the harlem renaissance. harlem is vicious modernism. bangclash. vicious the way it's made, can...
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THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE
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Harlem is vicious
Modernism. BangClash.
Vicious the way it's made,
Can you stand such beauty.
So violent and transforming.
- Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones)
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The Harlem Renaissance
• The name given to the period from the end of World War I and through the middle of the 1930s Depression,
• African-American writers, thinkers and artists produced a sizable contribution to American culture.
Notes: Write this down!!
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• Most African Americans remained in the South nearly fifty years after the Civil War.
• There were plenty of reasons for blacks to leave the south, but little economic advantage to moving northward.
• With outbreak of World War I, this dynamic changes because: – 1) war generates new opportunities for industry– 2) much of existing labor supply leaves work force– 3) immigrant labor pool evaporates.
Notes: Write this down!!
SOUTHERN BLACKS AND THE LURE OF THE NORTH BEFORE AND AFTER 1914
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The Great Migration
•The end result is called “The Great Migration.”
• Black populations congregated in northern cities like Chicago and New York in unprecedented numbers.
•The concentration in New York city occurred on the upper west side, in Harlem.
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• Northern city life proves both exhilarating and extremely troubling from World War I onward.
• Economic gains are real, but frustrations over limits grows over time.
• The North provides greater educational, political, social opportunities.
• Rising racism leads to strict residential segregation that causes overcrowding, run-down conditions, artificially high rents.
THE NORTH AS PROMISED LAND AND LAND OF BROKEN PROMISES
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Important Features of the HR• It became a symbol of new vitality, Black urbanity, and Black
militancy.
• It encouraged a new appreciation of African American folk roots and culture. This provided a rich source for racial imagination.
• Led to immense contributions by African Americans to the arts; music, painting and literature.
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Music of the HR
• Bessie Smith
• Duke Ellington
• Louis Armstrong
• Cab Calloway
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Music of the Harlem renaissance – The Jazz Age
• “It was in many ways a revolt against constraints because it was so joyous. Typically instrumented by piano, string bass, and drums, jazz began to take charge of the new era of music. “
– -- Kwa King, “The Jazz Age”
•“There is truly no incorrect way to play Jazz.”
- J.A. Roger
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The Young Black Intellectuals
•W.E.B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey, and Alain Locke.
• Common themes: alienation, marginality, the use of folk material, the use of the blues tradition, the problems of writing for an elite audience.
•“One ever feels his two-ness - an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled stirrings: two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder." WEB Du bois
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Paintings of the Harlem Renaissance
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Writers of the HR
Claude McKay Langston Hughes
Zora Neale Hurston
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America
Although she feeds me bread of bitterness,And sinks into my throat her tiger’s tooth,Stealing my breath of life, I will confess
I love this cultured hell that tests my youth!Her vigor flows like tides into my blood,
Giving me strength erect against her hate.Her bigness sweeps my being like a flood.
Yet as a rebel fronts a king in state,I stand within her walls with not a shred
Of terror, malice, not a word of jeer.Darkly I gaze into the days ahead,
And see her might and granite wonders there,Beneath the touch of Time’s unerring hand,Like priceless treasures sinking in the sand.
-Claude McKay
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Cross
My old man’s a white old manAnd my old mother’s black.
If ever I cursed my white old manI take my curses back.
If ever I cursed my black old motherAnd wished she were in hell,I’m sorry for that evil wishAnd now I wish her well
My old man died in a fine big house.My ma died in a shack.
I wonder where I’m going to die,Being neither white nor black?
- Langston Hughes
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Zora Neal Hurston
• I want a busy life, a just mind, and a timely end.”
• $945 is the most any of her books made.
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What Happened to it?• The Harlem Renaissance ended because the central ideas that
underlay its artistic production had been exhausted by the mid 1930s.
• There were only so many poems and short stories to be written about "what it means to feel black like me" and "what does Africa mean to me?”
• Even those like Langston Hughes focused on their class position rather than their ethnic or racial specialness.
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Lorraine Hansberry
6140 S. Rhodes Ave. Woodlawn
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Lorraine Hansberry
• Born in Chicago on May 19, 1930.
• Father, a real estate broker, fought for years against restricted housing.
• Before his Supreme Court victory, family integrated a white neighborhood.
• In 1959 'A Raisin in the Sun'-produced, directed, and performed by blacks-was the first Broadway play by a black woman.
• Died in 1965, at the age of 34, of pancreatic cancer