the glimmerings gems (volume 2) [english]

7/28/2019 The Glimmerings Gems (Volume 2) [English]

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www"mjrulijtwj"cra"ju

Kcbthbts

:" Trhijkh6" Nbtrcmuktncb

;" ]`h Krhhm ci t`h Ohsshbahr ci Jllj` Thjkh jbmflhssnbas fh upcb `no=" ]`h lhajky ci t`h [k`cljrs ci J`lussubbj` Qjl/

GjojRj` cvhr t`h pjst := khbturnhs snbkh t`hTrcp`htnk Onarjtncb, stjbms wntbhss t`jt t`h krhhm ciJ`lussubbj` ns CBH7 ]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h[k`cljrs ci t`h7

:" :st Khbtury"6" 6bm Khbtury";" ;rm Khbtury"=" =t` Khbtury"

8" 8t` Khbtury"9" 9t` Khbtury"1" 1t` Khbtury"0" 0t` Khbtury">" >t` Khbtury":4":4t` Khbtury"::"::t` Khbtury":6":6t` Khbtury":;":;t` Khbtury":=":=t` Khbtury":8":8t` Khbtury"

8" ]`h [k`cljrs ciJ`lus/[ubbj` wjl/G jojRj` jllpursuh t`h sjoh Krhhm" ]`hy `jm t`h lhjm nb t`hmnskcursh ci vjrncus Nsljonk sknhbkhs7 ]`h [ubbnyyKrhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs ci7

:" Zurjbnk Hxpljbjtncb jbm nts rhljthm sknhbkhs"6" @jmnt` jbm nts rhljthm sknhbkhs";" Nsljonk Gurnsprumhbkh jkkcrmnba tc t`h @jbjinyy

[k`ccl"=" Nsljonk Gurnsprumhbkh jkkcrmnba tc t`h [`jinRnyy

[k`ccl"8" Nsljonk Gurnsprumhbkh jkkcrmnba tc t`h Ojlnenyy

[k`ccl"9" Nsljonk Gurnsprumhbkh jkkcrmnba tc t`h @jofjlnyy

[k`ccl"1" ]`h Jrjfnk Ljbaujah"0" Nsljonk @nstcry jbm Fncarjp`nhs ci Ouslno

[k`cljrs">" Q`c Jut`crhm fcces cb t`h sufghkt ci vjrncus

shkts":4"]`h ]ruh [uin sk`cljrs"

9" Icr ocrh t`jb = khbturnhs, jl/RJqnmj` jl/Ours`nmj`

wjs vhrfjlly mhlnvhrhm fy t`h Oujm`nbs (ocsquhskjllhrs icr prjyhrs. murnba t`h ]jsfn` phrncm (gust
http://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Prefacehttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Prefacehttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Introductionhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Introductionhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Creed%20of%20Prophethttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Creed%20of%20Prophethttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Creed%20of%20Prophethttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Creed%20of%20Prophethttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#One%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#One%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#One%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#One%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#One%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#One%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#One%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#1st%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#1st%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#2nd%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#2nd%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#3rd%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#3rd%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#4th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#4th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#5th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#5th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#6th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#6th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#7th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#7th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#8th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#8th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#9th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#9th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#10th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#10th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#10th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#11th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#11th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#11th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#12th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#12th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#12th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#13th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#13th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#13th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#14th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#14th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#14th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#15th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#15th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#15th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Islamic%20Scienceshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Islamic%20Scienceshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Islamic%20Scienceshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Islamic%20Scienceshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Islamic%20Scienceshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Islamic%20Scienceshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Islamic%20Scienceshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Islamic%20Scienceshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Quran%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Quran%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Hadith%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Hadith%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Hanafiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Hanafiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Hanafiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Hanafiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Shafi%5Eiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Shafi%5Eiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Shafi%5Eiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Shafi%5Eiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Malikiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Malikiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Malikiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Malikiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Hambaliyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Hambaliyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Hambaliyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Hambaliyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Arabic%20Language%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Arabic%20Language%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#History%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#History%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#History%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#History%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Various%20Sectshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Various%20Sectshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Various%20Sectshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Various%20Sectshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Sufi%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Sufi%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Sufi%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Salahuddinhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Salahuddinhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Salahuddinhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Salahuddinhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Salahuddinhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Salahuddinhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Salahuddinhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Salahuddinhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Salahuddinhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Sufi%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Various%20Sectshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Various%20Sectshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#History%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#History%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Arabic%20Language%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Hambaliyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Hambaliyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Malikiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Malikiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Shafi%5Eiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Shafi%5Eiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Hanafiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Hanafiyy%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Hadith%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Quran%20Scholarshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Islamic%20Scienceshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Islamic%20Scienceshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Islamic%20Scienceshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Islamic%20Scienceshttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#15th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#14th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#13th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#12th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#11th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#10th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#9th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#8th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#7th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#6th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#5th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#4th%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#3rd%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#2nd%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#1st%20Centuryhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#One%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#One%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#One%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#One%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#One%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Creed%20of%20Prophethttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Creed%20of%20Prophethttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Introductionhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Preface


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6

fhicrh Ijgr Trjyhr.1" Jl/RJqnmj` jl/Ours`nmj 0" Hvnmhbkh t`jt t`h Krhhm ci[`jye` RJfmullj` jl/

@jrjrnyy jlsc ebcwb js jl/@jfjs`nyy jbm `ns stumhbtsns nb jkkcrmjbkh tc t`h krhhm ci t`h rhbcwbhm

sk`cljrs ci t`ns bjtncb

Trhijkh

]`h kcopnljtncb ci jll ojthrnjl, wnt`nb t`h pjahs ci t`ns fccelht, cb t`h sufghkt ci t`h !NsljonkKrhhm ciJ@LX[[XBBJ@ QJL G JOJRJ@ ns nb rhspcbsh tc t`h mhtrnohbtjl jfshbkh ci suk`bhkhssjry nbicrojtncb jt t`ns tnoh jbm jah" ]`ns Krhhm ns t`jt ci t`h Js`jrnyyj` jbm Ojturnmnyyj`w`c ojeh up t`h ojgcrnty ci t`h Nsljonkbjtncb jbm ns cutlnbhm nb jut`hbtnkjthm thxts wrntthb fyprconbhbt Nsljonksk`cljrs, Bjrrjtcrs ci t`h Trcp`hts sjynbas, Nbthrprhthrs ci t`h @cly Zurjb jbm

Nsljonk@nstcrnjbs w`c rhprhshbt t`h arhjthr ocst trusthm fcmy ci sk`cljrs nb cur NsljonkBjtncb"]`ns fccelht ns tntlhm7

]c fh mnstrnfuthm icr t`h purpcsh ci mhmnkjtnba t`h ahbhrjthm rhwjrms tc t`h scul ci t`h rna`thcussk`cljr jbm bjrrjtcr ci@jmnt`, [`jye` RJfmullj` Jl/@jrjrnyy, ojyJllj` fhstcw ohrknhs upcb `nojbm rhwjrm `no arhjtly"Jonb"

Nbtrcmuktncb

Trjnsh fh tc Jllj`, Q`c prnvnlhahm t`h [ubbnyysk`cljrs wnt` `clmnba `na` t`h ebcwlhmah ci]jw`nm

jbm t`h Nsljonk krhhm, jbm Q`c aunmhm t`ho tc sukkhssiully rhfut hvhry onskcbkhptncb jbmijlljky t`h nbbcvjtcrs ci onsaunmjbkh frcua`t tc t`h kcoocb ljyohb" Ojy Jllj` rjnsh t`h rjbe cicur fhlcvhm Trcp`ht Ou`joojm, t`h cbh w`c sprhjm t`h lna`t ci trut` jbm hlnonbjthm t`hmjrebhss ci nabcrjbkh"

Jyj` :66, ci[urjt jt/]jwfj` ohjbs7 UCi hvhry trccp ci t`h fhlnhvhrs, cbly j arcup s`culm acicrt`, w`nlh ct`hrs s`culm stjy wnt` t`h Trcp`ht mhvctnba t`hoshlvhs tc iurt`hr stumy nb Vhlnancbkcbvhynba nt tc t`hnr phcplh w`hb t`hy rhturb t`jt t`hy ojy fh wjrbhm_"

]`h sk`cljrs ci Nsljo jrh lneh t`h stjrs nb t`h bna`t sey, anvnba aunmjbkh tc t`h cbh w`c lcst `nswjy nb t`h mjrebhss" Q`hb cbh t`nbes jfcut t`h honbhbt sk`cljrs w`c `jvh fhhb rhkcabnzhm fy

t`h hbtnrh bjtncb, jbm w`c `jvh rhkhnvhm t`h jkebcwlhmahohbt ci t`h phcplh ci Ebcwlhmah jbmljyohb jlneh, cbh t`hb kcbklumhs t`jt t`hy jrh cb t`h pjt` ci t`h Kcopjbncbs jbm t`hnr[ukkhsscrs" ]`hrh ns bct j sknhbkh jocbast t`h sknhbkhs ci t`h Vhlnancb t`jt t`hsh sk`cljrs `jvhbct ojsthrhm, t`us lhjvnba bcbh tc hskjph t`hnr ebcwlhmah" @hbkh, t`hy whrh `na`ly rhajrmhm jbmrhkcabnshm icr `jvnba jkqunrhm j vjst jocubt ci hvhry typh ci NsljonkEbcwlhmah" Iurt`hrocrh,lccenba jtthbtnvhly jt t`h Nsljonk lnfrjry jbm nts ojby frjbk`hs ci ebcwlhmah suk` js t`hEbcwlhmah ci t`h @cly Zurjb, @jmnt`, Oht`cmclcanhs ci Nsljonk Gurnsprumhbkh jbm nts vjrncussufmnvnsncbs, Nsljonk@nstcry jbm Jrjfnk Ocrp`clcay jbm Arjoojr, cbh kjbbct fut jkebcwlhmah,wnt`cut t`h slna`thst mcuft, t`h stjtus jbm nopcrtjbkh ci t`h sk`cljrs ci J`lus/[ubbj` wjl/GjojRj` jbm t`h hiicrt t`hy put nbtc mhihbmnba t`h Vhlnancb ci Nsljo"

Qh `jvh hlhkthm tc kcopnlh nb t`ns puflnkjtncb qucths phrtjnbnba tc t`h NsljonkKrhhm irco t`hhonbhbt sk`cljrs ci hjk` ci t`h pjst :8 khbturnhs" Nb jmmntncb, wh `jvh mhlnfhrjthly shlhkthm irco
http://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Salahuddinhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Salahuddinhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Aqidah%20Murshidahhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Aqidah%20Murshidahhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Harariyy%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Harariyy%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Harariyy%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Harariyy%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Harariyy%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Harariyy%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Harariyy%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Harariyy%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Harariyy%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Harariyy%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Harariyy%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Harariyy%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Harariyy%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Harariyy%20Creedhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Aqidah%20Murshidahhttp://darulfatwa.org.au/content/view/887/326/#Salahuddin


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t`hsh sk`cljrs t`csh w`c `jvh ojsthrhm vjrncus inhlms ci ebcwlhmah tc hlnonbjth jby mcuft jbm tcjssnst jll nb fhlnhvnba wnt` khrtjnbty t`jt t`h icllcwnba krhhm ns nb jkkcrmjbkh wnt` t`h thjk`nbas cit`h @cly Zurjb jbm wnt` t`h oht`cmclcay ci t`h Ohsshbahr ciJllj`, phjkh jbm flhssnbas fhupcb `no" ]`h fjsns ci t`ns krhhm rhsts cb t`h icubmjtncbjl Nsljonkfhlnhi Lj nlj`j nlljllj` w`nk`ohjbs (bc cbh ns Acm hxkhptJllj`." ]`ns fhlnhi ns ubjbnocusly jarhhm upcb jbm ns cbh t`jt ubnths

t`h hbtnrh bjtncb ciTrcp`ht Ou`joojm sjlljllj`u Rjljy`n wj sjlljo w`c sjnm7


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Nojo GjRijr js/[jmnq (mnhm :=0 J@., ojy Jllj` rjnsh `ns rjbe, sjnm7@h w`c kljnos t`jtJllj` ns nbjbyt`nba cr cb jbyt`nba cr irco jbyt`nba kcoonts s`nre (typh ci fljsp`hoy." Fhkjush, `jm @hfhhb cb jbyt`nba, @h wculm `jvh fhhb kjrrnhm, `jm @h fhhb nb jbyt`nba, @h wculm `jvh fhhbkcbtjnbhm, jbm `jm @h fhhb irco jbyt`nba, @h wculm `jvh fhhb j krhjtncb"Bjrrjthm fy Nojo jl/Zus`jyrnyynb `ns fcce jr/Vnsjlj`"

Nb `ns fcce !Jl/Inq` jl/Jfsjt! t`h arhjt Nojo jbm Ougtj`nm Jfu @jbnij` jb/BuRojb Nfb ]`jfnt(mnhm :84 J@., ojy Jllj` rjnsh `ns rjbe, sjnm7Jllj` ns hthrbjlly hxnsthbt jbm hthrbjlly pljkh mnm bcthxnst" Jllj` hthrbjlly hxnsts fhicrh krhjtnba t`h krhjtncb" Jllj` hthrbjlly hxnsts jbm hthrbjlly t`hrhwjs bc pljkh cr jby ct`hr krhjtncb jbm @h ns t`h Krhjtcr ci hvhryt`nba"

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs ci t`h ;rm Khbtury

]`h arhjt Nojo jbm Ougtj`nm Ou`joojm Nfb Nmrns Js`/[`jinRnyy(mnhm 64= J@., ojy Jllj` rjnsh`ns rjbe, sjnm7 Jllj`, t`h Hxjlthm ns hthrbjlly hxnsthbt jbm hthrbjlly pljkh mnm bct hxnst" Jllj`krhjthm t`h pljkh w`nlh @h ns stnll jttrnfuthm wnt` Hthrbnty js @h wjs fhicrh krhjtnba t`h pljkh" Nt ns

nbthllhktujlly nopcssnflh icr k`jbah tc ckkur nb @ns [hli cr icr jlthrjtncb tc `jpphb nb @nsJttrnfuths"Vhljthm fy Nojo jz/Wjfnmnyynb `ns fcce !Nt`ji js/[jmjtnl/Outtjqnb!"

&Nojo Jòjm Nfb @jofjl(mnhm 6=: J@. bhvhr jttrnfuthm mnrhktncbjlnty tc Jllj`"&Vhljthm fy NojoNfb Jl/Gjwznyynb `ns fcce MjiR [ùf`jtnt/]js`fn`!"

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs ci t`h =t` Khbtury

Nb `ns fcce !jl/RJqnmj` jt/]j`jwnyyj`! t`h arhjt Ijqn` jbm Nojo Jfu GjRijr jt/]j`jwnyy (fcrb

6;1 J@, mnhm ;6: J@., sjnm7Jllj` ns utthrly klhjr ci jll fcubmjrnhs, hxtrhohs, snmhs, crajbs, jbmnbstruohbts" ]`h snx mnrhktncbs mc bct kcbtjnb @no, js t`hy kcbtjnb jll krhjthm t`nbas"

Nb `ns whll/ebcwb fcce ![j`n` Nfb @nffjb! Jl/@jinm` Ou`joojm Nfb @nffjb (mnhm ;8= J@. sjnm7Jllj`ns hthrbjlly hxnsthbt jbm hthrbjlly bc tnoh cr pljkh mnm hxnst"

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs ci t`h 8t` Khbtury

Nb `ns fcce !Ousènlul/@jmnt`! Nojo Jfu Fjer Ou`joojm Nfb jl/@ussjyb, jlsc ebcwb js NfbIurje(mnhm =49 J@. sjnm7Nt ns nbthllhktujlly nopcssnflh icrJllj`, t`h Hxjlthm, tc ckkupy pljkhs, fyrhjscb ci t`h nopcssnfnlnty ci lnonts jbm hbms jpplynba tc @no, w`nk` ns nb turb muh tc t`hnopcssnfnlnty t`jtJllj`ns krhjthm"

Nb `ns fcce !Jl/Ns`jrj` nlj ojm``jf j`lnl/@jqq! (t`h aunmh tc t`h oht`cmclcay ci t`h phcplh citrut`. nojo jbm Ijqn` Jfu Ns`jq js`/[`nrjznyy (mnhm =19 J@., j arhjt [`jinRnyy sk`cljr sjnm7Jllj` ns hthrbjlly hxnsthbt jbm hthrbjlly pljkh mnm bct hxnst" Jllj` krhjthm t`h pljkh, jbm @h ns stnllhxnsthbt js @h hthrbjlly wjs (n"h" wnt`cut j pljkh."


Nb `ns fcce !ZjwjRnmul/RJqjnm! [`jye` Jfu @jonm Ou`joojm Nfb Ou`joojm jl/A`jzjlnyy

(mnhm 848 J@., j arhjt [`jinRnyysk`cljr sjnm7 Jllj` ]`h Hxjlthm ns klhjr irco kcbtjnbohbt fy


5/20


8

pljkh, jbm ns klhjr irco rhstrnktncb fy tnoh" Vjt`hr, @h ns hthrbjlly hxnsthbt fhicrh krhjtnba tnohjbm pljkh, jbm @h ns stnll hxnsthbt js @h hthrbjlly wjs (n"h" wnt`cut j pljkh."

Nb `ns fcce !jl/Zjfjs in s`jr` Ouwjttj Ojlne Nfb Jbjs! jl/Zjmn (]`h Gumah. Jfu Fjer Nfb jl/RJrjfnyy(mnhm 8=; J@., j arhjt Ojlnenyysk`cljr irco Jbmjlusnj (prhshbtly ebcwb js [pjnb. sjnm7&Jllj`, Q`c ns Jl/Fjrn (]`h Krhjtcr. ns klhjr irco t`h lnontjtncb ci t`h snx mnrhktncbs cr t`hhbvhlcpohbt ci pljkhs"


Nb `ns fcce jut`crhm cb nbthrprhtnba t`h Zurjb ebcwb js !Jt/]jisnrul/ Ejfnr!Nojo Ije`r jr/Vjznyy(mnhm 949 J@., sjnm7Vhajrmnba t`h Jyj` { } nt ns nopcssnflh icr t`h ohjbnba ci t`hwcrm !RJlnyy!, w`hb jttrnfuthm tc Jllj`, tc rhihr tc jfcvhbhss nb thros ci jb upwjrm mnrhktncb crpljkh, js hvnmhbkh kcbinros t`h ijlljky t`hrhnb" @hbkh, t`ns ojbmjths t`jt t`h ohjbnba ci t`hwcrm !RJlnyy!ns t`jtJllj` ns klhjr ci rhshoflnba jll nbthllhktujl pcssnfnlntnhs jbm ci jby snonljrnty tc

t`h krhjtncb"

Nb `ns fcce !Oul`jtul/NRtnqjm![`jye` RNzzum/Mnb Nfb RJfmns/[jljo (mnhm 994 J@., nb rhihrhbkh tcJllj` sjnm7 Jllj` ns bct j fcmy jbm tùs @js bc icro, @h ns bct jb hbtnty jbm tùs @js bcohjsurhm lnonts" @h mchs bct rhshoflh jbyt`nba jbm bct`nba rhshoflhs @no" ]`h snx mnrhktncbs mcbct surrcubm @no, bcr mc t`h hjrt`s jbm senhs hbklcsh @no" @h ns hthrbjlly hxnsthbt fhicrhkrhjtnba t`h krhjtncbs" @h krhjthm tnoh, jbm @h stnll hxnsts js @h hthrbjlly wjs (n"h" wnt`cut jpljkh."


Nb `ns fcce Nmjùm/Mjlnl! Jl/Zjmn Fjmrum/Mnb Ou`joojm nfb Nfrj`no ebcwb js Nfb GjojRj` js`/[`jinRnyy(mnhm 1;; J@. sjnm7Jllj` ns hthrbjlly hxnsthbt jbm hthrbjlly bc tnoh cr pljkh mnm hxnst" @hstnll hxnsts js @h hthrbjlly wjs (n"h" wnt`cut t`h bhhm icr pljkh cr tnoh."

Nb `ns fcce !jl/Fj`rul/Ou`nt! hxpljnbnba vhrsh :> ci [urjt jl/Jbfnyj t`h arhjt lnbaunst jbmnbthrprhthr jbm rhknthr ci t`h @cly Zurjb, Ou`joojm Nfb ûsui ebcwb js Jfu @jyjb jl/Jbmjlusnyy(mnhm 1=8 J@. sjnm7 ]`h wcrm Rnbmj nb t`ns Jyj` mchs bct `jvh t`h iubktncb ci jbjmvhrf ci pljkh fhkjush Jllj` ns klhjr ci ckkupynba pljkhs" Vjt`hr, nt ns ushm nb t`h kcbthxt ci`cbcurjflh stjtus jbm `na` stjbmnba"

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs ci t`h >t` Khbtury

Nb `ns fcce ]jrùt/]jt`rnf in [`jr`nt/]jqrnf!w`hb hxpljnbnba t`h sjynba ci t`h Trcp`ht sjlljlljùRjljy`n wj sjlljo7


6/20


9

bct nbihr pljkh, rjt`hr, nt nbihrs `cbcurjflh stjtus" Kcbshquhbtly, t`h truh ohjbnba ci t`h Trcp`htssjynba ns t`jt t`ns fcce ns pcsntncbhm nb j pljkhJllj`jwjrmhm `na` stjtus jbm `cbcur"

sk`cljrinRnyyj[èbcwb/, t`h whllbnyyjjlqRJs/jgr jl@Nfbmìn@jt`h arhjt!nrjF/ul`!IjtNb `ns fcce(mnhm 086 J@. sjnm7Jlt`cua`nt ns nopcssnflh icr t`h upwjrm jbm mcwbwjrm mnrhktncbs tc jpply tc

(Jfcvhbhss nb j ohtjp`crnkjlRXluww/Jl@h kjbbct fh jttrnfuthm wnt`nt mchs bct hbtjnl,`jJllshbsh." ]`ns ns sc fhkjush jttrnfutnba @no wnt` Jl/RXluww(Jfcvhbhss. ns irco t`h pcnbt ci stjtus,

w`nk` ns nopcssnfly jpplnkjflh nb j p`ysnkjl shbsh w`hb nb rhihrhbkh tc Jllj`" @hbkh, nt `js fhhb"nljOutjR/Jl, jbmRJlnyy/, JlnlJR/Jljrh`jJllrhljthm t`jt jocba t`h bjohs ci

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs ci t`h :4t` Khbtury

Nb `ns fcce !Jl/Nelnl ins/tnbfjtnt/]jbznl! Jl/@jinm` Gjljlum/Mnb RJfmur/Vjòjb nfb Jfn Fjer Js/[uyutnyy Js`jinRnyy(mnhm >:: J@. sjnm7]`hJyj`7 { } `clms wnt`nb nt j rhiutjtncb tc t`hkrhhm ci t`h Ous`jffn`j` (t`csh w`c lnehb Jllj` tc t`h krhjtncb. jbm j kcbinrojtncb t`jt @h(Jllj`. ns bct j ojss, j fcmy, j kclcur, j tjsth, jbm t`jt @h mchs bct ckkupy j spjkh cr kcbicro tc

tnoh"

Nb `ns fcce Nrs`jm js/[jrn [`jr` [j`n` jl/Fue`jrnyy! [`jye` Jful/RJffjs [`n`jfum/Mnb JòjmNfb Ou`joojm jl/Zjstjljbnyy jl/Onsrnyy(mnhm >6; J@. sjnm7]`h [hli ciJllj` ns klhjr irco t`hbctncbs ci pljkh jbm mnrhktncb"

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs ci t`h ::t` Khbtury

Nb `ns fcce !Jr/Vjwmul/Jz`jr in [`jr`nl/Inq`nl/Jefjr! [`jye` Oullj RJlnyy jl/Zjrn(mnhm :4:= J@.,

t`h whll/ebcwb @jbjinyysk`cljr sjnm7]`h RXluwwciJllj` cvhr @ns krhjtncb hofhmmhm nb t`hohjbnba ci vhrsh 9: ci [urjt jl/JbRjo ns nbmhhm jb jfcvhbhss nb stjtus jbm mconbjtncb, jsojbmjthm fyJ`lus/[ubbj` wjl GjojRj` jbm bct j p`ysnkjl jfcvhbhss"

Nb `ns fcce !Jl/Iutu`jt Jr/Vjffjbnyyj`! Jl/Ou`jmmnt` js`/[`jye` Ou`joojm Nfb RJlnyy ebcwbjs Nfb RJlljb js/[nmmnqnyy js`/[`jinRnyy(mnhm :481 J@. sjnm7NbmhhmJllj` ns jfcvh @ns krhjtncbnb stjtus jbm mconbjtncb, jbm bct nb pljkh jbm mnrhktncb"


Nb `ns hluknmjtncb tc t`h fcce !Ouwjttjci Nojo Ojlne! [`jye` Ou`joojm nfb RJfmnl/Fjqn jz/Wjrqjbnyy(mnhm ::66 J@., j whll/ebcwb Ojlnenyysk`cljr sjnm7Nojo jl/Fjymjwnyysjnm7


7/20


1

Nb `ns whll/ebcwb pcho kjllhm !jl/E`jrnmj` jl/Fj`nyyj`!rhljtnba tc t`h jttrnfuths ciJllj` t`h arhjtOjlnenyy [k`cljr, [`jye` Jful/Fjrjejt Jòjm nfb Ou`joojm jm/Mjrmnr (mnhm :64: J@. ircoHaypt sjnm7 Jllj` ns klhjr irco ckkupjbky, mnrhktncbjlnty, jttjkòhbt, mhtjkòhbt jbmrhkelhssbhss"

Nb `ns fcce ![`jrùl/RJqnmj` jt/]j`jwnyyj`!(]`h hxpljbjtncb ci jt/]j`jwnyyj`. [`jye` RJfmul/A`jbnyy jl/Aùbjyonyy jl/Ojymjbnyy(mnhm :6>0 J@., j arhjt @jbjinyysk`cljr irco Mjojskus,[yrnj sjnm7 Jllj`, t`h Hxjlthm, ns bct j fcmy, t`hrhicrh tc shh Jllj` ns mniihrhbt t`jb tc shh t`hkrhjthm fcmnhs" Jby shhnba oust fh nb jkkcrmjbkh wnt` t`h jttrnfuths ci w`jt ns shhb" ]`hrhicrh,t`h krhjtncb w`nk` ns nb j khrtjnb pljkh jbm mnrhktncb kjbbct fh shhb hxkhpt nb t`jt pljkh jbmmnrhktncb js pjrt ci nts jttrnfuths" Iurt`hrocrh, shhnba j krhjtncb nbvclvhs rhknprckjl prcxnonty,kcbbhktnvh cptnkjl fhjos jbm j sht mnstjbkh" @cwhvhr, shhnba Jllj`, t`h Cbh Q`c mchs bct hxnstnb j pljkh cr j mnrhktncb jbm ns bct j fcmnly hbtnty ns gust js whll, wnt`cut @no hxnstnba nb j pljkh crnb j sht mnrhktncb"

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs ci t`h :=t` Khbtury

Nb `ns fcce !]jnyyjt js/[ulue! [`jye` RJfmul/Ojgnm js`/[`jrbufnyy jl/Jz`jrnyy(mnhm :;=0 [email protected] Jllj`, t`h Hxjlthm ns bct sufghkt tc tnoh lnontjtncbs bcr ns kjrrnhm cvhr j khrtjnb pljkh" Nbrhjlnty, @h ns hthrbjlly hxnsthbt jbm hthrbjlly bc pljkh cr tnoh mnm hxnst, jbm bcw @h hxnsts js @hhthrbjlly wjs (n"h" wnt`cut fhnba sufghkt tc pljkh jbm tnoh."

Nb `ns fcce !Iurqjb jl/Zurjb! [`jye` [jljoj` jl/ZumjRnyy jl/RJzzjonyy(mnhm :;19 J@., j arhjt[`jinRnyysk`cljr sjnm7]`h trutìul rna`thcus [jlji([k`cljrs w`c lnvhm nb t`h inrst t`rhh khbturnhsjithr t`h Trcp`htnk Onarjtncb. jbm E`jlji ([k`cljrs w`c lnvhm jithr[jlji. ubjbnocusly jarhh tcklhjrjl/@jqq (j bjoh ciJllj` w`nk` ohjbs7 ]`h Cbh Q`csh Hxnsthbkh ns fhycbm mcuft. t`hHxjlthm, irco hxnstnba nb jby mnrhktncb cr pljkh"


Nb `ns fcce !jl/Jyjt jl/Ouèjojt! [`jye` Ou`joojm nfb Jòjm ebcwb js jm/Mj` js`/[`jbqntnyy(mnhm :=4= J@., icrohrNojo cijl/E`jtonyyj` Ocsquh nb [umjb sjnm7]`h sk`cljrs ciJ`lus/[ubbj` wjl/GjojRj` `jvh jll ubjbnocusly jarhhm t`jt Jllj` mchs bct bhhm jbyt`nba jbmt`jt hvhryt`nba ns nb bhhm ci @no" @h hxnsts mhshrvhmly wnt`cut t`h bhhm tc jb jllckjtcr cr pljkh"@h krhjthm tnoh jbm pljkh, jbm @h stnll hxnsts js @h hthrbjlly wjs"

Nb `ns fcce Nm``jr jl/RJqnmj` js/[ubbnyyj`!(]`h Hluknmjtncb ci t`h [ubbnyy Krhhm. [`jye` jbm

Ou`jmmnt` RJfmullj` jl/@jrjrnyy (mnhm :=6> J@. ebcwb js jl/@jfjs`nyy sjnm7 ]`h rna`thcusphcplh ci ebcwlhmah `jvh stjthm t`jt Jllj` ns bct inroly jiinxhm nb jby pljkh ohjbnba t`jt nt nsnbthllhktujlly nopcssnflh icrJllj`tc fhkcoh nb kcbtjkt wnt` j pjrtnkuljr pljkh jbm rhst cvhr nt"

]`h [k`cljrs ciJ`lus/[ubbj` wjl/G jojRj` jll pursuh t`h sjoh Krhhm"]`hy `jm t`h lhjm nb t`h mnskcursh ci vjrncus Nsljonk sknhbkhs

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs ciZurjbnkHxpljbjtncb jbm nts rhljthm sknhbkhs


8/20


0

Nb `ns fcce !Jl/GjonR lnjèjo jl/Zurjb! [`jye` Ou`joojm nfb Jòjm jl/Jbsjrnyy jl/Zurtufnyy(mnhm 91: J@., j whll/ebcwb Ojlnenyysk`cljr jbm hxpljnbhr ci t`h @cly Zurjb sjnm7]`h bjoh ciJllj`Jl/RJlnyyrhihrs tc @ns arhjtbhss nb stjtus, jbm mchs bct rhihr tc jb hlhvjthm pljkh fhkjushJllj`ns klhjr ci ckkupynba spjkh"

Nb `ns hxpljbjtncb, [`jye` RJfmullj` nfb Jòjm jb/Bjsjinyy (mnhm 14: J@., jlsc j rhbcwbhmnbthrprhthr ci t`h @cly Zurjb sjnm7 @h (Jllj`. ns hthrbjlly hxnsthbt jbm hthrbjlly pljkh mnm bcthxnst, jbm @h stnll hxnsts js @h wjs fhicrh krhjtnba pljkh, @h mnm bct k`jbah"

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs ci@jmnt` jbm nts rhljthm sknhbkhs

Nb `ns fcce !MjiR [ùfj`nt/]js`fn`! @jinm` RJfmur/Vjòjb nfb RJlnyyebcwb js Nfb jl/Gjwznyy(mnhm 8>1 J@., j arhjt @jofjlnyysk`cljr sjnm7Nt ns cflnajtcry upcb us tc inroly fhlnhvh t`jt t`h[hli ciJllj`ns bct kcbinbhm tc pljkh bcr jttrnfuthm wnt` k`jbah cr ocvnba"

Nb `ns fcce !Jl/Ojqjsnmul/@jsjbj`! @jinm` Ou`joojm nfb RJfmnr/Vjòjb js/[je`jwnyy (mnhm

>46 J@. sjnm7 Cur [`jye` (ohjbnba Nfb @jgjr jl/RJsqjljbnyy. sjnm7 ]`h Ebcwlhmah ciJllj`hbkcopjsshs jll t`nbas, jbm Jllj` ]`h Hxjlthm ns klhjr ci ckkupynba pljkhs, icr @h ns hthrbjllyhxnsthbt fhicrh pljkhs whrh frcua`t nbtc hxnsthbkh"

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs ciNsljonk Gurnsprumhbkh jkkcrmnba tc t`h @jbjinyy[k`ccl

Nb `ns fcce Nt jius/[jmjtnl jl/Outtjqnb t`h arhjt @jinm`, Ijqn` jbm whll/ebcwb lnbaunst,Ou`joojm Ourtjmj jz/Wjfnmnyy(mnhm :648 J@. ci t`h @jbjinyy[k`ccl sjnm7Jllj`, t`h Hxjlthm,ns klhjr ci k`jbanba irco cbh stjth tc jbct`hr, ocvnba irco pljkh tc pljkh jbm p`ysnkjl

jttjkòhbt jbm mhtjkòhbt, icr t`hy jll jrh jttrnfuths ci t`h krhjtncbs"

Nb prjnsnba t`h Trcp`ht phjkh fh upcb `no [`jye` jbm IjqnÒu`joojm Jonb nfb RXojrebcwbjs Nfb RJfnmnb (mnhm :686 J@., t`h ijocus @jbjinyysk`cljr irco Mjojskus / t`h jut`cr ci t`hwhll/ebcwb kcoohbtjry sjnm7 Jbm Ou`joojm (phjkh fh upcb `no. wjs jwjrmhm jl/qurf(arhjthr stjtus. fy jr/Vjòjb (Jllj`., bct jl/qurft`jt rhihrs tc klcshbhss nb mnstjbkh cr pljkh"

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs ciNsljonk Gurnsprumhbkh jkkcrmnba tc t`h Ojlnenyy[k`ccl

Nb `ns fcce Jl/Nbsji inoj yjgnfuR/tnqjmuù wj lj yjguzul/gj`lu fn`n(t`h gust rulnba rhajrmnba w`jtcbh ns cflnajthm tc fhlnhvh nb jbm kjbbct fh nabcrjbt ci.Jl/Zjmn(Gumah.Jfu Fjer jl/Fjqnlljbnyy, jrhbcwbhm Ojlnenyysk`cljr (mnhm =4; J@. sjnm7Qh mc bct stjth t`jt t`h Arjbm RJrs` (]`rcbh. ns jrhsnmhbkh cr j lckjtncb icrJllj`, muh tc t`h ijkt t`jt Jllj`, t`h Hxjlthm, ns hthrbjlly hxnsthbt jbmpljkh ns bct, `hbkh w`hb pljkh wjs frcua`t nbtc hxnsthbkh fy @ns Krhjtnba @h mnm bct k`jbah"

Nb `ns fcce Jl/Jgwnfj` jl/Ije`nrj` [`jye` Jòjm Nfb Nmrns jl/Zjrjinyy (mnhm 90= J@., jbHayptnjb Ojlnenyysk`cljr sjnm7Jbm @h (Jllj`. ns bct nb jby mnrhktncb, jbm w`hb wh jrh jmontthmtc TjrjmnshJllj` wnll arjbt us t`h `cbcur ci shhnba @no wnt`cut @no fhnba nb jby mnrhktncb&"


9/20


>

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs ciNsljonk Gurnsprumhbkh jkkcrmnba tc t`h[`jinRnyy [k`ccl

Nb `ns fcce Js`/[`jonl in Xsulnm/Mnb [`jye` Jful/OjRjln RJfmul/Ojlne jl/Guwjybnyy (mnhm =10J@., j arhjt [`jinRnyysk`cljr ebcwb js Nojo jl/@jrjojyb sjnm7 Ebcw t`jt t`h krhhm ci t`hrna`thcus phcplh ns t`jt t`h Jlona`ty Lcrm ns klhjr ci hbajanba j spjkh js @h ns klhjr ci phrtjnbnbatc jby mnrhktncb"

Nb `ns hxpljbjtncb ci [j`n` Ouslno @jinm` Jfu Wjejrnyyj Ou`ynm/Mnb ^j`yj Nfb [`jrji jb/Bjwjwnyy js`/[`jinRnyy(mnhm 919 J@. sjnm7YhrnlyJllj`, t`h Hxjlthm, mchs bct rhshoflh jby cit`h krhjtncbs jbm ns klhjr ci fcmnly kcbkhpts, ocvnba, ckkupynba jby mnrhktncb jbm ci jll t`hkrhjtncbs k`jrjkthrnstnks"

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs ciNsljonk Gurnsprumhbkh jkkcrmnba tc t`h@jofjlnyy [k`ccl

[`jye` Jful/Qjij RJlnyy Nfb RJqnl jl/Fja`mjmnyy (mnhm 8:; J@., t`h `hjm ci t`h @jofjlnyy[k`ccl jt t`h tnoh, wjs qucthm nb j fcce kjllhm Jl/Fjzul/Js``jf7 Jllj` ns klhjr ci `jvnba t`hjttrnfuth ci ckkupynba pljkhs, icr t`ns ns hxjktly t`h fljsp`hocus fhlnhi ci tjgsno (jttrnfutnbaJllj`wnt` fcmnly kcbkhpts."

Nb `ns fcce Oue`tjsjr jl/Nijmjt [`jye` Ou`joojm Nfb Fjmrnm/Mnb Nfb Fjlfjb (mnhm :40; J@., jMjojskjb @jofjlnyysk`cljr sjnm7Q`cschvhr fhlnhvhs cr sjys t`jt Jllj` hxnsts nb jll pljkhs crnb cbh pjrtnkuljr pljkh ns khrtjnbly j bcb/fhlnhvhr (ejinr." Nt ns cflnajtcry tc fhlnhvh t`jt Jllj`, t`hHxjlthm, mchs bct rhshoflh @ns krhjtncb, icrJllj`s Hxnsthbkh ns hthrbjl jbm t`h hxnsthbkh ci pljkhns bct"Jllj` krhjthm t`h pljkh, jbm @h stnll hxnsts js @h hthrbjlly mnm fhicrh pljkh wjs krhjthm"

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs ci t`h Jrjfnk Ljbaujah

Nb `ns fcce !Lnsjb jl/RJrjf! t`h Jirnkjb Hayptnjb sk`cljr jbm lnbaunst, Ou`joojm Nfb Ouejrrjoebcwb js Nfb Ojbm`ur(mnhm 1:: J@. sjnm7]`h ohjbnba ci t`h Zurf ci t`h sljvh tcJllj` rhihrstc t`h jkqunsntncb ci j `na`hr rjbe muh tc t`h sljvhs hbajahohbt nb phricronba accm mhhms jbmirhquhbtly ohbtncbnba mhsnabjthm stjthohbts ci prjnsh tc Jllj`" Xbmcufthmly, t`h Zurf ci t`hsljvh tc Jllj` mchs bct rhihr tc p`ysnkjl klcshbhss tc Jllj` bhnt`hr nb mnstjbkh bcr nb lckjtncb,snbkh p`ysnkjl klcshbhss ns jocba t`h k`jrjkthrnstnks ci cfghkts jbmJllj`ns vhrnly klhjr ci t`jt"

Nb `ns fcce Fjsjnr m`jwnt/]joynz]`h lnbaunstnk sk`cljrOjgmum/Mnb Ou`joojm Nfb ^jRquf jl/Ijyruz Jfjmn (mnhm 0:1 J@. sjnm7 ]`h Zurf ciJllj` tc @ns sljvh rhihrs tc t`h hbmcwohbts ciJllj` fhstcwhm upcb t`h pncus sljvh jbm mchs bct rhihr tc klcshbhss nb mnstjbkh&"

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs ciNsljonk @nstcry jbm Fncarjp`nhs ciOuslno[k`cljrs

Nb `ns fcce ]jfynbu ejm`nfnl/Ouitjrn, @jinm` Jful/Zjsno RJlnyy nfb jl/@usjyb nfb @nfjtnllj` ebcwbjs Nfb RJsjenr jm/Mnojs`qnyy(mnhm 81: J@. cb t`h sufghkt ci t`h Jttrnfuths ciJllj`, t`h Hxjlthm,sjnm7@h (Jllj`. ns hthrbjlly hxnsthbt jbm hthrbjlly pljkh mnm bct hxnst, @h krhjthm t`h RJrs` jbmEursnyywnt`cut t`h bhhm icr pljkh" @h stnll hxnsts, jithr pljkh wjs frcua`t nbtc hxnsthbkh, js @hwjs fhicrh krhjtnba t`h pljkh (n"h" wnt`cut j pljkh."


10/20


:

Nb `ns fcce !]jrneùl/Xojo wjl/Oulue!(]`h @nstcry ci Bjtncbs jbm t`hnr Enbas., Nojo, @jinm` jbmOugtj`nm Jfu GjRijr Ou`joojm Nfb Gjrnr jt/]jfjrnyy (mnhm ;:4 J@. sjnm cb t`h sufghkt ci t`hJttrnfuths ciJllj` sjnm7&Mhlusncbs kjbbct arjsp t`h Vhjlnty ciJllj`, pljkhs mc bct kcbtjnb @no,sna`ts mc bct jttjnb @no, rjt`hr @h ebcws jfcut t`ho jll" Yhrnly @h ns ]`h Cbh Q`csh Vhjlntykjbbct fh arjsphm fy mhlusncbs jbm Q`csh Ebcwlhmah hbkcopjsshs jll"

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h [k`cljrs w`c jut`crhm fcces cb t`h sufghkt ci vjrncusshkts

Nb k`jpthr :8 ci `ns fcce !Jt/]jfsnr inm/Mnb! (]`h Aunmh tc t`h Vhlnancb. icr t`h purpcsh cihluknmjtnba t`h krhhm ciJ`lussubbj` wjl/GjojRj`, t`h Ijqn` jbm whll/ebcwb sk`cljr ci]jw`nmJful/Oum`jiijr jl/Jsijrjynbnyy (mnhm =1: J@. sjnm7 ]`h sljvh oust ebcw t`jt jbyt`nba w`nk`mnktjths krhjtncbnso suk` js lnonts, hxtrhohs, pljkh, mnrhktncb, stnllbhss jbm ocvhohbt nsnopcssnflh tc jpply tcJllj`, t`h Cbh klhjr ci jll t`h krhjtncbs jttrnfuths"

Nb `ns fcce Bn`jyjt jl/Nqmjo, [`jye` Ou`joojm nfb RJfmnl/Ejrno js`/[`j`rjstjbnyy, j arhjt

[`jinRnyysk`cljr (mnhm 8=0 J@. sjnm7]`h krhhm ci t`h Thcplh ci ]rut` ns t`jt Jllj`, t`h Hxjlthm,mchs bct rhshoflh jby ci t`h krhjtncbs, jbm bcbh ci t`ho rhshoflhs @no nb jby scrt ci snonljrntycr hqunvjlhbkh" Yhrsh :: ci [urjt js`/[ùrj ohjbs7 U]`hrh ns jfscluthly bct`nba t`jtrhshoflhs Jllj`, jbm @h ns jttrnfuthm wnt` @hjrnba jbm [na`t_" @hbkhJllj` ns bct j kcbstntuhbtpjrt ci jb cfghkt, j ojss, j fcmnly k`jrjkthrnstnk, bcr ns @h lckjthm nb jby pljkh cr sufghkt tc tnoh&"

]`h [ubbnyy Krhhm jocba t`h ]ruh [uin sk`cljrs

Nb `ns fcce Jt/]jRrrui ln/Ojm``jf J`lnt/]jsjwwui(]`h Aunmjbkh tc t`h oht`cmclcay ci t`h truh

suins., [`jye` Jfu Fjer Ou`joojm nfb Ns`jq jl/Ejljfjm`nyy, j @jbjinyysk`cljr (mnhm ;04 J@.,sjnm7]`h suinsk`cljrs ubjbnocusly jarhh t`jtJllj` ns bct kcbtjnbhm fy pljkh bcr ns @h sufghkt tctnoh"

Nb `ns fcce !Jl/Fur`jb jl/Oujyyjm!(]`h [ufstjbtnjthm Trcci., t`h prconbhbt [`jye` jbm Nojo citruh suins, [`jye` Jòjm Jr/VnijRnyy js`/[`jinRnyy (mnhm 810 J@. sjnm7 Klhjr ycur fhlnhis irconbthrprhtnba t`h Jrjfnk thro Nstnwj, w`hb nb rhihrhbkh tcJllj`, js p`ysnkjl hstjflnsòhbt nb j wjysnonljr tc t`h nstnwj ci fcmnhs upcb ct`hr fcmnhs w`nk` mnktjths t`h jkt ci ckkupjtncb fhkjushJllj` ns klhjr ci t`jt" Jbm mc bct sjbktncb jttrnfutnba tc Jllj` j mnrhktncbjl jfcvh cr fhlcw, jlckjtncb, j p`ysnkjl `jbm cr jb hyh cr nbthrprhtnba t`h wcrm Buzuljs p`ysnkjlly mhskhbmnba crocvnba"

Icr ocrh t`jb = khbturnhs, Jl/RJqnmj` Jl/Ours`nmj`(jlsc ebcwb js ]`h Krhhm ciNfbRJsjenr. wjs vhrfjlly mhlnvhrhm fy t`h Oujm`nbs(ocsquhs kjllhrs icr prjyhrs. murnba t`h

]jsfn` phrncm (gust fhicrh Ijgr Trjyhr.

[`jye` Jfu Ojbsur RJfmur/Vjòjb nfb Ou`joojm Ije`rum/Mnb Nfb RJsjenr (mnhm 964J@. ushm tc thjk` Jl/RJqnmj` jl/Ours`nmj` nb t`h [jlj`nyyj` [k`ccl nb t`h knty ciGhrusjlho bhjrJl/Jqsj Ocsquh"

Nb `ns fcce Jl/OjwjRnm` wjl/NRtnfjr fnm`nernl/Eùtjt wjl/Jt`jr, [`jye` ]jqnyyum/Mnb jl/Ojqrnznyy(mnhm 0=8 J@. sjnm7Q`hb [ultjb [jljùm/Mnb ûsui nfb Jyyuf rulh fhajb, @h

crmhrhm t`h Oujm`nbs(ocsquhs kjllhrs icr prjyhrs. tc vhrfjlly mhlnvhr irco t`h onbjrhtst`h whll/ebcwb Krhhm Jl/RJqnmj` jl/Ours`nmj`jt bna`t prncr tc Ijgr (Mjwb. prjyhr" ]`ns


11/20


prjktnkh wjs kjrrnhm cb fy t`h Oujm`nbshvhry bna`t nb jll ci Haypts ocsquhs ubtnl t`nsvhry mjy"

Nb `ns fcce jl/Qjsjnl nlj ojRrnijtnl/Jwjnl, @jinm` Gjljlum/Mnb js/[uyutnyy js`/[`jinRnyy(mnhm >:: J@. sjnm7Q`hb [ultjb [jljùm/Mnb, t`h scb ciJyyuf rulh fhajb, @h crmhrhmt`h Oujm`nbs tc vhrfjlly mhlnvhr t`h Krhhm cijl/Js`Rjrnyyj` gust fhicrh Ijgrprjyhr" Jbm sc

t`h Oujm`nbskcbtnbuhm wnt` t`ns prjktnkh hvhry bna`t ubtnl t`ns vhry mjy" Nb `ns fcce Jl/Iutu`jt jr/Vjffjbnyyj` Rjljl/Jmèjr jb/Bjwjwnyyj`, [`jye` Ou`joojm

nfb RNlljb js/[nmmnqnyy js`/[`jinRnyy (mnhm :481 J@. sjnm7 Q`hb [ultjb [jljùm/Mnb t`hscb ciJyyufs rulh fhajb `h act t`h phcplh tc hofrjkh t`h krhhm ci Nojo jl/Js`Rjrnyyjbm ljthr crmhrhm t`h Oujm`nbs (ocsquhs kjllhrs icr prjyhrs. tc vhrfjlly mhlnvhr t`hJs`RjrnyyKrhhm ebcwb js jl/RJqnmj` jl/Ours`nmj`fhicrh Ijgr(Mjwb. prjyhr, jbm sc t`hOujm`nbssustjnbhm t`ns prjktnkh hvhry bna`t"

Nojo js/[ufenyy rhljyhm nb t`h fcce !]jfjqjt js`/[`jinRnyyj` jl/Eufrj! t`jt @jinm`[jljùm/Mnb jl/RJljnyy (mnhm 19: J@. sjnm7 Jbm t`h jut`cr ci t`ns krhhm ebcwb js jl/RJqnmj` jl/Ours`nmj` jm`hrhm tc t`h strjna`t pjt` jbm t`h kcrrhkt fhlnhi, jbm wjsjfscluthly kcrrhkt nb klhjrnbaJllj`, t`h Hxjlthm, ci t`jt w`nk` mchs bct fhint @no"

Nb `ns fcce OuRnmub/BnRjo wj Oufnmub/Bnqjo, Nojo ]jgum/Mnb js/[ufenyy (mnhm 11:J@. sjnm7]`h krhhm ci Nojojl/Js`Rjrnyyns w`jt ns kcoprnshm nb t`h krhhm ci Nojo JfuGjRijr jt/]j`jwnyy, Jful/Zjsno jl/Zus`jyrnyy, jbm t`h krhhm bjohm jl/RJqnmj` jl/Ours`nmj`5 t`hy jll s`jrh t`h sjoh fhlnhi prnbknplhs ciJ`lus/[ubbj` wjl/GjojRj`"

Nb `ns kcoplhohbtjry hluknmjtncb ci jl/RJqnmj` jl/Ours`nmj` tntlhm jl/Jbwjr jl/Oufnbj`lnojRjbn RJqmn jl/RJqnmj` jl/Ours`nmj`, Nojo Ou`joojm nfb ûsui js/[jbusnyy (mnhm0>8 J@. sjnm7]`h hbtnrh bjtncb `js ubjbnocusly jarhhm tc t`h jut`hbtnknty ci t`ns krhhm,jbm t`jt nt ns j aunmnba jbm j kcrrhkt cbh"

Nb `ns fcce ]jfjqjt js`/[`jinRnyyj` jl/Eufrj, Nojo ]jgum/Mnb js/[ufenyy(mnhm 11: [email protected] rhljynba t`h hbtnrh krhhm ciNfb RJsjenrsjnm7]`ns ns w`hrh t`h thxt ci t`h Krhhm hbmsjbm t`hrh ns bct`nba nb nt t`jt j truh [ubbnyywculm cfghkt tc"

Jl/RJqnmj` jl/Ours`nmj`

Ebcw, ojy Jllj` aunmh us jll, t`jt nt ns cflnajtcry upcb hvhry jkkcubtjflh phrscb tc ebcwnbalyfhlnhvh t`jt Jllj`s Mconbjbkh ns jfscluth ublneh t`h mconbjbkh ci ct`hrs" @h krhjthm t`h hbtnrhwcrlm, t`h upphr jbm lcwhr, t`h RJrs` jbm Eursnyy, t`h `hjvhbs jbm hjrt`, jbm w`jt ns nb jbm cbt`ho jbm nb fhtwhhb t`ho" Jll krhjtncb ns sufguajthm fy @ns Tcwhr" Bc sphke ocvhs hxkhpt fy@ns Qnll" @h `js bc pjrtbhr nb Krhjtnba bcr nb Mconbncb" @h ns Jlnvh jbm mchs bct bhhm jbyt`nba"@h ns bct shnzhm fy scobclhbkh cr slhhp"

@h ns t`h Cbh Q`c ebcws jfcut t`h ubicrhshhb jbm jll t`jt ns shhb fy @ns krhjtncb" Bct`nba cbhjrt` cr nb `hjvhb ns `nmmhb irco @no" @h ebcws w`jt ns cb ljbm jbm nb shj" Bct j lhji mchs ijllfut @h ebcws jfcut nt" ]`hrh ns bc arjnb nb t`h mjrebhss ci t`h hjrt` cr jbyt`nba w`nk` ns ocnst crmry fut ns nbskrnfhm nb t`h Aujrmhm ]jflht" @ns Ebcwlhmah hbkcopjsshs hvhryt`nba" @h ebcws t`hkcubt ci jll t`nbas"

@h mchs w`jthvhr @h wnlls" @h `js t`h pcwhr tc mc w`jthvhr @h wnlls"

@h ns jttrnfuthm wnt` jfscluth Mconbjbkh jbm Bcb/bhhmnbhss" @h ns ubmhihjthm jbm Hvhrljstnba"]c @no jrh t`h Vulnba jbm jl/Zjmj! (t`h Krhjtnba." @h `js t`h phrihkt Bjohs" Bc cbh `nbmhrs

w`jt @h mhkrhhm" Bc cbh kjb prhvhbt w`jt @h anvhs" @h mchs nb @ns mconbncb w`jthvhr @h wnlls"


12/20


6

@h rulhs @ns krhjtncb jkkcrmnba tc w`jt @h hthrbjlly wnllhm"@h bhnt`hr fhbhints ci t`h sljvhs cfhmnhbkh bcr @h ihjrs pubnsòhbt ci t`hnr mnscfhmnhbkh"

]`hrh ns bc rna`t cb @no t`jt ns fnbmnba, jbm bc cbh hxhrknshs rulh cvhr @no"

Hvhry hbmcwohbt irco @no ns muh tc @ns Ahbhrcsnty jbm hvhry pubnsòhbt irco @no ns gust" @h nsbct quhstncbhm jfcut w`jt @h mchs, `cwhvhr, t`h sljvhs jrh quhstncbhm jfcut w`jt t`hy mc"

@h ns hthrbjlly hxnsthbt fhicrh krhjtnba t`h krhjtncbs" @ns Hxnsthbkh ns bct prhkhmhm fy t`h stjth cibcb/hxnsthbkh jbm ns bct sufghkt tc jbbn`nljtncb" ]`h snx mnrhktncbs (n"h" jfcvh, fhlcw, rna`t, lhit, nbircbt ci jbm fh`nbm. mc bct kcbtjnb @no" @h ns bct j fcmy kcbsnsthm ci pjrtnklh bcr ns @h jkcbstntuhbt pjrt ci j fcmy"

Nt oust bct fh sjnm7 Q`hb wjs @h3 Cr w`hrh wjs @h3 Cr `cw ns @h3 @h ns hthrbjlly hxnsthbt jbmhthrbjlly pljkh mnm bct hxnst" @h krhjthm t`h ubnvhrsh jbm wnllhm icr t`h hxnsthbkh ci tnoh" @h ns bctfcubm tc tnoh jbm ns bct mhsnabjthm wnt` pljkh"

@ns ojbjahohbt ci cbh ojtthr mchs bct mnstrjkt @no irco jbct`hr" Mhlusncbs mc bct arjsp @nsVhjlnty, jbm @h ns bct hbkcopjsshm fy t`h onbm" @h ns bct kcbkhnvjflh nb t`h onbm" @h kjbbct fhnojanbhm nb t`h shli bcr hbkcopjsshm fy mhlusncbs" @h ns bct arjsphm wnt` mhlusncbs cr t`cua`ts"

Jyj` :: ci[urjt js`/[ùrj ohjbs7UBct`nba rhshoflhs @no nb jby wjy, jbm @h ns jttrnfuthm wnt`@hjrnba jbm [na`t_"

]`h rhbcwbhm sk`cljr [`jye` RJfmullj` jl/@jrjrnyy (Ojy Jllj` `jvh ohrky upcb `no.ebcwb js jl/@jfjs`nyy sjnm7

Trjnsh fh tcJllj`, t`h ojgcrnty ci Trcp`ht Ou`joojms bjtncb phjkh fh upcb `no kcoprnshs ciùbmrhms ci onllncbs ci Ouslnos" ]`hnr sk`cljrs, hjst jbm whst, fhlnhvh jbm thjk` t`jt Jllj` ]`hHxjlthm hxnsts wnt`cut lnonts cr lckjtncbs jpplynba tc @no"

Jpcstjsy

Jpcstjsy ns t`h nbmnvnmujl rhghktncb cr rhbubknjtncb ciNsljo hnt`hr fy j fljsp`hocus jkt, j

fljsp`hocus sjynba, cr j fljsp`hocus fhlnhi"

[k`cljrs ci t`h icur sk`ccls (ojm``jfs. jarhhm t`jt jpcstjsy kjb fh kljssninhm nbtc t`rhh

kjthacrnhs7 fhlnhis nb t`h `hjrt, jktncbs kcoontthm fy khrtjnb pjrts ci t`h fcmy, jbm sjynbas ci t`h

tcbauh"

Hxjoplhs ci t`hsh sk`cljrs jrh7

Jb/Bjwjwnyy(mnhm 919 J@., irco t`h [`jinRyysk`ccl

Nfb RJfnmnb (mnhm :686 J@., irco t`h @jbjinyysk`ccl

Ou`joojm RNlljys` (mnhm :6>> J@., irco t`h Ojlnenyysk`ccl, jbm

Jl/Fuùtnyy(mnhm :48: J@., irco t`h @jofjlnyysk`ccl"


13/20


;

Hjk` kjthacry ci fljsp`hoy cb nts cwb frnbas jfcut jpcstjsy" @hbkh, nt ns bct bhkhssjry icr j

fljsp`hocus sjynba tc fh kcofnbhm wnt` hnt`hr j fljsp`hocus fhlnhi cr j fljsp`hocus jktncb tc

fh gumahm js fljsp`hoy"

J fljsp`hocus jkt rhbmhrs jb nbmnvnmujl j fljsp`hohr hvhb ni suk` jb jkt wjs bhnt`hr jsscknjthm

wnt` fljsp`hocus stjthohbt bcr j fljsp`hocus fhlnhi, jbm rhajrmlhss ci w`ht`hr arjtninkjtncbwjs prhshbt cr bct"

J fljsp`hocus fhlnhi ns j fljsp`hocus hvhb ni bct jsscknjthm wnt` j fljsp`hocus sjynba cr j

fljsp`hocus jkt" Kcoonttnba fljsp`hoy hnt`hr nabcrjbtly, gcenbaly, cr jbarnly mchs bct hxhopt

cbh irco fhnba j fljsp`hohr"

Jyj`s 98/99 nb [urjt/ut/]jwfj` ohjb7

UNi ycu quhstncb t`csh w`c `jvh fljsp`hohm, t`hy wnll sjy7 Qh whrh cbly fjfflnba jbm

enmmnba" [jy tc t`ho7 Mc ycu ojeh ockehry ciJllj`, @ns Yhrshs jbm @ns Ohsshbahr3

Ojeh bc hxkush, ycu `jvh fljsp`hohm jithr `jvnba mnspljyhm fhnba Ouslno"_

Trcp`ht Ou`joojm, sjlljllj`u Rjljy`n wj sjlljo, sjnm7

J phrscb ojy utthr j fljsp`hocus wcrm t`jt `h t`nbes `jrolhss, w`nk` rhsults nb `ns mhskhbmnba

t`h mhpt` ci 14 yhjrs nbtc @hllinrh"

]`h mhpt` ci 14 yhjrs rhprhshbts t`h fjsh ci @hllinrh, w`nk` ns t`h pljkh tc w`hrh cbly

fljsp`hohrs wnll hvhr mhskhbm" ]`ns @jmnt` wjs rhljthm fy jt/]nronm`nyy, w`c kljssninhm nt js j

@jsjb @jmnt`" J @jmnt` rhljthm fy jl/Fue`jrnyyjbm Ouslno `js j snonljr ohjbnba"


14/20


=

[coh sjynbas ci t`h sk`cljrs jfcut jpcstjsy

Nojo Jt/]jfjrnyy

Nb `ns fcce ]j`m`nful/Jt`jr, t`h Ougtj`nmNojo Jt/]jfjrnyy(mnhm ;:4 J@. sjnm7

]`hrh jrh khrtjnb Ouslnos w`c wnll hxnt Nsljownt`cut t`h nbthbtncb ci hvhr mcnba sc"

@jinm` Jfu RJwjbj`

Nb `ns fcce Ijt`ul/Fjrn, @jinm` Nfb @jgjrrhljthm t`jt t`h arjbm @jinm` Jfu RJwjbj` (mnhm ;:9 J@.

sjnm7

]`hrh jrh Ouslnos w`c hxnt Nsljo wnt`cut hnt`hr t`h nbthbtncb ci hvhr mcnbas sc cr k`ccsnbajbct`hr rhlnancb cvhrNsljo

[`jye` RJfmullj` Nfb ]j`nr

Nb `ns fcce [ulljout/]jwinq, [`jye` RJfmullj` Nfb ]j`nr (mnhm :616 J@. sjnm7

Nt ns cflnajtcry upcb jll Ouslnos tc prhshrvh t`hnr ijnt` nb Nsljo jbm tc prcthkt nt irco jpcstjsy

(rnmmj`., w`nk` nbvjlnmjths jbm jfclns`hs nt, ojyJllj`, tjRjlj prcthkt us irco t`ns"

Nb t`ns jah nt `js fhkcoh kcoocb icr scoh Ouslnos tc sphje sc kjrhlhssly t`jt t`hy ojy utthr

wcrms, wnt`cut t`nbenba t`ho tc fh snbiul hvhb t`cua` t`hy jrh fljsp`hocus, t`jt wnll tjeh t`hocut ciNsljo"

Nojo Jfmullj` Jl/@jrjrnyy

Nb `ns fcce Jl/Oue`tjsjr, [`jye` RJfmullj` Jl/@jrjrnyy(mnhm :=6> J@. sjnm7

]`ns ns jsshrthm fy t`h sjynba ci t`h Trcp`ht, sjlljllj`u Rjljy`n wj sjlljo7 J phrscb ojy utthr j

fljsp`hocus wcrm `h t`nbes `jrolhss, w`nk` rhsults nb `ns mhskhbmnba tc t`h mhpt` ci 14 yhjrs

nbtc @hllinrh"

]`ns @jmnt` wjs rhljthm fy jt/]nronm`nyy, w`c kljssninhm nt js j @jsjb @jmnt`" J @jmnt` rhljthm fy

jl/Fue`jrnyyjbm Ouslno`js j snonljr ohjbnba" ]`ns @jmnt` bjrrjthm fy jt/]nronm`nyyns hvnmhbkh

t`jt nt ns bct bhkhssjry icr j phrscb w`c kcoonts fljsp`hoy tc `jvh ebcwb jfcut t`h sk`cljrly

cpnbncb" Bcr ns nt bhkhssjry tc `jvh tjehb plhjsurh nb sjynba sc cr fhlnhvhm t`h ohjbnba ci t`h

fljsp`hocus wcrms"


15/20


8

Js/[jyynm Jm/Mnoyjtnyy

Nb `ns fcce, NRjbjtut/]jlnfnb,Js/[jyynm Jl/Fjernyy Jm/Mnoyjtnyy(mnhm :;:4 J@. sjnm7

^cu s`culm ebcw t`jt ojby fljsp`hocus stjthohbts rhst cb t`h tcbauhs ci ljy Ouslnos wnt`cut

t`ho ebcwnba t`jt suk` stjthohbts jrh fljsp`hocus" @hbkh, nt ns t`h cflnajtncb ciNsljonk

sk`cljrs tc hxpljnb t`h rulhs ci jpcstjsy tc t`ho, nb t`h `cph t`jt t`hy kjb jvcnm nt" Ct`hrwnsh ljy

phcplh ona`t kcoont fljsp`hoy jbm kcbshquhbtly t`hy lcsh t`h rhwjrms icr t`hnr accm mhhms"

Ocrhcvhr, ni t`hy mnh js fljsp`hohrs t`hy wnll suiihr t`h arhjthst tcrturh jbm ocst shvhrh

pubns`ohbt nb @hllinrh icrhvhr" Ebcwnba jfcut t`h rulhs ci jpcstjsy ns vhry nopcrtjbt, snbkh j

phrscb w`c mchs bct ebcw hvnl ns ocrh lnehly tc, ubebcwnbaly, ijll nbtc nt" Hvhry jkt ci hvnl sthos

irco nabcrjbkh" Hvhry jkt ci accmbhss sthos irco rhlnancus ebcwlhmah, w`nk` ns t`h hvnmhbt lna`t,w`nlh nabcrjbkh ns t`h wcrst kcopjbncb"

@jinm` Jz/Wjfnmnyy

Nb `ns fcce Nt`jius/[jmjtnl/Outtjqnb, t`h arhjt Ijqn` Ou`joojm Ourtjmj Jz/Wjfnmnyy(mnhm :648

J@. sjnm7

]`h sk`cljrs irco t`h icur sk`ccls (ojm``jfs. jut`crhm jrtnklhs jfcut jpcstjsy jbm mnskusshm

jt lhbat` t`h rulnbas t`jt rhljth tc nt"

[jynbas ci scoh sk`cljrs jfcut jpcstjsy

Nb `ns fcceJl/Ijt`ur/Vjffjbnyy, [`jye` RJfmul/A`jbnyy Jb/Bjfulusnyy(mnhm ::=; J@. sjnm7

Fljsp`hoy kjb fh kljssninhm nbtc t`rhh kjthacrnhs7

]js`fn` (n"h" lnehbnbaJllj` tc @ns krhjtncb.

]jRtnl (n"h" jt`hnso., jbm

]jem`nf (n"h" bhajtnba t`h Nsljonk hmnkts.

]js`fn` ns t`h fhlnhi t`jtJllj` rhshoflhs jby ci @ns krhjtncb, cr t`jtJllj` snts cb t`h RJrs`

(t`rcbh., cr t`jt @h `js j p`ysnkjl icro cr mnohbsncbs, cr t`jt @h ns phrkhnvhm nb t`h onbm, cr t`jt

@h ns lckjthm nb t`h `hjvhbs cr nb cbh ci t`h snx kjrmnbjl mnrhktncbs, cr t`jt `h rhsnmhs nb cbh cr jll

pljkhs, cr t`jt @h inlls t`h `hjvhbs jbm Hjrt`, cr t`jt @h mwhlls nb cbh cr jll t`nbas, cr t`jt @h ns

ubnthm wnt` cbh cr jll t`nbas, cr t`jt cbh cr ojby t`nbas mhrnvh irco @no"

Jll ci t`ns ns fljsp`hoy jbm ojyJllj`prcthkt us irco nt"


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9

[jynbas ci scoh @jbjinyy sk`cljrs jfcut Jpcstjsy

Nb `ns fcce Vjmmul/Ou`tjr, t`h arhjt @jbjinyysk`cljrNojo nfb RJfnmnb (mnhm :686 J@. sjnm7

&]`h jpcstjth ns scohcbh w`c `js rhghkthm Nsljo" Jpcstjsy kjb `jpphb fy cbh sjynba j

fljsp`hocus stjthohbt jithr fhnba j fhlnhvhr" Nb t`ns kjsh, t`h rulhr wculm gumah suk` j phrscb tc

fh j fljsp`hohr"&

Nb ct`hr knrkuostjbkhs, jpcstjsy ojy tjeh pljkh wnt`cut utthrjbkh, suk` js ni cbh `js j

fljsp`hocus fhlnhi cr nbthbms tc fljsp`hoh nb t`h iuturh"

Nb `ns Vnsjlj`, t`h @jbjinyysk`cljrFjmrur/Vjs`nm(mnhm 190 J@. sjnm7

Cbh ns kljssninhm js j fljsp`hohr icr utthrnba j fljsp`hocus sjynba hvhb w`hb t`ns phrscb stnll`js ijnt` nb `ns `hjrt" Nb t`ns kjsh, t`h ijnt` mchs bct sjvh cbh irco ijllnba nbtc fljsp`hoy jbm,

kcbshquhbtly, cbh ns mhhohm fyJllj`jbm gumahm fy us tc fh j fljsp`hohr"

Nb `ns fcce t`h hxpljbjtncb ciJl/Inq`ul/Jefjr, t`h arhjt @jbjinyysk`cljrOullj RJlnyy Jl/Zjrn

(mnhm :4:= J@. sjnm7

^cu s`culm ebcw t`jt ni cbh utthrs j fljsp`hocus wcrm, w`nlh ebcwnba nts ohjbnba hvhb wnt`cut

fhlnhvnba nb nt, cbh kcoonts fljsp`hoy" ]`ns gumahohbt jpplnhs tc t`h cbh w`c sjys nt vclubtjrnly,

bct ubmhr t`h t`rhjt ci fhnba enllhm

NbJl/Ijtjwjl/@nbmnyyj , j ijocus @jbjinyyfcce w`nk` wjs jut`crhm fy ojby rhbcwbhm

@jbjinyysk`cljrs, t`h icllcwnba ns stjthm7

Q`chvhr jttrnfuths j pljkh tcJllj`, fljsp`hohs"

[nonljrly, nb Ijtjwj Zjmn/E`jb, t`h icllcwnba ns stjthm7

Ni j ojb wjs jsehm7 Mcbt ycu ihjrJllj`3 jbm nb jbahr `ns mhlnfhrjth jbswhr wjs7 Bc, t`hb `h

fljsp`hohm"

[jynba ci scoh Ojlnenyy sk`cljrs jfcut jpcstjsy

Nb `ns fcceJs`/[`nij, t`h arhjt Ojlnenyy sk`cljr Zjmn Rlyjm(mnhm 8== J@. sjnm7

Q`chvhr kurshs t`h Trcp`ht, cr rnmnkulhs `no, cr fhlnttlhs `no, `ns lnbhjah, `ns prjktnkhs ci t`h

Vhlnancb, cr jby ci `ns trjnts, kcoonts fljsp`hoy"

Ou`joojm nfb [j`bub sjnm7


17/20


1

]`h sk`cljrly kcbshbsus sjths t`jt jbycbh w`c kurshs cr fhlnttlhs t`h Trcp`ht ns j fljsp`hohr"

@h ns t`rhjthbhm wnt` t`h tcrturh ciJllj`" Ocrhcvhr, w`chvhr mcufts t`ns fljsp`hoy cr tcrturh,

fljsp`hohs js whll"

Nb `ns fcce Onbjùl/Gjlnl, [`jye` Ou`joojm RNlljys` jl/Ojlnenyy(mnhm :6>> J@. sjnm7

Nt ns klhjr fljsp`hoy icr cbh tc sjy7 N mcbt fhlnhvh nbJllj`, cr t`h Ohsshbahr ciJllj`, cr t`h

Zurjb, cr tc sjy t`jt Acm ns twc cr t`rhh, cr tc sjy t`jt Ghsus crRXzjyrns t`h scb ci Acm, cr tc

rhbcubkh w`jt jll Ouslnos ebcw tc fh pjrt ci t`h Vhlnancb, js t`ns hbtjnls kcbtrjmnktnba t`h Zurjb

jbm t`h Ohsshbahr, cr tc fhlnhvh t`jtJllj` ns j fcmy cr ckkupnhs j pljkh, cr tc phricro j

fljsp`hocus jkt suk` js t`rcwnba t`h Zurjbnb t`h ajrfjah"

[jynba ci scoh [`jinRnyy sk`cljrs jfcut jpcstjsy

Nb `ns fcceJl/Xoo, Nojo Js`/[`jinRnyy(mnhm 64= J@. sjnm7

Q`hb j ojrrnhm ojb cr wcojb kcoonts jpcstjsy, t`h ojrrnjah kcbtrjkt ns bct mnssclvhm ni t`h

cbh w`c kcoontthm jpcstjsy rhturbhm tc Nsljo wnt`nb t`h pcst/ojrntjl wjntnba phrncm (Rnmmj`."

Ni t`h pcst/ojrntjl wjntnba phrncm (Rnmmj`. ci t`h wnih hxpnrhs fhicrh t`h jpcstjth (ùsfjbm cr wnih.

rhphbts fy rhturbnba tc Nsljo, t`hb t`h ojrrnjah wnll fh mnssclvhm (wnt`cut mnvcrkh. jbm

kcbshquhbtly t`h wnih wnll bc lcbahr fh fcubm fy nt"

Nb `ns fcceJt/tjfjqjt, ]jgum/Mnb js/[ufenyy(mnhm 11: J@. sjnm7

Nojo Jl/Js`Rjrnyy, `ns stumhbts, jbm jll Ouslnos jarhh t`jt j fljsp`hohr (ejinr. ns t`h cbh w`c

sjys j fljsp`hocus wcrm cr kcoonts j fljsp`hocus jkt" @h ns bct j fhlnhvhr nbJllj`, jbm s`jll

rhojnb nb @hllinrh icrhvhr ni `h mnhs wnt`cut rhphbtjbkh, hvhb ni `h ebhw t`h trut` nb `ns `hjrt"

Nb `ns fcce Onb`jgut/]jlnfnb, Nojo Jb/Bjwjwnyy(mnhm 919 J@. sjnm7

Jpcstjsy ns t`h nbmnvnmujl rhghktncb cr rhbubknjtncb ciNsljo hnt`hr fy j fljsp`hocus jkt, sjynba

cr fhlnhi, w`ht`hr cr bct t`h fljsp`hoy wjs utthrhm cut ci ockehry cr stuffcrbbhss jbm w`ht`hr

cr bct cbh fhlnhvhm nb nt"

Nb `ns fcceJr/Vjwmj`, nt ns stjthm7

Js`/[`jinRnyysjnm7 ]`h phrscb w`c kcoonts jpcstjsy bhhms tc noohmnjthly rhturb tc Nsljo fy

utthrnba t`h ]hstninkjtncb ci Ijnt` (twc [`j`jmj`s."

]`h rulnba, jsshrthm fy t`h sk`cljrs, ns t`jt utthrnba t`h ]hstninkjtncb ci Ijnt` ns hsshbtnjl icr t`h

jpcstjth nb crmhr tc rhturb tc Nsljo"

Nb `ns fcce Jl/Enijyj` lnm`jwnl RNbjyj` [`jeye` RJfmul/Fjsnt RJlnyy Jl/Ijèurnyy(:6=4@/:;6;@.,

t`h Ouitnci Fhnrut sjnm7


18/20


0

Js j rhsult ci jpcstjsy, t`h ojrrnjah kcbtrjkt ns nbvjlnmjthm ni hnt`hr t`h `usfjbm cr t`h wnih

kcoontthm jpcstjsy fhicrh t`h ojrrnjah wjs kcbsuoojthm" @cwhvhr ni t`h ojrrnjah wjs

kcbsuoojthm, t`h ojrrnjah kcbtrjkt wnll bct fh frhjk`hm ni t`h cbh w`c kcoontthm jpcstjsy

rhturbhm tc Nsljo wnt`nb t`h pcst/ojrntjl wjntnba phrncm (RNmmj`." Ni t`h pcst ojrntjl wjntnba phrncm

(Rnmmj`. ci t`h wnih hxpnrhs fhicrh t`h jpcstjth (`usfjbm cr wnih. rhphbts fy rhturbnba tc Nsljo,

s`h ns shpjrjthm irco `no"

Nt ns ubljwiul tc hjt irco w`jt t`h jpcstjth sljua`thrs, t`h ojrrnjah kcbtrjkt ci t`h jpcstjth ns bct

vjlnm, t`h jpcstjth mchs bct nb`hrnt5 `ns whjlt` ns bct nb`hrnthm, `h ns bct prjyhm icr, wjs`hm, cr

furnhm nb Nsljonkkhohthrnhs, jbm t`h rhwjrm `h `jm hjrbhm irco accm mhhms wnll fh bhajthm" Ni `h

mnhm nb t`h stjth ci jpcstjsy, `h wnll mwhll nb @hll icrhvhr" @cwhvhr, ni `h rhphbts fy utthrnba t`h

twc ]hstninkjtncbs ci Ijnt` ([`j`jmj`s. fhicrh mhjt`, `ns rhphbtjbkh wnll fh jkkhpthm"

Nb `ns fcce Enijyjtul/Je`yjr [`jye` tjqyyum/mnb jl/@usbnyy(cbh ci t`h bnbt`/khbtury sk`cljrs.

sjnm7

Jpcstjsy ns t`h rhghktncb cr rhbubknjtncb ciNsljo" Nt kjb tjeh hiihkt fy j fljsp`hocus sjynba, j

fljsp`hocus jkt, cr j fljsp`hocus fhlnhi" ]`hrh jrh ojby hxjoplhs wnt`nb hjk` kjthacry ci

jpcstjsy"

&Hxjoplhs ci fljsp`hocus sjynbas jrh7 tc kursh cr ocke jby ci t`h prcp`hts, jbm tc jmmrhss j

Ouslnofy sjynba C` ejinr(fljsp`hohr. wnt`cut j vjlnm rhjscb" Nb suk` j kjsh, t`h jkkushr

`noshli fhkcohs j fljsp`hohr icr kcbsnmhrnba Nsljo js fljsp`hoy"

Hxjoplhs ci fljsp`hocus jktncbs nbklumh7Trcstrjtnba fhicrh jb nmcl suk` js t`h sub cr t`h occb,

tc nbthbtncbjlly t`rcw t`h Fcce ci t`h Zurjb nb t`h ajrfjah, jbm tc phricro scrkhry jbm wntk`krjitw`nk` nbvclvhs wcrs`nppnba ct`hr t`jbJllj` suk` js t`h sub"

Hxjoplhs ci t`h jpcstjth fhlnhis, w`nk` jrh vhry buohrcus, nbklumh7 tc fhlnhvh t`jt t`h ubnvhrsh cr

jbyt`nba ct`hr t`jbJllj` hxnsts wnt`cut j fhanbbnba, tc rhbcubkh w`jt ns kcbinrohm fy kcbshbsus

tc fh jocba t`h jttrnfuths ciJllj`, tc jttrnfuth tcJllj` w`jt ns ebcwb fy NgojR tc fh bcb/fhinttnba

tc @no, suk` js kclcurs cr jby ct`hr fcmnly jttrnfuth, tc mhho ljwiul (`jljl. w`jt ns kcoocbly

ebcwb jocba Ouslnos tc fh ubljwiul (`jrjo., jbm tc rhbcubkh t`h cflnajtncb ci ojtthrs

kcoocbly ebcwb jocba Ouslnos tc fh cflnajtcry"&

Jb/Bjwjwnyyjsshrthm nb jl/Ou`jm`m`jf t`jt7 Jbycbh w`c jttrnfuths j fcmy tcJllj` ns jfljsp`hohr"

Jl/@usbnyysjnm7 t`ns ns t`h trut` irco w`nk` cbh s`culm bct swhrvh, fhkjush t`h cbh w`c

jttrnfuths j fcmy tcJllj` ns khrtjnbly kcbtrjmnktnba t`h hxplnknt vhrshs ci t`h Zurjb"

[jynbas ci scoh @jofjlnyy sk`cljrs jfcut jpcstjsy

Nb `ns fcceJl/OuqbnR, t`h @jofjlnyysk`cljrNfb Zumjoj` Jl/Ojqmnsnyy(mnhm 964 J@. sjnm7


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>

]`h jpcstjth ns t`h cbh w`c fljsp`hohs jithr fhnba j Ouslno" J fljsp`hohr ns scohcbh w`c

jsscknjths pjrtbhrs wnt`Jllj`, cr rhbcubkhs @ns Lcrms`np, Cbhbhss, cr jby ci @ns Jttrnfuths, cr

jttrnfuths tcJllj` j wnih cr j scb cr rhbcubkhs t`h ohssjah ci jby ci t`h prcp`hts ciJllj`, cr

rhbcubkhs jby ci t`h @hjvhbly Fcces cr jby pjrt ci t`ho, cr kurshsJllj` cr @ns Ohsshbahr"

Nt ns jlsc fljsp`hocus tc rhbcubkh t`h cflnajtncb ci ojtthrs kcoocbly ebcwb jocba Ouslnos tcfh cflnajtcry, suk` js t`h invh mjnly prjyhrs, cr tc mhho js ljwiul znbj (jmulthry#icrbnkjtncb., cr t`h

kcbsuoptncb ci jlkc`cl, cr jby ci w`jt ns kcoocbly ebcwb jocba t`h Ouslnos tc fh ubljwiul

(`jrjo."

Nb `ns fcce t`h Hxpljbjtncb ciOubtj`jl/Nrjmjt, t`h @jofjlnyysk`cljrJl/Fu`utnyy(mnhm :48: J@.

sjnm7

]`h jpcstjth ns t`h cbh w`c hxnts Nsljo" Jpcstjsy ns t`h nbmnvnmujl rhghktncb cr rhbubknjtncb ci

Nsljo hnt`hr j fljsp`hocus jkt, fljsp`hocus sjynba, cr j fljsp`hocus fhlnhi w`ht`hr cr bct t`h

fljsp`hoy utthrhm wjs cut ci ockehry, stuffcrbbhss jbm w`ht`hr cr bct cbh fhlnhvhm nb nt"

Ocrhcvhr, nb `ns fcce Ejs`s`jiul/ZnbjR, `h sjnm7

]`h rhphbtjbkh ci t`h jpcstjth ns jk`nhvhm cbly w`hb `h rhturbs tc Nsljo fy utthrnba t`h

]hstninkjtncb ci Ijnt` (twc [`j`jmj`s."

Nb `ns fcce Oue`tjsjrul/Nijmjt, t`h arhjt Mjojskhbh @jofjlnyysk`cljrNojo Ou`joojm Nfb

Fjlfjb (mnhm :40; J@. sjnm7

]`h jpcstjth ns t`h cbh w`c vclubtjrnly kcoonts fljsp`hoy jithr fhnba Ouslno, hvhb ni t`ns ns

mcbh ockenbaly cr gcenbaly"

Nb `ns fcce GjonRul/RXluon Qjl/@nejo, t`h arhjt @jofjlnyysk`cljrNojo Nfb Vjgjf (mnhm 1>8

J@. sjnm nb thros ci hxpljbjtncb ci t`h :9t`@jmnt`7

Cbh ns jkkcubtjflh icr kcoonttnba fljsp`hoy, enllnba ubgustly cr tjenba t`h ocbhy ci ct`hrs

ubgustly hvhb ni cbh wjs hxtrhohly jbary" ]`ns ns j kjsh ci sk`cljrly kcbshbsus (NgojR. t`jt bct

hvhb twc Ouslnoswculm mnsjarhh cb"

Fhbhinknjl Vulhs

]`h Ojlnenyy Zjmn RNyjm, t`h [`jinRnyy Nfb @jgjr Jl/@jytjonyy, jbm j buofhr ci@jbjinyysk`cljrs

sjnm7

Ni cbh sjys j fljsp`hocus stjthohbt, phricros j fljsp`hocus jkt cr fhlnhvhs j fljsp`hocus

fhlnhi w`nlh ubjwjrh t`jt cbh `js kcoontthm fljsp`hoy, cbh ns bct hxkushm" Vjt`hr cbh ns stnll

gumahm js j fljsp`hohr"

Nb `ns fcceJs`/[`nij Jl/Zjmn RNyjmrhljthm t`jt @jfnf fnb VjfnR, cbh ci t`h arhjt Ojlnenyysk`cljrs, sjnm7


20/20


6:

Q`chvhr sjys jb hxplnknt fljsp`hocus wcrm (n"h" j wcrm t`jt cbly kjrrnhs cbh snbalh ohjbnba

w`nk` ns fljsp`hocus. ns bct hxkushm"

Nb t`h fcce Bn`jyjtul/Ou`tjg Nojo RJfmul/Ojlne Jl/Guwjybnyysjnm7

Jll t`h sk`cljrs jarhhm ubjbnocusly t`jt w`chvhr utthrs jb hxplnknt fljsp`hocus wcrm kcoontsfljsp`hoy hvhb ni cbh kljnos tc `jvh ohjbt scoht`nba hlsh"

@cwhvhr, ni t`h stjthohbt ns bct hxplnknt (n"h" ni nt `js shvhrjl ohjbnbas, scoh ci w`nk` jrh

fljsp`hocus jbm scoh jrh bct. t`h cbh w`c sjys nt wnll bct fh gumahm j fljsp`hohr, ublhss nt ns

ebcwb t`jt cbh ci t`h fljsp`hocus ohjbnbas wjs nbthbmhm"

Vhphbtjbkh ci t`h Jpcstjth

Nt ns cflnajtcry upcb t`h jpcstjth (ourtjmm. tc rhturb tc Nsljo noohmnjthly fy utthrnba t`h

]hstninkjtncb ci Ijnt` (t`h twc [`j`jmj`s. jbm jfjbmcb w`jthvhr kjushm jpcstjsy (rnmmj`."

Nb `ns fcceJl/NgojRt`h arhjt Nojo Nfb jl/Oubm`nr(mnhm ;:0 J@. rhljyhm t`h sk`cljrly kcbshbsus

t`jt cbly fy utthrnba t`h twc [`j`jmj`s cbh rhturbs fjke tc Nsljo, bct fy sjynba jstja`inrullj` (N

jseJllj` icr icranvhbhss."

Q`hbhvhr j phrscb kcbvhrts tc Nsljo, `h oust utthr t`h ]hstninkjtncb ci Ijnt` (t`h twc [`j`jmj`s.

wnt` t`h kcrrhkt prcbubknjtncb ci hjk` wcrm kcbtjnbhm t`hrhnb"

Jmvnkh

J ljrah buofhr ciijqn`s, (J ijqn` ns cbh w`c ns `na`ly ebcwlhmahjflh nb t`h Vhlnancb. suk` js t`h

@jbjinyy ijqn` Fjmrur/Vjs`nm(mnhm 190 J@., t`h Ojlnenyy ijqn` Zjmn RNyjm(mnhm 8== J@., jbm t`h

[`jinRnyy ijqn` ^usui Jl/Jrmjfnlnyy(mnhm 1>> J@., ojyJllj`tjRjlj `jvh ohrky upcb t`ho,

ohbtncbhm nb t`hnr fcces ojby hxjoplhs ci t`h fljsp`hocus wcrms t`jt cbh bhhms tc ebcw,

fhkjush w`chvhr mchs bct ebcw hvnl ns ocrh lnehly tc ijll nbtc nt"

the glimmerings gems (volume 2) [english]

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