THE GOES-R SERIES ADVANCED BASELINE IMAGER (ABI)

UW-Madison

Timothy J. Schmit

NOAA/NESDIS/ORA Advanced Satellite Products Team (ASPT)

James J Gurka

NOAA/NESDIS/OSD

Mathew M. Gunshor, Jun Li, etc.

Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS)

Madison, WI

GOES-R Users ConferenceMay 2004

Limitations of Current GOES Imagers– Missing spectral bands– Low spatial resolution– Regional/Hemispheric scan conflicts– Eclipse and related outages

The ABI (Advanced Baseline Imager) is the next generation operational geostationary imager. The GOES-R/ABI era will begin in 2012.

The Advanced Baseline Imager:

ABI Current

Spectral Coverage 16 bands 5 bands

Spatial resolution 0.64 m Visible 0.5 km Approx. 1 kmOther Visible/nearIR 1.0 km n/aBands (>2 m) 2 km Approx. 4 km

Spatial coverageFull disk 4 per hour Every 3 hoursCONUS 12 per hour ~4 per hour

Visible On-orbit calibration Yes NoLow-light imaging Yes No

ABI spatial coverage rate versus the current GOES Imager

ABI coverage in ~5 minutes Current GOES coverage in 5 minutes

There are two anticipated scan modes for the ABI:1) full disk images every 15 minutes + CONUS images every 5 minutes +

mesoscale. 2) Full disk every 5 minutes.

Visible and near-IR channels on the ABI

The current GOES has only one visible band.Haze

Cloud

sV

eg.

Cirrus

Part.

size

Snow

, Pha

se

AVIRIS spectra

Rad

ianc

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While there are differences, there are also many similarities for the spectral bands on MET-8 and the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). Both the MET-8 and ABI have many more bands than the current operational imagers.

Weighting Functions for the IR channels on the ABI

Weighting functions for the standard atmosphere at a local zenith angle of 40 degrees.

Future GOES Imager (ABI) Band

Wavelength Range (μm)

Central Wavelength

(μm) Sample Objective(s)

1 0.45-0.49 0.47 Daytime aerosol-over-land, Color imagery 2 0.59-0.69 0.64 Daytime clouds fog, insolation, winds 3 0.84-0.88 0.86 Daytime vegetation & aerosol-over-water, winds 4 1.365-1.395 1.38 Daytime cirrus cloud 5 1.58-1.64 1.61 Daytime cloud water, snow 6 2.235 - 2.285 2.26 Day land/cloud properties, particle size, vegetation 7 3.80-4.00 3.90 Sfc. & cloud/fog at night, fire 8 5.77-6.6 6.19 High-level atmospheric water vapor, winds, rainfall 9 6.75-7.15 6.95 Mid-level atmospheric water vapor, winds, rainfall

10 7.24-7.44 7.34 Lower-level water vapor, winds & SO2 11 8.3-8.7 8.5 Total water for stability, cloud phase, dust, SO2 12 9.42-9.8 9.61 Total ozone, turbulence, winds 13 10.1-10.6 10.35 Surface properties, low-level moisture & cloud 14 10.8-11.6 11.2 Total water for SST, clouds, rainfall 15 11.8-12.8 12.3 Total water & ash, SST 16 13.0-13.6 13.3 Air temp & cloud heights and amounts

Current GOES Imagers

ABI Bands

Based on experience from:

Future GOES Imager (ABI) Band

Wavelength Range (μm)

Central Wavelength

(μm) Sample Objective(s)

1 0.45-0.49 0.47 Daytime aerosol-over-land, Color imagery 2 0.59-0.69 0.64 Daytime clouds fog, insolation, winds 3 0.84-0.88 0.86 Daytime vegetation & aerosol-over-water, winds 4 1.365-1.395 1.38 Daytime cirrus cloud 5 1.58-1.64 1.61 Daytime cloud water, snow 6 2.235 - 2.285 2.26 Day land/cloud properties, particle size, vegetation 7 3.80-4.00 3.90 Sfc. & cloud/fog at night, fire 8 5.77-6.6 6.19 High-level atmospheric water vapor, winds, rainfall 9 6.75-7.15 6.95 Mid-level atmospheric water vapor, winds, rainfall

10 7.24-7.44 7.34 Lower-level water vapor, winds & SO2 11 8.3-8.7 8.5 Total water for stability, cloud phase, dust, SO2 12 9.42-9.8 9.61 Total ozone, turbulence, winds 13 10.1-10.6 10.35 Surface properties, low-level moisture & cloud 14 10.8-11.6 11.2 Total water for SST, clouds, rainfall 15 11.8-12.8 12.3 Total water & ash, SST 16 13.0-13.6 13.3 Air temp & cloud heights and amounts

Current GOES ImagersMSG/AVHRR/Sounder(s)

ABI Bands

Based on experience from:

Future GOES Imager (ABI) Band

Wavelength Range (μm)

Central Wavelength

(μm) Sample Objective(s)

1 0.45-0.49 0.47 Daytime aerosol-over-land, Color imagery 2 0.59-0.69 0.64 Daytime clouds fog, insolation, winds 3 0.84-0.88 0.86 Daytime vegetation & aerosol-over-water, winds 4 1.365-1.395 1.38 Daytime cirrus cloud 5 1.58-1.64 1.61 Daytime cloud water, snow 6 2.235 - 2.285 2.26 Day land/cloud properties, particle size, vegetation 7 3.80-4.00 3.90 Sfc. & cloud/fog at night, fire 8 5.77-6.6 6.19 High-level atmospheric water vapor, winds, rainfall 9 6.75-7.15 6.95 Mid-level atmospheric water vapor, winds, rainfall

10 7.24-7.44 7.34 Lower-level water vapor, winds & SO2 11 8.3-8.7 8.5 Total water for stability, cloud phase, dust, SO2 12 9.42-9.8 9.61 Total ozone, turbulence, winds 13 10.1-10.6 10.35 Surface properties, low-level moisture & cloud 14 10.8-11.6 11.2 Total water for SST, clouds, rainfall 15 11.8-12.8 12.3 Total water & ash, SST 16 13.0-13.6 13.3 Air temp & cloud heights and amounts

Current GOES ImagersMODIS, Aircraft, etc

ABI Bands

MSG/AVHRR/Sounder(s)

Based on experience from:

Select Productsclouds/fog solar insolationaerosol products hurricane intensitycloud phase, cloud particle size snow, ice

volcanic ash/ SO2

land/sea surface temperatureatmospheric motionfirescloud height/emissivityhaze/dustNDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)severe weather signaturesturbulenceozoneradiances, cloud maskrainfall

Products that are highlighted are included in this talk

Linden_haze_0.47 µm (ABI spectral band from AVIRIS data)

Smoke

Three-color composite (0.64, 1.6 and 11 µm) shows the low cloud over the snow and the water versus ice clouds.

Low cloud

Snow

The ABI visible and near-IR bands have many uses.

Visible and near-IR channels on the ABI

Simulated ABI (11-12 μm)

One day after the Mt. Cleveland eruption20 February 2001, 0845 UTC

Volcanic Ash Plume: 11-12 and 8.5-11 μm images

UW/CIMSS

Simulated ABI (8.5-11 μm)

Poster…Ellrod

Slightly shift, toward larger wavenumbers, the two narrow ABI water vapor bands to better discriminate the SO2 peak.

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2 ca

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atio

ns f

rom

F. P

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Upper-level SOUpper-level SO22 poster… poster…Schreiner et al. Schreiner et al.

Simulated GOES-R ABIImage Difference

Plume

Simulated IR spectrums for “normal” and “SO2 enriched” atmosphere and spectral response functions

Difference and GOES-R ABI SRF

TOMS

Carn

GOES-8 Wildfire ABBA fire product for the Pacific Northwest

Date: August 17, 2001Time: 2200 UTC

NAAPS Model Aerosol Analysisfor the continental U.S.Date: August 18, 2001

Time: 1200 UTC

GOES-R ABI will improve fire detection and characterization useful for air quality monitoring and forecasting

FIRES

Smoke

Poster…Schmidt et al. and S. Kondragunta et al.

ABI “Natural Color” Image (from MODIS)

Hurricane Isabel on September 18, 2003 from MODIS

This represents a “best case” for generating an “natural color” Red-Green-Blue” composite image, given the MODIS 550 nm data from this image was used to build the Look Up Table (LUT) to simulate the “green” component from the other spectral bands. The HES-Coastal Water will have a 550 nm band.

Poster…Schmidt; Miller

GOES-12 Imager -- Cloud Top Pressure

13.3 m allows for better cloud-top information estimates

Simulated ABI

Mountain Waves in WV channel (6.7 µm) 7 April 2000, 1815 UTC

Actual GOES-8

Mountain waves over Colorado and New Mexico were induced by strong northwesterly flow associated with a pair of upper-tropospheric jet streaks moving

across the elevated terrain of the southern and central Rocky Mountains. The mountain waves appear more well-defined over Colorado; in fact, several aircraft

reported moderate to severe turbulence over that region.

UW/CIMSSBoth images are shown in GOES projection.

5 March 2001 - Nocturnal Fog/Stratus Over the Northern Plains

ABI image (from MODIS) shows greater detail in structure of fog.

Fog UW/CIMSS

GOES-10 4 minus 11 μm DifferenceABI 4 minus 11 μm Difference

Both images are shown in the GOES projection.

Fog -- Based on GOES Imager 3.9 µm

Simulated ABI (from MODIS)

Actual GOES

Enhanced “V”: IR windowsMay 25, 2000

Enhanced “V”

concentric anvil-layer waves

Higher Spatial Resolution GOES Channels

http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/000525.html

Satellite-derived precipitation estimates will be improved for GOES-R:- higher spatial resolution (better depiction of cold cores)- more frequent images (offers cell growth information)- improved cloud height (with multiple bands and HES)- new ABI bands (phase information, better cloud detection)- better NEdT’s- better navigation/registration

Satellite-derived rainfall estimates

Poster…Kuligowski

Radiances and Cloud Mask

This includes both the navigated, calibrated pixels, as well as a clear-sky mask.

For example, MODIS uses 17 of the 36 MODIS bands to identify the presence of clouds.

For the ABI: Potentially all bands would be used, depending on the location and time of day.

Plus, both clear and cloudy radiances can be used for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) – along with a host of products (winds, cloud-top information, snow cover, etc.)

Poster…Frey et al.

Combined GOES-8 & -10 ImagerLong Wave Band (11.0 m)

Combined GOES-8 & -10 ImagerWater Vapor Band (6.7 m)

Clear-Sky Brightness Temperature (CSBT Image)

Sample:

Current routine GOES and ABI temporal sampling

Regional View

This simulated GOES-R ABI loop was created by morphing between two actual

GOES images. "Morphing" describes a broad category of digital image algorithms used to create smooth, seamless transitions between two or more images.

ABI

Poster…Wimmers

MET-8

- The advanced multi-spectral geostationary operational imager, Met-8, can be used to prepare for the ABI.

Improved products will be realized from combinations of ABI and HES (Hyperspectral Environmental Suite) data

(IR and Visible/near IR on the HES-Coastal Water)!

ABI

HES

Surface emissivity

Spectral coverage

Spectral resolution

Temporalresolution

Spatialresolution

Cloudclearing

Much improved spatial coverage with the HES Sounder

Current GOES Sounder coverage in one hour

CIMSS

GOES-R HES Sounder coverage in one hour

Cloud Top Pressure

GOES R Observational Requirements*Preliminary Instrument Allocation

* Does not reflect individual geographic coverage requirements.

ABI – Advanced Baseline Imager

HES – Hyperspectral Environmental Suite

SEM – Space Environment Monitor

SXI – Solar X-Ray Imager

GLM – GOES Lightning Mapper

Absorbed Shortwave Radiation

Aerosol Detection

Aerosol Particle Size

Aircraft Icing Threat

Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile

Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile

Capping Inversion Information

Clear Sky Masks

Cloud & Moisture Imagery

Cloud Ice Water Path

Cloud Imagery

Cloud Layers / Heights and Thickness

Cloud Liquid Water

Cloud Optical Depth

Cloud Particle Size Distribution

Cloud Top Height

Cloud Top Phase

Cloud Top Pressure

Cloud Top Temperature

Cloud Type

CO Concentration

Convection Initiation

Currents

Derived Motion Winds

Derived Stability Indices

Downward Longwave Radiation

Downward Solar Insolation

Dust/Aerosol

Energetic Heavy Ions

Enhanced "V"/Overshooting Top Detection

Fire / Hot Spot Imagery

Flood/Standing Water

Geomagnetic Field

Hurricane Intensity

Ice Cover/ Landlocked

Imagery: All-Wx/Day-Nite

Land Surface (Skin) Temperature

Lightning Detection

Low Cloud and Fog

Mag Electrons & Protons: Low Energy

Mag Electrons & Protons: Med & High Energy

Microburst Winds

Moisture Flux

Ocean Color

Ocean Currents

Ocean Optical Properties

Ocean Turbidity

Ozone Layers

Ozone Total

Pressure Profile

Probability of Rainfall

Radiances

Prepared By: L.O’Connor 04/23/2004

Rainfall Potential

Rainfall Rate/QPE

Reflected Solar Insolation

Sea & Lake Ice/Age

Sea & Lake Ice/Concentration

Sea & Lake Ice/ Displacement and Direction

Sea & Lake Ice/Extent and Characterization

Sea Surface Temps

Snow Cover

Snow Depth

SO2 Concentration

Solar and Galactic Protons

Solar Flux: EUV

Solar Flux: X-Ray

Solar Imagery

Surface Albedo

Surface Emissivity

Suspended Matter

Total Precipitable Water

Total Water Content

Turbulence

Upward Longwave Radiation

Vegetation Fraction: Green

Vegetation Index

Visibility

Volcanic Ash

Using MODIS, MET-8 and AIRS to simulate the spectral bands on the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)

“0.64m” “0.86m” “1.38m”

“1.61m” “2.26m” “3.9m” “6.19m”

“6.95m” “7.34m”

“0.47m”

“8.5m” “9.61m”

“10.35m” “11.2m” “12.3m” “13.3m”

Similar bands on the GOES-12 Imager

“0.64m” “0.86m” “1.38m”

“1.61m” “2.26m” “3.9m” “6.19m”

“6.95m” “7.34m”

“0.47m”

“8.5m” “9.61m”

“10.35m” “11.2m” “12.3m” “13.3m”

ABI addresses Imager concerns by: • increasing spatial resolution - closer to NWS goal of 0.5 km IR• scanning faster - temporal sampling improved - more regions scanned• adding bands - new and/or improved products enabled

Simulations (from MODIS, AIRS, NAST-I, MSG and AVIRIS) show that the ABI addresses needs for cloud, moisture, air quality and surface products.

Every product from the current GOES imager will be improved!Every band on the ABI will be used for a number of products.

ABI will allow exciting new products from geostationary orbit, especially when combined with data from the HES.

Summary -- ABI

ABI Research Home page (with a link to all these links):• http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/abi/

ABI Simulated images from NASA AIRS Direct Broadcast: • http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/abi/airs_broadcast/aniairs.html

GOES and MODIS Galleries:• http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/interesting_images.html• http://terra.ssec.wisc.edu/~gumley/images.html

ABI Documentation from NASA: • http://goes2.gsfc.nasa.gov/abihome.htm

ABI Simulated Spectral Response functions:• ftp://ftp.ssec.wisc.edu/ABI/SRF

More information -- ABI

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