the global food system. driver of planetary havoc, vital for human flourishing
TRANSCRIPT
The Global Food System Driver of Planetary Havoc
Vital for human flourishing
JOSE LUIS VIVERO POL Course on Advanced Studies “Europe 2050: Trends & Challenges”Institute for European Global Studies, University of Basel (05-04-16)
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An Alien´s snapshot of humanity
How are we living on planet
Earth?
OUR HOME
Anthropocene (Crutzen, 2010)Capitalocene (Moore, 2014)
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•Humans are part of Earth’s diversity
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Planetary BoundariesSteffen et al., 2015
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Why & How do we call them poor?
The world is POOR
9The world is UNEQUAL
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Net wealth 60,400 Euro to be 10% richest
Net wealth 667,000 Euro to be 1% richest
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• Food-wise, how is the global food system doing?
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Hunger in Africa
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Hunger in Latin America
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Hunger in Spain
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HUNGER DAMAGES THE BRAIN
Malnourished child brain
Well nourished child brain
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STU
NTI
NG
dur
ing
first
th
ree
year
s is
IR
REVE
RSIB
LE
Well-nourished child neurone
Malnourished Child Neurone
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HUNGER GAMES: PLAYING WITH NUMBERS
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795 MILLION HUNGRY PEOPLE
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According to “The State fo Food Insecurity in 2015” (FAO-WFP-IFAD, 2015), hunger affects 795 million people now, 216 millon less that in 1990 (from 23.3% a 12.9%)
Out of those, 155 millon correspond to China (72%)
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Africa is doing badly
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Although Food pikes reduced caloric intake in poor households…
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…no effect was detected by FAO statistics
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A tale of two hungers
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17 M households
7 M households
Food price effect
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HUNGER IN UK
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EU Food Charity
Non universal
Non accountable
Non demandable
No right holders and duty bearers
Money-restricted
3.8 Billion € in 7 years
US opposes to the Right to Food
EU has a vague, non-complying attitude
Vivero & Schuftan (in press)
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Two value-based food-producing
subsystems
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The INDUSTRIAL FOOD
SUB-SYSTEM
Foto: Patty´s Flickr Creative Commons
The food sector is the 2nd biggest: A BIG CAKE (10% GDP & 7 trillion USD in 2015)
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160 million chronically malnourished
19 million severely wasted children
HUNGER is largest contributor (35%) to child mortality
1.4 BILLION OVERWEIGHT(300 MILLION OBESE)
2.3 BILLION MALNOURISHED PEOPLE – WE EAT BADLY
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Humans keep eating more and more
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Food System Paradoxes FOOD PRODUCERS STAY HUNGRY70% are food producers FOOD KILLS PEOPLE 6.5 M deaths per year FOOD IS (INCREASINGLY) NOT FOR HUMANS FOOD IS WASTED
Foto: Fringe Hoj Flickr Creative Commons
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1.3 billion tonnes (to feed 600 million hungry people)
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Global Food Trade: not so relevant for humans
essential to corporate control
• Food crossing borders: 23% (15% 20 yrs ago)
• 13 food products make 80% of total trade• Big Corporations control 80% of food exports
(D’Odorico et al., 2014)
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IndustrialFood
Systemproduces
30-40% of total food
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Small farming Systems produce 60-70% of total food
THE PEASANTS’ FOOD WEB
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Small farms occupy less than 25% of world's farmland today
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Agro-ecologyClimate Cooling
Socially resilient
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Food system is the greatest driver of Earth transformation
• Food systems accounts for 48% of land use• 70% of water use • 33% of total GHG emissions • 40% relies on agriculture for their livelihood • Phosphorus & Nitrogen exceeded Planetary
Boundaries
(Ivanova et al., 2015, Clapp, 2012)
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The actual way of producing & eating
(western diets & industrial food system)
is unsustainableIt cannot be maintained
for the next 50 years IAASTD (2008)
UNEP (2009)
UNCTAD (2013)UK Foresight (2011)
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The way we produce and eat food will greatly determine the likelihood of human presence on this planet