the growth of high-rise buildings in the u.s. suburbs ... growth of high-rise buildings in the u.s....
TRANSCRIPT
Geospatial analyses.
High-rises and mass-transit.
Green high-rise.
Kheir Al-Kodmany, UIC
Ceylan Oner, FAU
Mir Ali, UIUC
The growth of high-rise buildings in the U.S. suburbs:Will suburban tall promote sustainable development?
Makeover Montgomery
Innovative Strategies for Rethinking America’s SuburbsSilver Spring, Montgomery County, MD; April 14-16, 2011
OVERVIEW
• We present “work in progress.”
• No definitive conclusions.
• Ultimately we want to arrive at a geospatial model that advises on retrofitting suburbs.
– Where are the power centers?
– Where high-density infill development should go?
– Would the high-rise typology be appropriate, and where?
Geospatial Analysis
Kheir Al-Kodmany, Ph.D.
Associate ProfessorUrban Planning and Policy
Co-Director
Urban Data Visualization
University of Illinois
Chicago
With students of
UPP557 Spatial Planning Methods
In the future
UPP552 Suburbs Studio
• How do we go about examining spatial conditions of suburbs?– What are the appropriate methods applied across geographic scales?
– How do available data shape the analyses?
Chicago•Arlington Heights•Schaumburg•Oakbrook•Evanston
Miami•Aventura•Coral Spring•Coral Gable•Cypress Creek
Spatial Growth
1990-2010Population Centers change 1990 - 2009
1990 2000 2010
Employment Centers
REGIONAL SPATIAL INTERDEPENDENCE--Chicago
LAND USE DENSITY
TRANSPORTATION
1953 1972
REGIONAL SPATIAL INTERDEPENDENCE--Miami
Major routes Per county Population concentration
POWER CENTERSMAJOR NODES AND LINKS
“EXTENDED” TRANSECT
“EXTENDED” TRANSECTCovering more areas and including additional variables
Density
Street
Pattern
Land Use
Bird’s eye view
SUBURBAN TRANSECT
SUMMARY TRANSECT
LAND USE CHANGE
POPULATION CHANGE BY CENSUS TRACT (2000-2009)
INCOME CHANGE BY CENSUS TRACT (2000-2009)
HOUSING CHANGE BY CENSUS TRACT (2000-2009)(Number of housing units)
City CenterMiami, FL
City CenterFt. Lauderdale
FORECLOSURE RATES
Regional Mass-transit
Bike routes Peds-Bike Crashes
TOD SUITABILITY ANALYSIS
TOD SUITABILITY ANALYSISSERVICE COVERAGE
Connecting High-Rises and Transit in
Miami Suburbs
Asli Ceylan Oner, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
School of Urban and Regional Planning
Florida Atlantic University
Miami Metropolitan Area: Profile• Largest and the most populous metropolitan area
in Florida.• 6th largest and 4th most populous metropolitan
area in the U.S. with 5.5 million people. • Reached its natural growth boundaries, 110 miles
of continuous urbanized area.• Traffic congestion is the 10th highest in the
country, 47-hour annual delay per traveler.
Palm Beach
Broward
Miami-Dade
Source: www.city-
data.com
The 2000 Census Commuting
Patterns in South Florida
Source: RLRTP, SEFTC, 2010
Transit Context in Miami Metropolitan Area
Tri-Rail System Map
Miami
Metro Rail
Miami
Metro
Mover
Transit Context in Miami Metropolitan Area
• Nodes: Residential and mix-use high-rise
building boom in the mid 2000, mostly along
the coast.
• Integrating transit with high-density nodes in
both central cities and suburbs.
• Alternatives: Eastward Ho!, South Florida
East Coast Corridor Transit Analysis.
Source: Sun-SentinelSource: FDOT SFECCTA
Source: Eastward Ho!
High-Rise Clusters in Miami-Dade
Aventura
Sunny Isles
Beach
Bal Harbour
Miami Beach
South Beach
Brickell
Coral Gables
DowntownGlobal
Business
Center +
Residential
Residential+
Social Activity
MIA
Coral Gables Cluster2011-2020
2001-2010
1991-2000
1981-1990
1971-1980
pre 1970 Total
Commercial 0 3 6 7 3 2 21
Residential 2 16 2 4 3 3 30
Mix-Use 0 2 0 0 0 0 2
Total 2 21 8 11 6 5 53
• Incorporated in 1925.• Cluster with the second largest
number of commercial buildings.• Residential buildings increased
between 2001-2010.• Population: 44,000.• Population density: 3,282 people
per sq. mile.
• Attractions: Downtown Coral Gables and University of Miami.
• Coral Gables Trolley is linked with Metro Rail in Douglas Street Station.
• Hybrid vehicles along the Ponce de Leon Blvd in downtown area.
• Trolley carries around 5,000 passengers daily.• Median travel time to work: 20.46 min.• 84% of the employees drive to work, 3% use
transit.
Metro Rail
University
Station
Metro Rail
Douglas St.
Station
Existing
Trolley
Route
Coral Gables Cluster
Source:
coralgables.co
m
Trolley
Route/proposed
light rail
Metro Rail
Downtown
University of
Miami
Industrial
Section
Proposed Trolley
Ring Route
Proposed Red
Road Station
Proposed BRT to
the Airport
Aventura-Sunny Isles Beach Cluster• Located at the border of Broward and
Miami-Dade.• Aventura is incorporated in 1995,
Sunny Isles Beach is incorporated in 1997.
• Largest suburban high-rise cluster.• Residential with some mix use.• Construction boom between 2001-
2010.• Population : 47,000.• Population density: 11,742 people
per sq. mile.
2011-2020
2001-2010
1991-2000
1981-1990
1971-1980
pre 1970 Total
Commercial 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Residential 8 41 21 27 24 7 128
Mix-Use 1 5 1 0 0 0 7
Total 9 47 22 27 24 7 136
Sunny Isles Beach in 1970s Source: pbase.com
Under construction Source: city-data.com
• Growth took place as infill development.
• Aventura Mall and Aventura Hospital are the major destinations.
• Part of the district that has the highest number of trip productions and attractions for 2030.
• Aventura Mall: Transportation Hub.
• Median travel time to work: 20.65 min.
• 88% of the employees drive to work, 5% use transit.
• Connectivity to Tri-Rail: Miami Metro buses to Golden Glades.
– Bus Frequency: 30 minutes.– Bus Journey to Tri-Rail: 60 minutes.– Auto Travel: 12 minutes.
Aventura-Sunny Isles Beach Cluster
Proposed
FEC
Station
Proposed
Ring
Shuttle
Route
Tri-
Rail
FE
C
Aventura
Mall
Hospital
Sustainable Tall Buildings in Suburbs
Mir M. Ali, Ph.D.
Professor, School of Architecture
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Building Sustainable Tall
• Preservation of natural resources• Use of renewable energy• Environmental consciousness• Energy conservation• Indoor air quality• Efficient land use• Shorter traveling distance• Concentrated infrastructure• Reduction of urban sprawl• Reduction of carbon footprint
Tall Buildings and Urbanization
• Landmarks and space markers
• Affect aesthetics of the city
• Shared public spaces with plazas
• Improves street life
Green High-Rises and Suburbs• Vertical urban development
• Centralization within decentralized greater urban fabric
• Efficient use of expensive suburban land
• Less demand for further expansion of suburban areas
• Walkable/bikable distance to the suburb’s downtown : Promotes exercise and health benefits
Green High-Rises and Suburbs (continued)
• Need for access to public mass rapid transportation
• Reduction of car traffic
• Creation of high-density, mixed-use, sustainable environment
• Creation of ground plane-like environment with vertical urban design concepts
• Social interaction: socializing atelevated courtyards/terraces
Eureka Tower
(Southbank suburb, Melbourne, Australia
975 ft tall, 2006)
Sustainability features:
• Double-glazed external skin• Operable windows and natural ventilation• Efficient water usage system• Automated blind control, motion-sensitive
lighting and air-conditioning• Energy-efficient construction and use of
recycled materials
(Southbank suburb, Melbourne , Australia, 62-story building, 2005)
• Sustainable design features
• Residential high-rise: Vertical neighborhood
• Concentrated high density complex
• Nearby downtown of Southbank within walking/biking distance
Freshwater Place
Vancouver, BC Suburbs
• Surrey (top)
• Richmond (bottom left)
• North Vancouver (bottom right)
Toronto Suburbs• Mayor's Tower Renewal
Project• Goal:
Turn Greater Toronto metropolitan area's apartment blocks from the1960s into a 21st century high density resource
• Features:- Sustainable - Pedestrian-friendly- Mixed-use suburban hub
Green High-Rise in Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Features:
• Efficient use of land
• Saves land for farming
• Transportation
• Walking/biking distance
• Low energy footprint
• Mixed-use; green hub
• Solar panel; PV cells
• Natural daylighting
• LED light
• Green roof
• Recycled materials
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j4x-
_z_gm7M
NEXT STEPS
• We presented “work in progress.”
• No definitive conclusions.
• Ultimately, we want to arrive at a geospatial model that advises on retrofitting suburbs.
– Where are the power centers?
– Where high-density infill development should go?
– Would high-rise typology be appropriate, and where?
Thank you…