The Growth of TownsThe Growth of TownsAgendaAgenda

Section 3 – The Growth of TownsSection 3 – The Growth of Towns

The growth of Towns

Crucial- will transform Europe into Crucial- will transform Europe into an urban society (eventually). an urban society (eventually).

Walled for defense- built around Walled for defense- built around old roman cities, castles or old roman cities, castles or cathedralscathedrals

Show times are betterShow times are better

Allow for exchange of ideas Allow for exchange of ideas

and growth of knowledgeand growth of knowledge

Unique RightsOutside feudal system. Towns still Outside feudal system. Towns still needed protection from nobles, but needed protection from nobles, but did not owe same obligations. did not owe same obligations. Created a Created a Charter Charter – contract which – contract which define their rightsdefine their rights

Freedom from manor duties and taxesFreedom from manor duties and taxes

Own courtsOwn courts

Could move and trade freely (no Could move and trade freely (no serfdom)serfdom)

GuildsWorkers in Workers in various trades various trades organized groups organized groups to limit their to limit their numbers and set numbers and set standards for standards for good work.good work.

Both Merchants Both Merchants and craftspeople and craftspeople formed guildsformed guilds

Important job was Important job was training workerstraining workers

ApprenticeApprentice

JourneymanJourneyman

A new part of society- the Middle Class

Feudal world is noble/peasant- Feudal world is noble/peasant- rich/poorrich/poor

But townspeople are outside But townspeople are outside feudalism- and growing wealthier, feudalism- and growing wealthier, which increases influence.which increases influence.

Not a huge segment of society (15% Not a huge segment of society (15% by 1400) but would grow until they by 1400) but would grow until they become the backbone of societybecome the backbone of society

CENTER OF NEW IDEASCENTER OF NEW IDEAS

Town Life

Grow haphazardly and with Grow haphazardly and with

little planning.little planning.

About 2000 common size (Big cities About 2000 common size (Big cities about 100,000)about 100,000)

Unhealthy- no sewers, garbage, Unhealthy- no sewers, garbage, contaminated watercontaminated water

Houses were multistory- Houses were multistory- wood/plaster with thatch roof- HUGE wood/plaster with thatch roof- HUGE fire hazard.fire hazard.

The Black DeathThe Black Death

The Black DeathEurope has always Europe has always had problems with had problems with disease disease

Black death is Black death is PandemicPandemic affects the affects the life of everyone in life of everyone in EuropeEurope

Came from Asia- Hit Came from Asia- Hit Europe in 1347- a Europe in 1347- a result of traderesult of trade

Bubonic Plague Bubonic Plague

From 1347-1353 half From 1347-1353 half of the population of of the population of Europe died.Europe died.

No understanding No understanding of how disease of how disease spread, no spread, no treatment- treatment- widespread terrorwidespread terror

Thought it was the Thought it was the end of the worldend of the world

Yersina Pestis – Bubonic Plague

Life and Culture in the middle ages

For a long time there was very little

Biggest growth 1000-1300

Language

Latin had been “universal”- but there wasn’t just one culture anymore

During dark ages new languages had formed- often a combo of Latin/local/invader- called Vernacular

2 main language “families”Romance Germanic

Spanish, French, German, Dutch,

Italian, Portuguese Danish, Swedish, English

Vernacular Literature

Even after development of local language writing was still done in Latin. (which meant you had to learn it to be literate)Around 1000 people start writing in vernacularStarts with Troubadours – storytellers who sang local legends (Robin Hood, King Arthur etc….)

Robin Hood1 Robin Hood hee was and a tall young man, And fifteen winters old,   And Robin Hood he was a proper young man, Of courage stout and bold.

2 Robin Hood he would and to fair Nottingham, With the general for to dine;   There was he ware of fifteen forresters, And a drinking bear, ale, and wine.

3 'What news? What news?' said bold Robin Hood; 'What news, fain wouldest thou know?   'Our king hath provided a shooting-match:' 'And I'm ready with my bow.'  4 'We hold it in scorn,' then said the forresters, That ever a boy so young   Should bear a bow before our king, That's not able to draw one string.'

5 Robin Hood he bent up a noble bow, And a broad arrow he let flye,   He hit the mark a hundred rod, And he causest a hart to dye

Education

Rare (mainly clergy)Most done with private tutor- or in monastery (by clergy, and for clergy)Crusades made people more interested in education.As towns grew, schools grew (often at a cathedral)- open to anyone who could pay. Become….University: Bolgona (Law) Salerno (med)

Paris (theology) Oxford (Math)

Reviving philosophy

Works of ancient scholars “rediscovered” during crusades. But they were all pagan- and church needed to make their ideas work with Christianity.Scholasticism- medieval philosophy: combine faith and reason.

Thomas Aquinas- Most famous. “Summa theologica”

Dante Alighieri

First author to write in vernacular and have it considered “literature”. Known as “father of italian”

The Divine Comedy – Virgil leads Dante on a journey through heaven and the hot place- which was full of real people. First satire in modern world.

Geoffrey Chaucer

The Canterbury Tales 30 pilgrims on a journey, all from different parts of life, all with a story to tell. Shows that all people have the same feelings/desires, and that all are equal in the eyes of god.

Wrote in middle english

Beowulf

HWÆT, WE GAR-DEna in geardagum, þeodcyninga þrym gefrunon, hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon! oft Scyld Scefing sceaþena þreatum, monegum mægþum meodosetla ofteah, egsode eorlas, syððanærest wearðfeasceaft funden; he þæs frofre gebad,weox under wolcnum weorðmyndum þah,oð þæt him æghwylc ymbsittendraofer hronrade hyran scolde, gomban gyldan; þæt wæs god cyning! Ðæm eafera wæs æfter cenned geong in geardum, þone God sende folce to frofre; fyrenðearfe ongeat, þe hie ær drugon aldorlease lange hwile; him þæs Liffrea, wuldres Wealdend woroldare forgeaf, Beowulf wæs breme --- blæd wide sprang--- Scyldes eafera Scedelandum in. Swa sceal geong guma gode gewyrcean, fromum feohgiftumon fæder bearme

Bifil that in that seson on a day, In southwerk at the tabard as I lay Redy to wenden on my pilgrymage To caunterbury with ful devout corage, At nyght was come into that hostelrye Wel nyne and twenty in a compaignye, Of sondry folk, by aventure yfalle In felaweshipe, and pilgrimes were they alle, That toward caunterbury wolden ryde. The chambres and the stables weren wyde, And wel we weren esed atte beste. And shortly, whan the sonne was to reste, So hadde I spoken with hem everichon That I was of hir felaweshipe anon, And made forward erly for to ryse, To take oure wey ther as I yow devyse. But nathelees, whil I have tyme and space, Er that I ferther in this tale pace, Me thynketh it acordaunt to resoun To telle yow al the condicioun Of ech of hem, so as it semed me, And whiche they weren, and of what degree, And eek in what array that they were inne; And at a knyght than wol I first bigynne.