the great huge seemingly ever growing poetry overview

What You Need to Know

The Great Huge Seemingly

Ever GrowingPoetry Overview

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What is poetry?Poetry is [an] attempt to paint the color of the wind. — Maxwell Bodenheim, poet

. . . the essential use of the language.. . . the most compact form of literature

- in other words, poets express their ideas in as few words as possible.

. . . using a few carefully chosen words to express a range of emotions, tell epic stories, and reveal truths. To say so much, poets use a variety of forms, sound devices, imagery, and figurative language.

Poetry is…

Key Elements of PoetryForm and Structure, Sound, Imagery, Figurative Language

Form/Structure —the way the poem is arranged on the page.

Sound —how the poem sounds when read aloud.

Imagery —words or phrases that appeal to the five senses.

Figurative Language —words or phrases that mean something different than the actual definitions of the words.

The Four Key Elements of Poetry

Form — how the poem looks on the page. Free verse — a poem without a set structure.Structure — different types of poems have

different types of structuresHaiku – 3 lines with line 1 – 5 sylables, line 2 –

7 sylables, line 3 – 5 sylables, limerick, villanelle, or sonnet.

Concrete Poetry — a poem where the words are arranged into a shape.

Sonnet Poetry – 14 lines, couplet at the end

Elements of Form and Structure

Speaker —the voice of the poem, like a narrator in the story. From the title, “Mother to Son,” by Langston Hughes, we can infer that the speaker is a woman, who is speaking to her son.

Stanza —a grouping of lines in a poem, like a paragraph in prose.

Elements of Form and Structure

Near, Half, Close or Imperfect Rhymes sound

similar but not the same.

Rhyme - repetition of sounds.• Near, Half, Close or Imperfect

Rhymes – Rhymes that share EITHER the same vowel or consonant sound BUT NOT BOTH. House and Dose Like and beek abide and kite

End Rhyme - rhymes found at the ends of lines.

Whose woods these are I think I know,His house is in the village, though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.

--Robert Frost, “Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening”

Elements of Sound These terms are all the same idea.

SYNONYMS

Internal Rhyme — A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line.

Men swift to see done, and outrun, their extremist commanding—

Of the tribe which describe with a jibe the perversions of Justice—

Panders avowed to the crowd whatsoever its lust is.

--Rudyard Kipling, “The City of Brass”

Elements of Sound

Rhyme Scheme — the pattern of end rhyme in a poem.

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, A

Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, B

While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, C

As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. B

"'Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door - B

Only this, and nothing more." B

Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December, D

And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. B

Eagerly I wished the morrow; - vainly I had sought to borrow E

From my books surcease of sorrow - sorrow for the lost Lenore - B

For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore - B

Nameless here for evermore. B-- from “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe

Elements of Sound

Consonance— repetition of consonant sounds anywhere they occur.

Rap rejects my tape deck, ejects projectile

Whether jew or gentile I rank top percentile.

--The Fugees, “Zealots”

Elements of Sound - Rhymes

CONSONANCE• The repeated consonant sounds can be

anywhere in the words• Similar to alliteration EXCEPT . . .• Alliteration is a special case of consonance where

the repeated consonant sound is at the beginning of each word

• pitt patter• silken, sad, uncertain, rustling . .• lady lounges lazily• dark deep dread crept in• Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled

peppers.• busy batters bat baseballs by bases.

consonance

alliteration

Assonance— repetition of vowel sounds.

I must confess that in my quest I felt depressed and restless.

--Thin Lizzy, “With Love”

Elements of Sound - Rhymes

ASSONANCE

• Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry.

• Often creates near rhyme.

LakeFate Base Fade (All share the long “a” sound.)

ASSONANCE cont.Examples of ASSONANCE:“Slow the low gradual moan came in the

snowing.”- John Masefield

“Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.”- William Shakespeare

Meter— the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry.

To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells.

--John Keats, “Ode to Autmn”

Elements of Sound

Rhythm— the musical quality produced by the repetition of stressed and unstressed syllable patterns.

Fát bláck búcks ĭn ă wíne-bárrĕl róom

Barrel-house kings, with feet unstable, (Copy this line) Sagged and reeled and pounded on the table, Pounded on the table, Beat an empty barrel with the handle of a broom, Hard as they were able Boom, boom, BOOM, With a silk umbrella and the handle of a broom, Boomlay, boomlay, boomlay, BOOM.

--Vachel Lindsay, “The Congo”

Elements of Sound

1.What types of rhyme are here? Label them.

2.What syllables are STRESSED which are unstressed? Label them.

Men swift to see done, and outrun, their extremist commanding—

Of the tribe which describe with a jibe the perversions of Justice—

Panders avowed to the crowd whatsoever its lust is.

--Rudyard Kipling, “The City of Brass”

Assonant Internal Rhyme

Assonant Internal Rhyme

Assonant Internal Rhyme End Rhyme

Consonant Alliterate Internal Rhyme

Figurative Language is any time words are used in a way that is different from their usual dictionary definition, or literal meaning.

Figurative Language

COPY THESE DOWN, and try to guess what type of figurative language each is an example of.1. I’ve told you that a million

times.2. It cut like a hot knife

through butter.3. You’re skating on thin ice,

pal.4. America is a melting pot.5. The rain kissed my cheeks.6. And then, poof! He was

gone.

Figurative Language

Idiom — a figure of speech, usually slang, when language is used in a non-literal sense.

He passed the exam by the skin of his teeth.

She’s really bringing home the bacon.The two fell in love instantly.I’m laying down the law.

In an idiom, the sum is NOT EQUAL

to its parts.

Figurative Language - IDIOMS

Idiom (A Culturally Specific Expression)

• An expression where the literal meaning of the words is not the meaning of the expression.

• It means something other than what it actually says. • Idioms are phrases and sentences that do not mean

exactly what they say. • Even if you know the meaning of every word, you may

not understand the idiom because you don't understand the culture behind it.

EXAMPLES• It’s raining cats and dogs.• Your barking up the wrong tree.• Dear John letter• He’s down in the dumps.

• I’m broke!• She got cold feet.• Couch potato.

IdiomAn idiom is a

figurative language technique that does not mean what is being said.

Idioms are culturally specific.

What does that mean? ((Hands please))What kinds of problems could arise from this?

IdiomRemember what literal means? This is the opposite.Think about it.

When you tell your hommie “Chill!” are you suggesting s/he walk into a freezer?

No.

The expression “chill,” is an idiom that means: relax, take it easy or don’t worry.

There are tons of idioms. I’m sure you use several all the time, without thinking about it.

Idiom

What figures of speech are in the passages on this

page?

Take it easy.Stay cool.RelaxCalm down or I'll deck you!Please stop because you're distressing me.

Stop as in “ You wanna chill here?

Hang out as in “Yeah, let’s chill here?”

"Chill." can be interpreted as . . .Which of these could also be considered

IDIOMATIC?

Idiom An idiom is a speech form or an expression of a given language that is peculiar to itself grammatically or cannot be understood from the individual meanings of its elements.

IdiomIdioms are known as regional speech, dialect, slang, jargon, or legal idiom.

IdiomDude!

I can’t understand the idiom all by itself. It takes reference.

Idiom — a figure of speech, usually slang, when language is used in a non-literal sense.

He passed the exam by the skin of his teeth.

She’s really bringing home the bacon.

The two fell in love instantly.I’m laying down the law.

Types of Figurative Language

IdiomsMore examples of idioms:Mommy says: “Daddy is a little pigeon toed.”

We were chewing the fat.It’s raining cats and dogs. She’s as sharp as a tack.I wish he would kick the bucket.

Simile — a comparison of two different things using “like” or “as”. Similar – get it.

She was as big as a house.His eyes were round as saucers.

The fog was so thick, it was like driving through soup.


Simile — a comparison of two seemingly different things using “like”, “as” and other comparative language structures.

Similes tell us that two things are Similar in some way.She was as big as a house.His eyes were round as saucers.The fog was so thick, it was like driving

through soup.His feet were as big as boats.She is as beautiful as a sunrise.She is as the sun rising over my horizon.


Simile

Examples of similes:She is like a rainy day.He is as busy as a bee.They are like two peas in a pod.

A simile is a figurative language technique where a comparison is made using like or as.

SimileA figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in: “How like the winter hath my absence been” or “So are you to my thoughts as food to life” (Shakespeare).

Complete your custom simileThe cat was as scary as a ____.

The night is like a ____.The moon is like a ____The scarecrow was as scary as ____.

Metaphor — a comparison of two seemingly different things without using “like” or “as”.

Her hair was spun gold.This homework is a breeze.There are plenty of fish in the sea.


Metaphor — a comparison of two different things without using “like” or “as”.

Her hair was spun gold.This homework is a breeze.There are plenty of fish in the sea.


METAPHOR

• A direct comparison of two unlike things• A direct relationship where one thing or idea

substitutes for anotherFor example: Her hair is silk. (The sentence

is comparing or stating that hair is silk).

EXTENDED METAPHOR

• A metaphor that goes several lines or possibly the entire length of a work.

IMPLIED METAPHOR

• The comparison is hinted at but not clearly stated.

• “The poison sacs of the town began to manufacture venom, and the town swelled and puffed with the pressure of it.”

- from The Pearl- by John Steinbeck

MetaphorA poetic comparison that does not use the words like or as.

Examples of metaphors:She is a graceful swan.He is a golden god.They are honey from the honeycomb.

MetaphorA figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in “a sea of troubles” or “All the world's a stage” (Shakespeare).

Brian was a wall, bouncing every

tennis ball back over the net.

This metaphor compares Brian to a wall because __________.

a. He was very strong.b. He was very tall.c. He kept returning the

balls.d. His body was made of

cells.

We would have had more pizza to eat if Tammy hadn’t been such a hog.Tammy was being compared to a hog because she __________.

a. looked like a hog b. ate like a hogc. smelled like a hogd. was as smart as a hog

Cindy was such a mule. We couldn’t

get her to change her mind.

The metaphor compares Cindy to a mule because she was __________.

a. always eating oatsb. able to do hard workc. raised on a farmd. very stubborn

The poor rat didn’t have a chance. Our old cat, a bolt of lightning, caught his prey.The cat was compared to a bolt of lightning because he was _______.a. very fastb. very brightc. not fond of fleasd. very old

Even a child could carry my dog,

Dogface, around for hours. He’s

such a feather.This metaphor implies that Dogface:

a. is not cuteb. looks like a birdc. is not heavyd. can fly

Hyperbole — when the truth is exaggerated for humor or emphasis.Your mama’s so fat, if someone yells, “Kool-aid,” she’ll jump through a wall!

I nearly died laughing.I could eat a horse.


Hyperbole — when the truth is exaggerated for humor or emphasis.

I nearly died laughing.I’m so hungry, I could eat a horse.My backpack weighs a ton!That’s the worst idea in the world!

Figurative Language: Hyperbole

Hyperbole

• Is when one exaggerates. • We use hyperbole (the figure of

speech) all the time when we

want to impress or stress.• Hyperboles are used gazillions of

times a minute.

Hyperbole“He never speaks to her.”

Never? That is a very long time.

Hyperbole means to exaggerate.

Hyperbole

•We have a ton of work.

A ton is a lot of work. A ton is also a thousand pounds.

Hyperbole•“I ate a ton of pasta.”

Ton = 907.185 kg= 2000 pounds (US)= 2240 lbs. (UK)

This person must be trying to tell us that s/he ate a lot. What an appetite.

Hyperbole Example

•I told you a million times.

I don’t mind repeating myself, but a million times? That’s a lot.

Litotes

• Understatement - basically the opposite of hyperbole. Often it is ironic.

• Ex. Calling a slow moving person “Speedy”

Onomatopoeia — when a word’s sound suggests its meaning.Pop goes the weasel.I heard a snap as the branch broke.

The bacon sizzled on the skillet.


Onomatopoeia — when a word’s sound suggests its meaning.

Pop goes the weasel.I heard a snap as the branch broke.

The bacon sizzled on the skillet.

Figurative Language: Onomatopoeia

Onomatopoeia

Examples onomatopoeia:Bang, went the gun!

Swoosh went the basketball

through the hoop.

ONOMATOPOEIA• Words that imitate the sound they are

naming BUZZ, SHOT, • OR sounds that imitate or suggest the sound

associated with something

“The silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of each purple curtain . . .”

In the above example ALLITERATION is used to achieve ONOMATOPOEIA.

61

Onomatopoeia

The formation or use of words such as buzz, murmur or boo that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.

Onomatopoeia in practiceOnomatopoeia is the use of words whose sounds make you think of their meanings.

For example; buzz, thump, pop.Many comic strips use onomatopoeia.

Personification — when something not human is given human characteristics.The trees danced in the wind.Oreo: Milk’s Favorite Cookie.Fear knocked on the door, and Faith answered.


Personification — when something not human is given human characteristics.The trees danced in the wind.

Oreo: Milk’s Favorite Cookie.

Fear knocked on the door, and Faith answered.


Joyet 2004 66

Personification

Personification is a figurative language technique in which human characteristics are given to nonhuman things.

Personification

The leaves danced in the wind.

The heat ripped the breath from her lungs.

Personification When inanimate objects or

abstractions (things that are not human) are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.

Giving human qualities, feelings, actions, or characteristics to animals or non-living objects.

Joyet 2004 69

Personification Examples Hunger sat shivering on the

road. Hunger doesn’t sit, people do.

Flowers danced about the lawn.

Flowers don’t dance, people do.

The sun smiled on me. The verb, smile, is a human action.

Joyet 2004 70

Personification ExamplesThe sleeping water reflected the evening sky.

Humidity breathed in the girl's face and ran its greasy fingers through her hair.

The tree arrested the oncoming car.

Check your guesses. . . Which types of figurative language do the following exemplify:I’ve told you that a million times.And then, poof! He was gone.The rain kissed my cheeks.You’re skating on thin ice, pal.It cut like a hot knife through

butter.America is a melting pot.

Practice with Figurative Language

ExamplesI’ve told you that a

million times.And then, poof! He was

gone.

The rain kissed my cheeks as it fell.

You’re skating on thin ice, pal.

It cut like a hot knife through butter.

America is a melting pot.

Hyperbole—it might have been said often, but not a million times.

Onomatopoeia—there was not an actual puff of smoke as the subject left.

Personification—the rain didn’t really kiss the speaker’s cheeks; this is a human quality.

Idiom—he’s not actually on ice, but irritating someone.

Simile—comparison made by using like or as.

Metaphor—American isn’t really a pot of things melting together, but home to a variety of cultures that mix together.

Examples of Figurative Language

Explanation

Figurative Language versus Literal Language

•Figurative Language – any use of language where the intended meaning differs from the actual literal meaning of the words themselves.

•Literal Language – our everyday language. We mean what we say!

IMAGERY• Language that appeals to any of the

five senses.• Most images are visual, but they can

also appeal to the senses of sound, touch, taste, or smell.

then with cracked hands that achedfrom labor in the weekday weather . . .

from “Those Winter Sundays”

Imagery — words or phrases that appeal to the five senses: sight, touch, hearing, smell, taste.What can you see, feel, hear,

smell, taste?We pulled on our clothes, crackling underbrush, the sharp briars pulling at our damp jeans, until we reached the watermelon patch. As we began to cut open the nearest melon, we could smell the pungent skin mingling with the dusty odor of the dry earth. Suddenly, the melon gave way with a crack, revealing the deep, pink sweetness inside.

Imagery

Find examples of imagery in the following passage:

The hot July sun beat relentlessly down, casting an orange glare over the farm buildings, the fields, the pond. Even the usually cool green willows bordering the pond hung wilted and dry. Our sun-baked backs ached for relief. We quickly pulled off our sweaty clothes and plunged into the pond, but the tepid water only stifled us and we soon climbed onto the brown, dusty bank. Our parched throats longed for something cool--a strawberry ice, a tall frosted glass of lemonade.

Imagery

Allusion• Allusion comes

from the verb “allude” which means “to refer to”

• An allusion is a reference to something else outside the piece you are dealing with.

“A tunnel walled and overlaidWith dazzling crystal: we had read Of rare Aladdin’s wondrous cave,And to our own his name we gave.”

From “Snowbound”John Greenleaf Whittier

ApostropheA person or thing which is absent is addressed:

“What thoughts I have of you tonight, Walt Whitman” (Ginsberg, 599).

-- A Letter to Father by John Handferry (whose father had died)

SYMBOLISM• When a

person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself also represents, or stands for, something else.

= Innocence

= America

= Peace

The symbol of the SS – Hitler’s Order of the Death’s Head.

Hair symbolizes physical strength and virility; the virtues and properties of a person are said to be concentrated in his hair and nails.

The heart is the locus of physical and spiritual being . . . compassion and understanding, life-giving and complex.

SYMBOLISM ExamplesThere are more things with symbolic meaning than

could ever be listed.

Check your guesses. . . Which types of figurative language do the following exemplify:I’ve told you that a million times.And then, poof! He was gone.The rain kissed my cheeks.You’re skating on thin ice, pal.It cut like a hot knife through

butter.America is a melting pot.

Practice with Figurative Language

ExamplesI’ve told you that a

million times.

And then, poof! He was gone.

The rain kissed my cheeks as it fell.

You’re skating on thin ice, pal.

It cut like a hot knife through butter.

America is a melting pot.

Hyperbole—it might have been said often, but not a million times.

Onomatopoeia—there was not an actual puff of smoke as the subject left.

Personification—the rain didn’t really kiss the speaker’s cheeks; this is a human quality.

Idiom—he’s not actually on ice, but irritating someone.

Simile—comparison made by using like or as.

Metaphor—American isn’t really a pot of things melting together, but home to a variety of cultures that mix together.

Examples of Figurative Language

Explanation

D.E.A.R. -15 minutes - April 15th, 2013

JOURNALING REQUIREMENTS – Personal Novel ReadingEVERY time you read, you must include the following information as part of

your journal entry.

1st, 3rd, 4th Blocks9/24/12 Title of Book, Author’s Last Name Pg# - Pg#D.E.A.R. JS#___ Subsequent Lines should be composed of

• Journal Writing – Next Journal Starter, Approach Paper Work, Vocabulary Work, Evidence of any/all reading strategies being put to work on your novel.

• Class Novel Study Guide Questions• Literature Circle Job Work in Preparation for

Discussions• Common Assessment Answer Reworkings &

Data Crunch

Be seated in your assigned seat.

Silent Reading – Personal Novel

Silent Room

Poetic FormsRules and Regulations

Poetic Forms

What are Poetic Forms?

They are Simply,Poems with Rules.

Poetic Form and Structure

There are many types of poetic forms from all over the world.

You’ve heard of many of them.HaikuLimerickSonnetsVillanelle

There are others, such as the Villanelle, the Biopoem, the Concrete, and the Found.

• Biopoem• Cinquain • Free Verse

POETIC FORM - HaikuA Japanese poetic form. Usually written about nature.Usually tries to show a contrast.Traditionally has three lines of 17

syllables1 - five syllables.2 - seven syllables.3 - five syllables.

Other related form of Japanese originTanka

Syllable Counts of 5,7,5,7,7Popular since 1300 C.E.

HaikuNights are getting cold 5

not a single insect now 7attacks the candle 5

An oil spill is a 5slippery, black blob of ink 7writing warning notes 5

NOW YOU TRY . . . on your own paper.

____________________________ 5_____________________________ 7____________________________ 5

POETIC FORM - LimerickSome say the “Limerick” was invented by

soldiers fleeing from France to the Irish town of Limerick in the 1700’s, however . . .

The origin of the actual name limerick for this type of poem is obscure. Its use was first documented in the UK in 1898 (New English Dictionary) and in the USA in 1902. It is generally taken to be a reference to the County of Limerick in Ireland, particularly the Maigue Poets, and may derive from an earlier form of nonsense verse parlour game that traditionally included a refrain that ended "Come all the way up to Limerick?"

http://www.limerickcentral.co.uk/stuff-about-limericks/history-of-the-limerick.html

POETIC FORM - LimerickThe name ‘Limerick’ is predated by

the work of Edward Lear who published his first Book of Nonsense in 1845 and a later work (1872) on the same theme.

Lear wrote 212 limericks, mostly nonsense verse.

It was customary at the time for limericks to accompany an absurd illustration of the same subject, and for the final line of the limerick to be a kind of conclusion, usually a variant of the first line ending in the same word.


POETIC FORM - LimerickThe following is an example of one of Edward Lear's

limericks.


There was a Young Person of Smyrna Whose grandmother threatened to burn her; But she seized on the cat, and said 'Granny, burn that! You incongruous old woman of Smyrna!'

The rulesHas come to be a five-line poetic form.Usually funny.

Has the rhyme scheme AABBA.Has a set rhythm

Poetic Form - Limerick

What difference is immediately noticeable upon seeing a Lear Limerick and knowing the modern day rules for writing one?

LimericksA flea and a fly in a flueWere caught, so what could they do?Said the fly, "Let us flee.""Let us fly," said the flea.So they flew through a flaw in the flue.--Ogden Nash

There was an Old Person whose habits,Induced him to feed upon rabbits;When he'd eaten eighteen,He turned perfectly green,Upon which he relinquished those habits.--Edward Lear

NOW YOU TRY . . . on your own paper.____________________________________________ A____________________________________________ A____________________________________________ B____________________________________________ B____________________________________________ A

POETIC FORM - SonnetsThere are a few kinds of sonnets. They all . . .

have 14-lines.are on the topic is LOVE – either a positive

attitude toward it or a negative one.have a volta. In literature, the volta, also

referred to as the turn, is the shift or point of dramatic change.

are FIXED FORM poems, NOT free verse at all.

We will look at Shakespearean Sonnets and Italian Sonnets.

Sonnets: Shakespearean Sonnet

Shakespearean sonnets have 14 lines Three Quatrains (4 line stanzas) andOne rhyming couplet (2 line stanza)

at the end.VOLTA at line 9.

12 lines with a set rhyme scheme and two lines that rhyme with each other.

Here’s what the rhyme scheme looks like

a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g

Shakespeare's Sonnet XXIX (29)

When in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes, A

I all alone beweep my outcast state, B

And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries, A

And look upon myself and curse my fate, B

Wishing me like to one more rich in hope, C

Featured like him, like him with friends possessed, D

Desiring this man's art and that man's scope, C

With what I most enjoy contented lest, DYet in these thoughts my self almost despising,

EHaply I think on thee, and then my state,

F(Like to the lark at break of day arising EFrom sullen earth) sings hymns at heaven's gate,

FFor thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings,

GThat then I scorn to change my state with kings.

G Three quatrians and one rhyming couplet Rhyme Scheme: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG


AKA the Petrarchan Sonnet.They have 14 lines.

An octave (8 lines) with a set rhyme scheme Rhyme Scheme of first 8 lines: ABBA,

ABBAa sestet (6 lines) with its own set rhyme

scheme ofRhyme Schemes can vary, but may not

end in a couplet.CDDECE, CDECDE, CDCDCD, etc.

VOLTA at line 9.

Here’s what the rhyme scheme could look like

a-b-b-a, a-b-b-a, c-d-e, c-d-e

Sonnets: Italian Sonnets

An Italian Sonnet by William Wordsworth524. England, 1802

iiMilton! thou shouldst be living at this hour:

AEngland hath need of thee: she is a fen

BOf stagnant waters: altar, sword, and pen,

BFireside, the heroic wealth of hall and bower,

AHave forfeited their ancient English dower

AOf inward happiness. We are selfish men;

BOh! raise us up, return to us again;

BAnd give us manners, virtue, freedom, power.

A--------------------

Thy soul was like a Star, and dwelt apart; C

Thou hadst a voice whose sound was like the sea: D

Pure as the naked heavens, majestic, free, D

So didst thou travel on life's common way, E

In cheerful godliness; and yet thy heart C

The lowliest duties on herself did lay.E


Spencerian Sonnetinvented by Edmund Spenser as an outgrowth

of the stanza pattern he used in TheFaerie Queene (a b a b b c b c c),

Line 9 usually starts with “But” or “Yet” . . . however

The VOLTA is NOT usually there.VOLTA at line 13!!has the pattern: a b a b b c b c c d c d e e

Indefinable Uh, these generally have 14 lines, but break all

the other rules.VOLTA at Line 9.

POETIC FORM - Sonnets

Shakespeareana-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g

Petrarchan/Italiana-b-b-a, a-b-b-a, c-d-e, c-d-e

Spenceriana b a b b c b c c d c d e e

Sonnets at a Glance

POETIC FORM - Bio Poem A poem written about a person. Follows the form:

(Line 1) First name (Line 2) Three or four adjectives that describe the

person (Line 3) Important relationship (daughter of . . . ,

mother of . . . , etc) (Line 4) Two or three things, people, or ideas that the

person loved (Line 5) Three feelings the person experienced (Line 6) Three fears the person experienced (Line 7) Accomplishments (who composed…, who

discovered…, etc.) (Line 8) Two or three things the person wanted to see

happen or wanted to experience (Line 9) His or her residence (Line 10) Last name

Bio Poem on Rosa ParksRosa Determined, brave, strong, loving Wife of Raymond Parks, mother of all children Who loved equality, freedom, and the benefits of a

good education Who hated discrimination, loved to stand up for her

beliefs, and loved to help others Who feared that racism would continue, feared losing

the opportunity to make a difference, and feared that young people might lose opportunities to develop strength and courage

Who changed history as she accomplished great strides for equality and encouraged excellence for all

Who wanted to see love triumph and see an end to all bias and discrimination in a world in which respect is freely given to all

Born in Alabama and rests at Woodlawn Cemetery, Detroit, Michigan

Parks

NOW YOU TRY . . . on your own paper . . Write your BIOPOEM on your WOMAN of IMPACT.

POETIC FORM - VillanelleDo not tell a story or have a conversational

tone.Usually accomplishes the task of

concentrating the reader on a certain strong emotion.

A lot of fun to write this 19 line poem, has 5 tercets (3 line stanza) - 15 linesone quatrain (4 line stanza) - 4 lines

Only has two end rhyme soundsRhyme scheme

ABA ABA ABA ABA ABA ABAARepeats two lines several times, as refrainsLine 1 repeats on lines 6, 12, and 18Line 3 repeats on lines 9, 15, and 19

Villanelles“Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night”

by Dylan Thomas

Do not go gentle into that good night, AOld age should burn and rave at close of day; BRage, rage against the dying of the light.

AThough wise men at their end know dark is right,

ABecause their words had forked no lightning they

BDo not go gentle into that good night. AGood men, the last wave by, crying how bright ATheir frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,

BRage, rage against the dying of the light.

AWild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,

AAnd learn, too late, they grieved it on its way, B Do not go gentle into that good night. A Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight ABlind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,

B Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

AAnd you, my father, there on the sad height, ACurse, bless me now with your fierce tears, I pray.

B Do not go gentle into that good night. ARage, rage against the dying of the light.

A

NOW YOU TRY . . . . . on your own paper.

A cinquain is a five line poem.Usually about a person place or thing

(noun)Usually a titled poem where the title

is the 5th line.Line 1: a synonym for the titleLine 2: two adjectives or adjectival

phrases describing the titleLine 3: three “–ing” action verbs or

verbal phrasesLine 4: a related phrase Line 5: a one-word title (in other words, a noun that tells what the poem is about )

POETIC FORM - Cinquain

JasemHappy, active

Smiling, running, jumping

Eats lots of ketchupBrother

(by Nabil)

Cinquain Poems (The WEAK EXAMPLES)

TreesBrown, green

Growing, bending, swayingReaching for the sky

Interesting

(by Hayley)

SchoolFun, boring

Playing, working, doingField trips are fun, but not

the seaweed oneWork

(by Tyler)

CaramelYummy, sweet

Runny, gushy, brownI love caramel chocolate

Fantastic

(by Natalia)

http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/davidc/6c_files/Poem%20pics/6ccinquains02.htm

Rules broken

Cinquain Poems (The REAL DEAL)

TreesBrown bark rough as myself, green with the wind in the summer

Growing roots in winter, bending to the way the wind goes, swaying against the force

Mostly reaching for the sky

Interesting

(by Hayley and modified by Mr. Moshé)


Just look at some . . . Helicopter – well, it becomes a helicopter.Go Cart – Like the helicopter, actuallyTrain – Uh, this becomes a rain and then

moves.Vision Care - This is from a commercial that

aired years ago during a superbowl.Always the precious repetition for the joy of rec

ognition. – Nothing like a little visual jazz.

Stigmatized – a tragic story of feeling isolated

Poetic Form – Concrete Poetry

http://youtu.be/xeLPAXrjXCY

http://youtu.be/F0rHPWu1z-E

http://youtu.be/JDO5H9HgU08

http://youtu.be/JDO5H9HgU08

http://youtu.be/fmO5RjVO7iY

http://youtu.be/L1JpB1sTJuY

http://youtu.be/L1JpB1sTJuY

http://youtu.be/TtE_t_By_3k

Found poems take existing texts and refashion them, reorder them, and present them as poems. The literary equivalent of a collage, found poetry is often made from newspaper articles, street signs, graffiti, speeches, letters, or even other poems.

A pure found poem consists exclusively of outside texts: the words of the poem remain as they were found, with few additions or omissions. Decisions of form, such as where to break a line, are left to the poet.

Poetic Form - Found Poetry

Examples of found poems can be seen in the work of Blaise Cendrars, David Antin, and Charles Reznikoff.

In his book Testimony, Reznikoff created poetry from law reports, such as this excerpt:

Amelia was just fourteen and out of the orphan asylum; at her first job--in the bindery, and yes sir, yes ma'am, oh, so anxious to please.She stood at the table, her blond hair hanging about her shoulders, "knocking up" for Mary and Sadie, the stichers("knocking up" is counting books and stacking them in piles to be taken away).

Example of Found Poetry

Many poets have also chosen to incorporate snippets of found texts into larger poems, most significantly Ezra Pound. His Cantos includes letters written by presidents and popes, as well as an array of official documents from governments and banks. The Waste Land, by T. S. Eliot, uses many different texts, including Wagnerian opera, Shakespearian theater, and Greek mythology. Other poets who combined found elements with their poetry are William Carlos Williams, Charles Olson, and Louis Zukofsky.

Poetic Form – Found Poetry

http://www.poets.org/epoun

http://www.poets.org/tseli

http://www.poets.org/wcwil

http://www.poets.org/colso

http://www.poets.org/lzuko

http://www.poets.org/lzuko

The found poem achieved prominence in the twentieth-century, sharing many traits with Pop Art, such as Andy Warhol's soup cans or Marcel Duchamp's bicycle wheels and urinals.

The writer Annie Dillard has said that turning a text into a poem doubles that poem's context. "The original meaning remains intact," she writes, "but now it swings between two poles."

- See more at: http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/5780#sthash.UWKue4Qa.dpuf

Poetic Form - Found Poetry

very few distinct rules or boundries

it is not written in iambic pentameter as is Blank Verse

rhythm or cadence of free verse varies throughout the poem

POETIC FORM - Free Verse

Running through a field of clover,Stop to pick a daffodilI play he loves me, loves me not,The daffy lies, it says he does not love

me!Well, what use a daffy When Jimmy gives me roses?

-- Flora Launa

Free Verse Sample

NOW YOU TRY . . . . On your own paper

A poem that tells a story.Usually of multiple stanzas to indicate plot structure.

Can be rhyming, but doesn’t have to be.

That’s it.

POETIC FORM – Narrative Poem

NOW YOU TRY . . . . On your own paper

Today we finished the Poetry Overview PowerPoint.

Now What?

You should have original written samples (drafts, I'm not looking for perfection here) of each type of poem that we covered from the time we started the Poetic Forms section of the PowerPoint: Haiku, Limerick, Shakespearean Sonnet, Italian Sonnet, Biopoem, Villanelle, Cinquain, Free Verse, Narrative.

Poetry Writing Workshop

DO NOT write your names on the following sheets.

Write each of the following poems centered on separate sheets of paper (7 Poems for 7 sheets): Haiku, Limerick, Shakespearean Sonnet, Italian Sonnet, Biopoem, Villanelle, Cinquain.

When you have them all written out, bring them to me.

Then I will allow you to staple the poems together .


D.E.A.R. -15 minutes - April 19th, 2013

JOURNALING REQUIREMENTS – Personal Novel ReadingEVERY time you read, you must include the following information as part of

your journal entry.

1st, 3rd, 4th Blocks9/24/12 Title of Book, Author’s Last Name Pg# - Pg#D.E.A.R. JS#___ Subsequent Lines should be composed of

• You should be making darn sure you have all 7 poems ready on separate sheets of paper. Have them out while you read.

Be seated in your assigned seat.

Silent Reading – Personal Novel

Silent Room Silent Room Silent Room Silent Room Silent Room Silent Room

I will then collect your poems and redistribute them to classmates for PEER Editing/Proofing and suggestions.

You will work on each other's writing.Use rubrics found in the Writing Workshop

Folders and your extensive notes, Check each other's work to see whether or

not the rules for each form of poetry were followed and make any corrections/marks/suggestions.

Also, make three suggestions to each poem for any Literary & Poetic Techniques that could effect any improvement for the poems.


Plot ReviewPlot is composed of four parts

ExpositionRising ActionClimaxResolution

ExpositionIn the exposition we get all the essential

information we need in order to get the story goingCharacter – Main CharacterSetting – Time, place, cultureConflict – issue(s), or problem(s), the main

character will struggle to resolve

Rising ActionIn the Rising Action drama, suspense usually

build through each scene as the plot is complicatedComplications – scenes that create a complex

story and at the same time reveal the details of how the conflict may be resolved later in the story.

ClimaxThe climax is the point of greatest suspense.It is the turning point.It immediately precedes the Falling Action or

resolution.It is “The turning point of the action in the plot of

a play or story. The climax represents the point of greatest tension in the work.” (http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072405228/student_view0/fiction_glossary.html)

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072405228/student_view0/fiction_glossary.html

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072405228/student_view0/fiction_glossary.html

What about PLOT?

What are the pieces of plot?

1.Exposition

2.Rising Action

3.Climax

4.Resolution

What about PLOT?


Exposition where we find out about the • Characters – Main and secondary• Setting(s) – initial and subsequent• Conflict(s)

What about PLOT?


Rising Action where the • Main Characters become fully

developed• Setting(s) are created in detail• Complications are introduced to

develop and define the conflict(s)

What about PLOT?


Climax where the • Highest point of excitement or drama is

reached• Turning point in the action occurs

What about PLOT?


Resolution where the• Conflict is settled or resolved• Things settle down• Most complications are worked out.

Lets try something to open you up to PoetryRemember to let the poem carry its own

message.

Suggestions to keep in mind Listen to the message in the poem.

Forget who said, wrote or recited the poem.

Follow the rules of punctuation while reading Do not stop at the end a line UNLESS

there is punctuation that requires it. Stop or pause only where the

punctuation tells you to.

Literature Circle Up – Groups of 3-4Read, Note Take, Work

Discuss & ShareEach participant MUST be able to answer these

questions (COPY THEM): What is the theme or message that you get from the poem? What

pieces/details add up to show you the message (must be more than one)?

What Figurative Language techniques are used in the poem: metaphors, similes, personification, hyperbole, litote, etc.?

What Poetic & Sound Devices are used in the poem: alliteration, onomatopoeia, assonance, consonance, etc.?

What is the rhyme scheme of the poem; Is there one: ABAA, etc.?

What else can you talk about because of the poem: personal connections, allusions, inspirations?

Literature Circle Time

Groups of 3 - ImageryEach of you draw an image for your piece of

the poem that you have.

Participant #1 – Section 1Participant #2 – Section 2Participant #3 – Section 3

The Trees by Neil Peart

There is unrest in the forest,There is trouble with the trees,For the maples want more sunlightAnd the oaks ignore their please.

The trouble with the maples,(And they're quite convinced they're right)They say the oaks are just too loftyAnd they grab up all the light.But the oaks can't help their feelingsIf they like the way they're made.And they wonder why the maplesCan't be happy in their shade

There is trouble in the forest,And the creatures all have fled,As the maples scream "Oppression!"And the oaks just shake their heads

So the maples formed a unionAnd demanded equal rights."The oaks are just too greedy;We will make them give us light."Now there's no more oak oppression,For they passed a noble law,And the trees are all kept equalBy hatchet, axe, and saw.

Participant 1

Participant 3Participant 2

Jacob’s Ladder by Neil PeartThe clouds prepare for battle

In the dark and brooding silence.Bruised and sullen stormcloudsHave the light of day obscured.Looming low and ominousIn twilight prematureThunderheads are rumblingIn a distant overture...

All at once, the clouds are parted.Light streams down in bright unbroken beams...

Follow men's eyes as they look to the skies.The shifting shafts of shining weave the fabric of their dreams..

Participant 1

Participant 3

Participant 2

Closer to the Heart by Neil Peart

And the men who hold high placesMust be the ones who startTo mold a new realityCloser to the heartCloser to the heartThe blacksmith and the artistReflect it in their artThey forge their creativityCloser to the heartCloser to the heart

Philosophers and ploughmenEach must know his partTo sow a new mentalityCloser to the heartCloser to the heartYou can be the captainI will draw the chartSailing into destinyCloser to the heart

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,

And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler, long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I

couldTo where it bent in the

undergrowth.

Then took the other, as just as fair,

And having perhaps the better claim,

Because it was grassy and wanted wear;

Though as for that the passing there

Had worn them really about the same.

Let's try actively reading a poem:

And both that morning equally lay

In leaves no step had trodden black.

Oh, I kept the first for another day!

Yet knowing how way leads on to way,

I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood,

and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the

difference.

The Road Not TakenBy: Robert Frost

“The Road Not Taken” by Robert Frost

Literature Circle UpRead, Note Take, Work

DiscussShare

Be able to answer these questions:

What is the topic, subject and theme or message that you get from the poem?

What else can you talk about?


“Jukebox Love Song”by Langston Hughes

I could take the Harlem nightand wrap it around you,Take the neon lights and make a crown,Take the Lenox Avenue busses,Taxis, subways,And for your love song tone their rumble down.Take Harlem's heartbeat,Make a drumbeat,Put it on a record, let it whirl,And while we listen to it play,Dance with you till day--Dance with you, my sweet brown Harlem girl.


“Jukebox Love Song”by Langston Hughes

DiscussShare

What is the theme or message that you get from the poem?



from “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” by T. S. Eliot

Let us go then, you and I, When the evening is spread out against the sky Like a patient etherized upon a table; Let us go, through certain half-deserted streets, The muttering retreats Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells


from “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” by T. S. Eliot

DiscussShare

What is the theme or message that you getfrom the excerpt of the poem?



We’ve looked atLiteral vs. Figurative

Remember Real vs. Imaginary

This could be understood a number of waysReal is to literal as imaginary is to

figurative ANDFigurative is to real as Literal is to

imaginaryANDReal is to imaginary as literal is to

figurative.

Joyet 2004 142

We’ve looked atSeven Figurative Language. techniques:

onomatopoeia alliteration simile

And then some other techniques authors like to put into action.

metaphor personification idiom hyperbole

Poetry & Active Reading & Discussion Strategies Learn to Read a Poem. Well?

Before you start reading anything: Find someone (or more than one person) to

read with. This could be a literature circle.Have your reader’s notebook or a blank

sheet of paper ready. Preview the poem - read aloud the first few

lines.Listen to the message, Not the Messenger!

Forget who wrote it, and what you THINK you know about that person. The author is not the character in the poem.

Listen for the message in the poem; what is the poem trying to say?

Active Reading Process for Poetry

Part I - 1st Complete read of the poem

Part II - Share one thing from your list quickly around the group

Part III - 2nd complete read of the poem

Part IV – Share a new thing from your list quickly around the group

Part V – Discuss


Part I - 1st complete read of the poem The poem is read out loud with everyone listening. Write down quickly anything/everything that pops into

your head. Visualize the images and Draw Think about the words and phrasesMake connections or allusionsMake inferencesPoetic TechniquesFigurative LanguagePlot Elements

Try to answer these questions“What do you notice about this poem so far?”“What is this poem about?”


Part II - Share one thing from your list

Read one thing you wrote down - the best example of something related to the poem.

If you have not written anything down, then write down something(s) you hear.

Try to figure out the topic, theme.Make inferences.Identify Poetic Techniques/Figurative

Language


Part III - 2nd complete read of the poem

AGAIN, the poem is read out loud with everyone listening.

Write down quickly anything/everything that pops into your head.

Visualize the images and Draw Think about the words and phrases Make connections or allusions Make inferences Poetic Techniques Figurative Language Plot Elements Now that you wrote all of the notes

for this step, realize that it’s the same as Step I.


Part IV - Share a new thing from your listRead one new thing - the best example of

something related to the poem.

If you have not written anything down, then write down something(s) you hear.

Try to figure out the topic, subject and theme, in the poem.


Part V – Discuss

Have a discussion.Share everything you have.

InsightsQuestionsOpinionsReflectionsDrawingsLiterature Circle Job Work


the great huge seemingly ever growing poetry overview

Documents

line rhymes

imagery words

figurative language

imperfect rhymes rhymes

sonnet poetry

concrete poetry

kiteend rhyme rhymes

imperfect rhymes sound