westward Expansion
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Industrialization
•Mass manufacturing and Factories
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Free-Enterprise System
•Gov. keeps hands off businesses/economy (laissez-faire)
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Urbanization•The growth of cities
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New Technology• 1. Lightbulb (1879) Thomas Edison
• 2. Telephone (1876) Alexander Graham Bell
• 3. Transcontinental Railroad (1869)
• 4. Bessemer Steel Process (1856)
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STEEL
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Westward Expansion• Transcontinental Railroad opened new markets to the
west all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
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Great Plains
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Homestead Act• Federal gov. grant
free land in west
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Dawes Act
•Forced assimilation of Native Americans
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Robber Barons and Political Machines
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Big Business • Industrialization and Laissez-Faire economics ($$$) allowed
for MONOPOLIES (trusts) to happen in America
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Robber Barons- Entrepreneurs or Ruthless Businessmen?
•1. Andrew Carnegie- Steel
•2. John D. Rockefeller- Oil
•3. J.P. Morgan- Banking
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Political Machines•Urban organizations
designed to win elections and reward its followers, both rich and poor
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Tammany Hall• Powerful political machine in NYC lead
by Boss Tweed (political boss)/ helped immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise in American politics
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Philanthropy • Rich people should donate money (Carnegie= Gospel of Wealth)
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Immigration, Urban Issues, and Sweatshops
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Social Darwinism
• “Survival of the fittest” in society
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Immigration• Industrialization= more jobs (unskilled labor) [Irish to
North] [Chinese to West/California to work on railroads]
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Ethnic Ghetto• a group of people of the same ethnicity living together in the
same area of a city
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Working Conditions• Bad/dangerous/low pay → Child Labor →Women work (textiles)
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Nativism• Those against immigration to the US
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Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882• Prohibited all immigration
of Chinese laborers for 10 years
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Beginning Regulation and Reform
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Labor Unions• Organization of workers that demand
better treatment
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Labor Strikes• As the US became a major industrial power, conflict between workers and
factory owners grew bigger (Homestead Strike and Pullman Strike)
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Collective Bargaining • Negotiating between employees and an employer
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1880)• U.S. federal law which outlawed trusts — monopolies— to increase
economic competitiveness.
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Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
•U.S. federal law that was designed to regulate the railroadindustry, particularly its monopolistic practices.
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The Pendleton Act (1883)• U.S. federal law which states
federal gov jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political support (civil service reform ending the “spoils system”).
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