the grammar of graphics, for isko uk

135
with Conrad Taylor ISKO UK seminar on ‘The Shape of Knowledge’ at the London College of Communication, 4 September 2012 1

Upload: conrad-taylor

Post on 29-Oct-2014

16 views

Category:

Education


1 download

DESCRIPTION

Final version of the slide set for my talk at the September 2012 meeting of the UK Chapter of the International Society for Knowledge Organization: ‘The Shape of Knowledge’. These slides are slightly different for the ones shown on the day, and have a re-recorded narrative.

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

with Conrad Taylor

ISKO UK seminar on ‘The Shape of Knowledge’ at the London College of Communication, 4 September 2012

1

Page 2: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Conrad Taylor

www.conradiator.com

conradtaylorbcs.googlemail.com

2

Page 3: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

3

Page 4: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

4

Page 5: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

5

Page 6: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

6

Page 7: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

the set ofshends

things thatare lipe

the set ofthings thatare umpty

Memories of the New Maths, Scotland,1960s…

‘All lipe shends are umpty’

Draw aVenn Diagramin which theabove statementis true

7

Page 8: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

the shapeof knowledge

8

Page 9: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Images via Wikipedia Commons: Wegmann (bushbaby), Nobu Tamura (Dienonychus, FireFly5 (Cuttlefish), Mpinedag (‘Lucy’)

9

Page 10: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

10

Page 11: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Graphic Representations

of Data and Knowledge

a form of information

11

Page 12: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Teaching about heart disease12

Page 13: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

13

Page 14: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Storyboarding Web interaction

14

Page 15: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

15

Page 16: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

16

Page 17: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

ACTION-REFLECT:

Based on Participatory Rural Assessment…

‘Lines in the Dust’ with found-object markers…

a Freireian approach to promoting literacy with empowerment.

17

Page 18: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5xzpuydxjA

18

Page 19: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

graphic representationsand visualisations:

a flying history

19

Page 20: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

SubstanceSupreme genus:

material immaterial

BodySubordinate genera:

animate inanimate

LivingSubordinate genera:

sensitive insensitive

AnimalProximate genera:

rational irrational

Human

Spirit

Mineral

Plant

BeastSpecies:

Socrates Plato Aristotle etcIndividuals:

Porphyry: diagramming ontology

20

Page 21: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Ibn al-Nafis

Pictures ‘doctored’ to assist with teaching, to assist memory

21

Page 22: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Ibn al-Nafis

Agricola De Re Metallica 155622

Page 23: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

23

Page 24: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Drawings, but with:

– artificial points of view

– simplification

– labelling of parts

– measurements

– sequence of operations

24

Page 25: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

25

Page 26: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Note —a ‘vocabulary’ of line types and line weights

shading and highlighting (here exploiting tints and solids of two ink colours)

26

Page 27: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Ebstorfer ‘Mappa Mundi’

a flat earth, a surrounding ocean, centred on Jerusalem

27

Page 28: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Ebstorfer ‘Mappa Mundi’

28

Page 29: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Ebstorfer ‘Mappa Mundi’

29

Page 30: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Tabula Rogeriana, drawn 1154 by Mohammad Al-Idrissi, for King Roger II of Sicily

30

Page 31: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Tabula Rogeriana, drawn 1154 by Mohammad Al-Idrissi, for King Roger II of Sicily

31

Page 32: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Astrolabe, an interactive diagram of the heavens

32

Page 33: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Ortelius’ Atlas of 157033

Page 34: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

34

Page 35: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Joseph Priestley — 1760 — ‘Timelines’ of biography, engraved & printed

time as a line…35

Page 36: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

William Playfair invented the line chart, bar chart, pie chart

36

Page 37: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Charles Joseph Minard, 1869: celebrated multivariable schematic map / timeline diagram about Napoleon’s advance on and retreat from Moscow in the winter of 1812–1813

37

Page 38: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

38

Page 39: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Charles Joseph Minard: ‘From where in France does Paris get its supplies of different kinds & quantities of meat?’

39

Page 40: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Charles Joseph Minard: ‘From where in France does Paris get its supplies of different kinds & quantities of meat?’

– colour identifies which Départements are involved in the trade

– those involved have a ‘meat pie chart’ associated

– colour divided the pies by proportion of types of meat

– size of pies reflects quantity

40

Page 41: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Charles Dupin, 1826: First ever choropleth map, highlighting regions with problems of illiteracy

41

Page 42: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Dr John Snow:

Dot-map of fatalities from cholera in the 1854 outbreak in Soho.

Clustering suggested a link to the Broad St water-pump

Investigation of outliers & anomalies confirmed the link.

Beginnings of science of epidemiology!

42

Page 43: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Detail of John Snow’s dot map: colour added

43

Page 44: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

44

Page 45: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Florence Nightingale’s ‘Coxcomb’ charts: causes of mortality among British soldiers in the Crimean War

45

Page 46: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Areas are proportionate to death by cause of:

RED: wounds

BLUE-GREY: ‘Preventable or Mitigable Zymotic diseases’

BLACK: all other causes

46

Page 47: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

The ISOTYPE approach to educational quantitative graphics: Otto and Marie Neurath

47

Page 48: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

ISOTYPE multiples of standardised graphics, largely designed by Gerd Arntz

48

Page 49: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

ISOTYPE multiples of standardised graphics, largely designed by Gerd Arntz

Skuravy, c. 1932, cutting out linocut-printed symbols for paste-up assembly into chart artwork

49

Page 50: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Køpenhavn network diagram for the ‘S-Tog’ urban rail service

50

Page 51: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

51

Page 52: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

The ‘Linked and Open Data Graph’ — which just keeps getting more complicated…52

Page 53: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

The ‘Linked and Open Data Graph’ — which just keeps getting more complicated…53

Page 54: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Where is the theory about what makes

graphic representations of knowledge and data

WORK?

54

Page 55: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

literature review

(& personalities)

55

Page 56: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Edward Tufte

‘The Visual Display of

Quantitative

Information’1998

Clive Richards‘Diagrammatics’

1998

Michael Twyman‘Schema for Study ofGraphic Languages’

1979

B Tversky‘Cognitive Origins of Graphic Conventiions’

1995

Gene Zelazny‘Say it with Charts’1985

Jan V White

‘Charts and Graphs’1980

Jacques Bertin‘La Semiologie

Graphique’1967

Doig Simmonds, Ed‘Charts and Graphs’1980

56

Page 57: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Edward Tufte

‘The Visual Display of

Quantitative

Information’1998

Clive Richards‘Diagrammatics’

1998

Michael Twyman‘Schema for Study ofGraphic Languages’

1979

L Wilkinson‘The Grammar of

Graphics’1999

B Tversky‘Cognitive Origins of Graphic Conventiions’

1995

Card, Mackinlay, Schneidermann (Eds)

‘Information Visualization’

1999

Robert Horn‘Visual Language’

1998

Gene Zelazny‘Say it with Charts’1985

Jan V White

‘Charts and Graphs’1980

Jacques Bertin‘La Semiologie

Graphique’1967

Doig Simmonds, Ed‘Charts and Graphs’1980

57

Page 58: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

58

Page 59: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

59

Page 60: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Edward Tufte

‘The Visual Display of

Quantitative

Information’1998

Clive Richards‘Diagrammatics’

1998

Michael Twyman‘Schema for Study ofGraphic Languages’

1979

L Wilkinson‘The Grammar of

Graphics’1999

Yuri Engelhardt‘The Language of Graphics’

2002

B Tversky‘Cognitive Origins of Graphic Conventiions’

1995

Colin Ware‘Information Visualization’

2000

Card, Mackinlay, Schneidermann (Eds)

‘Information Visualization’

1999

Robert Horn‘Visual Language’

1998

Gene Zelazny‘Say it with Charts’1985

Doig Simmonds, Ed‘Charts and Graphs’1980

Jan V White

‘Charts and Graphs’1980

Jacques Bertin‘La Semiologie

Graphique’1967

David McCandless ‘Information Is

Beautiful’200?

Alan MacEachren‘How Maps Work’

2000

60

Page 61: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Yuri Engelhardt

The Language of Graphicsa framework for the analysis

of syntax and meaningin maps, charts and diagrams

University of AmsterdamInstitute for Logic, Language and

Computation

61

Page 62: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

definitions,analyses

62

Page 63: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Graphic representation:

a visible artifacton a more or less flat surfacethat was created in orderto express information

Yuri Engelhardt

63

Page 64: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Graphic representation:

a visible artifacton a more or less flat surfacethat was created in orderto express information

Yuri Engelhardt

64

Page 65: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Compositionality of meaning

Part of what a sentence means depends upon its separate words, and part depends on how those words are arranged

Marvin Minsky

65

Page 66: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Compositionality of meaning

Part of what a sentence means depends upon its separate words, and part depends on how those words are arranged

Marvin Minsky

‘Frege’s Principle’ after the mathematician, logician & philosopher Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege

66

Page 67: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Compositionality of meaning

A grammar is the set of rules for combining symbols, whether the symbols are words or pictures.

W K Horton (1994) The Icon Book: Visual Symbols for computer systems and documentation

67

Page 68: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Composite graphic objects: three samples

– a map with information overlay

– a graph of quantitative data

– a network diagram

68

Page 69: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

69

Page 70: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

1 2 3 4Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

June 2012

0

5

10

15

20 a.m. — 34p.m. — 32

a.m. — 42p.m. — 40

a.m. — 36p.m. — 34

Daily blood glucose measurementsSubject: Conrad Taylormillimoles per litre measured by portable monitor

Early morning measurements

Early evening measurements

Onset of new targets forinsulin injection

a.m. — xp.m. — y

70

Page 71: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

PCT proposal to remove the Walk-in Centre service at Tollgate Lodge Healthcare Centre – an issues mapprepared by Conrad Taylor to assist discussion

Where do out-of-hours andlocum GP services �t in?

What bene�ts/demerits ofGP/nurse teleconsultations?

What are bene�ts/demeritsof NHS Direct?

How to expand North HackneyGP services?

What access do out-of-hoursand locum GP services have

to the patient medical record?

To be seen withoutan appointment

For a second opinion Wound dressings

Quicker appointments

Evening appointments

Weekend appointments

Small casualties andminor emergenciesin the community

Frontline services forHealth Protection e.g.response vaccination

Paediatric ‘worry’ casesat short notice

To be seen in theevenings or at

weekends

Do WiC usage records clearlyidentify where patients are

registered with a GP?

Which of these user-types can be satis�ed by expanding local GP services?Which of these can be replaced adequately by expanding local GP services?

How can the other usages be met, while not overloading Homerton Hospitalor causing discomfort, travel problems and distress to patients?

Which types would su�er disproportionately if walk-in service withdrawn?

What alternative forms of provision can ensure the vulnerable are looked after?

Are WiC usage records coded,such that reasons for use canbe extracted and analysed?

By what strategy, methodsand incentives will the PCT

GUARANTEE the expansionof North Hackney GP servicesto satisfy registered patients

seeking consultations at shortnotice, evenings or weekends?

What is the PCT strategy formeeting those health needs

of Walk-in Centre users whichCANNOT adequately be met

by expanding North HackneyGP services?

(and how will the unmet need inother-PCT GP services be met?)

Unregistered patients Visitors from afar

Elsewhere in the UK

Rest of the world

EU, other countries withreciprocal arrangements

Those whocould easily

register

Homeless,transient,

hard-to-reach

Registered locally

At Tollgate Lodge

City & Hackney surgeries

Other PCT surgeries

BREAKDOWN OF WALK-IN CENTRE USERS BY ORIGINBREAKDOWN OF TYPES OF USAGE OF WALK-IN SERVICES (incomplete)

ALTERNATIVE MINOR ACUTE CARE SOLUTIONS IN THE COMMUNITY?

Adequate alternative provision (see yellow boxes below)must be in place BEFORE WiC services are withdrawn;even then, some WiC provision may still be justi�ed.

It is probable that a GP-ledwalk-in local service at thepoint of community need isstill the best way to meetcertain kinds of minor butacute health needs.

71

Page 72: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

a composite graphic object

a graphic space graphic objects graphic relations

consists of

72

Page 73: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

a composite graphic object

a graphic space graphic objects

object-to-object relations

object-to-space relations

graphic relations

consists of

73

Page 74: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

a composite graphic object

a graphic space graphic objects

object-to-object relations

object-to-space relations

graphic relations

consists of

Relations are achieved (represented) visually using ‘gestalt principles’ and techniques such as proximity, similarity, common region (enclosure), connectedness, good continuation (alignment), assumed closure

74

Page 75: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

75

Page 76: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

1 2 3 4Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

June 2012

0

5

10

15

20 a.m. — 34p.m. — 32

a.m. — 42p.m. — 40

a.m. — 36p.m. — 34

Daily blood glucose measurementsSubject: Conrad Taylormillimoles per litre measured by portable monitor

Early morning measurements

Early evening measurements

Onset of new targets forinsulin injection

a.m. — xp.m. — y

76

Page 77: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

PCT proposal to remove the Walk-in Centre service at Tollgate Lodge Healthcare Centre – an issues mapprepared by Conrad Taylor to assist discussion

Where do out-of-hours andlocum GP services �t in?

What bene�ts/demerits ofGP/nurse teleconsultations?

What are bene�ts/demeritsof NHS Direct?

How to expand North HackneyGP services?

What access do out-of-hoursand locum GP services have

to the patient medical record?

To be seen withoutan appointment

For a second opinion Wound dressings

Quicker appointments

Evening appointments

Weekend appointments

Small casualties andminor emergenciesin the community

Frontline services forHealth Protection e.g.response vaccination

Paediatric ‘worry’ casesat short notice

To be seen in theevenings or at

weekends

Do WiC usage records clearlyidentify where patients are

registered with a GP?

Which of these user-types can be satis�ed by expanding local GP services?Which of these can be replaced adequately by expanding local GP services?

How can the other usages be met, while not overloading Homerton Hospitalor causing discomfort, travel problems and distress to patients?

Which types would su�er disproportionately if walk-in service withdrawn?

What alternative forms of provision can ensure the vulnerable are looked after?

Are WiC usage records coded,such that reasons for use canbe extracted and analysed?

By what strategy, methodsand incentives will the PCT

GUARANTEE the expansionof North Hackney GP servicesto satisfy registered patients

seeking consultations at shortnotice, evenings or weekends?

What is the PCT strategy formeeting those health needs

of Walk-in Centre users whichCANNOT adequately be met

by expanding North HackneyGP services?

(and how will the unmet need inother-PCT GP services be met?)

Unregistered patients Visitors from afar

Elsewhere in the UK

Rest of the world

EU, other countries withreciprocal arrangements

Those whocould easily

register

Homeless,transient,

hard-to-reach

Registered locally

At Tollgate Lodge

City & Hackney surgeries

Other PCT surgeries

BREAKDOWN OF WALK-IN CENTRE USERS BY ORIGINBREAKDOWN OF TYPES OF USAGE OF WALK-IN SERVICES (incomplete)

ALTERNATIVE MINOR ACUTE CARE SOLUTIONS IN THE COMMUNITY?

Adequate alternative provision (see yellow boxes below)must be in place BEFORE WiC services are withdrawn;even then, some WiC provision may still be justi�ed.

It is probable that a GP-ledwalk-in local service at thepoint of community need isstill the best way to meetcertain kinds of minor butacute health needs.

77

Page 78: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

‘Symbology’the search for the visual morpheme,the ‘primitive graphic object’

78

Page 79: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

‘Symbology’the search for the visual morpheme,the ‘primitive graphic object’

79

Page 80: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

‘Symbology’the search for the visual morpheme,the ‘primitive graphic object’

80

Page 81: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

81

Page 82: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

82

Page 83: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

83

Page 84: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

signification-carrying

variables

84

Page 85: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

English edition Translated by William J Berg Univrsity of Wisconsin Press

1983

Jacques BertinLa Semiologie Graphique1967

85

Page 86: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

2PD: the two dimensions of the graphic planeSi: sizeV: ‘value’ – tint, tone?T: ‘grain’ or ‘texture’C: colourOr: orientationSh: shape

Jacques Bertin’s retinal variables

86

Page 87: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Bertin’s positionalvariable

87

Page 88: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

‘Colour’ and‘Value’…a distinction that isbehind the times?

88

Page 89: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

‘Value’ in the world of print is made of tints (dot patterns &c) of the ink colour.

This cartoon wasshaded with tinted adhesive ‘Letratone’films.

89

Page 90: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

24-bit RGB= 16,777,216 colours

Colour and valuereplaced by Hue andBrightness and Saturation…

90

Page 91: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Linda Reynolds study for UK Air Traffic Control: Beyond the green vectorscope — how to make use of display colour?

91

Page 92: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Contiguous zones:can use very small changes in colour

Backgrounds: desaturatedcolour is best

92

Page 93: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Colour for identification of foreground objects: few, well-differentiated colours

93

Page 94: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

With computed transparency, we can overlay corridors on the map without hiding borders underneath

94

Page 95: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

It may be possible with today’sgraphic systems to modulatetransparency in real time

95

Page 96: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Optional display features can be called up or dismissedas the need requires

96

Page 97: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Linda Reynolds : Colour Displays and how to make the most of themhttp://www.ingenia.org.uk/ingenia/ articles.aspx?Index=106

97

Page 98: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

‘Texture’ and‘Orientation’…‘Texture’ may be a mis-translation of Bertin’s ‘grain’

Orientation: more significant as symbols

(e.g. for wind direction) than as shadings

98

Page 99: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Hachure: texture to indicate land relief

99

Page 100: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Hachure: texture to indicate land relief

100

Page 101: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Texture used incolour map printing

using ‘special’ colours (not CMYK process)

101

Page 102: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Colour and texture combineto give a range of relief heightsand depths

102

Page 103: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

In print, you canuse whatever colours you can mix!

…in this example, Black plus a special Green defined as Pantone 363103

Page 104: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Some reprographic systemswill represent Bertin’s Value and Colourusing overlaid dot-tints or ‘screens’from component ink systemssuch as CMYK

Displaying solid colours, not tints, preserves the ability to render fine details104

Page 105: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Coarse textures useful for coarse print techniques!

105

Page 106: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Adobe Illustrator let me create a meaningful symbolic texture andfill areas with it…

106

Page 107: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

‘Size’…

107

Page 108: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Size as a signifier:

not without its problems

do we compare area or height?

how to relate a large height-significant component to a small location?

108

Page 109: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Size as a signifier:

not without its problems

do we compare area or height?

how to relate a large height-significant component to a small location?

‘Countable variants’:

ISOTYPE-style array can also have problems of ‘fitting’

Might the ‘spread-out’ version be confused for a proper dot-map?

109

Page 110: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Shapes are poor signifiers of value, but work well as distinguishable symbols

Simmonds, et al. warn against symbols that are hard to distinguish innormal reading conditions

110

Page 111: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

What is Texture and what is Symbol?111

Page 112: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

The stuff that connects things!

Particularly important for qualifying linkages in network diagrams:

Mind maps Organisation charts File plans Hierarchical taxonomies Ontologies Debate / argument maps Entity–Relationship Diagrams State diagrams … and more…

112

Page 113: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

‘Retinal variables’ for lines?

Line thickness and colour

Shape, direction of line

‘Terminals’

Duplication

Various dot patterns

113

Page 114: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

LINE ITEM PURCHASE ORDER PARTY

CASE*Method data model, using Ellis-Barker notation

114

Page 115: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

LINE ITEM

Line numberQuantityActual price

#●

PURCHASE ORDER

PO NumberOrder date

#●

PARTY

Party IDName

#●

CASE*Method data model, using Ellis-Barker notation

115

Page 116: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

LINE ITEM

Line numberQuantityActual price

#●

PURCHASE ORDER

PO NumberOrder date

#●

PARTY

Party IDName

#●

PERSONSurnameQuali�cation

COMPANYRegistration●

CASE*Method data model, using Ellis-Barker notation

116

Page 117: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

LINE ITEM

Line numberQuantityActual price

#●

PURCHASE ORDER

PO NumberOrder date

#●

PARTY

Party IDName

#●

PERSONSurnameQuali�cation

COMPANYRegistration●

part of

composed of vendor in

issued to

CASE*Method data model, using Ellis-Barker notation

117

Page 118: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

LINE ITEM

Line numberQuantityActual price

#●

PURCHASE ORDER

PO NumberOrder date

PRODUCT

Product codeDescriptionUnit price

#●

SERVICE

Service codeDescriptionRate per hour

#●

#●

PARTY

Party IDName

#●

PERSONSurnameQuali�cation

COMPANYRegistration●

part of

for

bought via bought via

for

composed of vendor in

issued to

CASE*Method data model, using Ellis-Barker notation

118

Page 119: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

LINE ITEM

Line numberQuantityActual price

#●

PURCHASE ORDER

PO NumberOrder date

PRODUCT

Product codeDescriptionUnit price

#●

SERVICE

Service codeDescriptionRate per hour

#●

#●

PARTY

Party IDName

#●

PERSONSurnameQuali�cation

COMPANYRegistration●

part of

for

bought via bought via

for

composed of vendor in

issued to

CASE*Method data model, using Ellis-Barker notation

119

Page 120: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

120

Page 121: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Debategraph.org 121

Page 122: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Debategraph.org 122

Page 123: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

animation, interaction,

computation

123

Page 124: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Animated presentation…

…to change the viewer’s focus

124

Page 125: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Animated presentation…

…to change the viewer’s focus

125

Page 126: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Animated presentation…

…to build up layers of knowledge about a graphic

126

Page 127: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

World Health Organisation – interactive map, incidence by country of death rate from Non Communicable Disease (males)

See http://www.who.int/gho/map_gallery/en/index.html for this and other Global Health Observatory maps

127

Page 128: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

World Health Organisation – interactive map, incidence by country of death rate from Non Communicable Disease (males)

See http://www.who.int/gho/map_gallery/en/index.html for this and other Global Health Observatory maps

128

Page 129: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Gapminder — see http://www.gapminder.org — download and install the desktop edition

Gapminder.orgHans Rosling

129

Page 130: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Gapminder — see http://www.gapminder.org — download and install the desktop edition 130

Page 131: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Gapminder — see http://www.gapminder.org — download and install the desktop edition 131

Page 132: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Gapminder — see http://www.gapminder.org — download and install the desktop edition 132

Page 133: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Gapminder — see http://www.gapminder.org — download and install the desktop edition 133

Page 134: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Gapminder — see http://www.gapminder.org — download and install the desktop edition 134

Page 135: The Grammar of Graphics, for ISKO UK

Conrad Taylor

www.conradiator.com

conradtaylorbcs.googlemail.com

the endother talks from the ISKO UK events at http://www.iskouk.org

135