The Heath Anthologyof American Literature

FIFTH EDITION

Volume AColonial Period to 1800

Paul LauterTrinity College

General Editor

Jackson R. BryerUniversity of Maryland

King-Kok CheungUniversity of California, Los Angeles

Anne Goodwyn JonesUniversity of Missouri

Wendy MartinClaremont Graduate University

Quentin MillerSuffolk University

Richard YarboroughUniversity of California, Los Angeles

Associate General Editor

Charles MolesworthQueens College, City Universityof New York

Raymund ParedesUniversity of Texas, San Antonio

Ivy T. SchweitzerDartmouth College

Andrew O. WigetNew Mexico State University

Sandra A. ZagarellOberlin College

John AlbertiNorthern Kentucky University

Editor, Instructor's Guide

James Kyung-Jin LeeUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraAssociate Editor

Lois LeveenElectronic Resources Editor

Mary Pat BradyCornell UniversityAssociate Editor

Houghton Mifflin CompanyBoston New York

CONTENTS

xxv Preface

COLONIAL PERIOD: TO 17002 Native American Culture and Traditions5 The Europeans Arrive8 New World Cultures11 New World Literatures ' •'• • -

16 Native American Oral Literatures

19 Native American Oral Narrative22 Talk Concerning the First Beginning (Zuni)36 Changing Woman and the Hero Twins after the Emergence

of the People (Navajo)49 Wohpe and the Gift of the Pipe (Lakota)51 The Origin of Stories (Seneca)54 Iroquois or Confederacy of the Five Nations (Iroquois)57 Iktomi and the Dancing Ducks (Christine Dunham, Oglala Sioux)59 Raven and Marriage (Tlingit)64 The Bungling Host (Hitchiti)65 Creation of the Whites (Yuchi)

66 Native American Oral Poetry69. Zuni Poetry69 Sayatasha's Night Chant89 Aztec Poetry89 The Singer's Art90 Two Songs91 Like Flowers Continually Perishing (Ayocuan)92 Inuit Poetry92 Song (Copper Eskimo)93 Moved (Uvavnuk, Iglulik Eskimo)93 Improvised Greeting (Takomaq, Iglulik Eskimo)94 Widow's Song (Quernertoq, Copper Eskimo)95 My Breath (Orpingalik, Netsilik Eskimo)

vi • Contents

97 A Selection of Poems97 Deer Hunting Song (Virsak Vai-i, O'odham)98 Love Song (Aleut)98 Song of Repulse to a Vain Lover (To'ak, Makah)99 A Dream Song (Annie Long Tom, Clayoquot)99 Woman's Divorce Dance Song (Jane Green)100 Formula to Secure Love (Cherokee)101 Formula to Cause Death (A'yunini the Swimmer, Cherokee)102 Song of War (Blackfeet)102 War Song (Crow)103 Song of War (Odjib'we, Anishinabe)103 War Song (Young Doctor, Makah)104 Song of Famine (Holy-Face Bear, Dakota)104 Song of War (Two Shields, Lakota)105 Song of War (Victoria, Tohona O'odham)

106 Cluster: America in the European Imagination

109 Thomas More109 from Utopia

109 Michel de Montaigne109 from Of Cannibals

110 Theodor Galle, after a drawing by Jan van der Straet [Stradanus]110 America, c. 1575

111 John Donne .111 Elegie XIX, To his Mistris Going to Bed

112 Francis Bacon112 from New Atlantis

113 New Spain

119 Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)120 from Journal of the First Voyage to America, 1492-1493128 from Narrative of the Third Voyage, 1498-1500

132 Cluster: Cultural Encounters — A Critical Survey

134 Frederick Jackson Turner (1861-1932)134 from The Significance of the Frontier in American History

Contents • vii

135 Andrew Wiget <from Reading Against the Grain: Origin Stories and American

135 Literacy History

136 Annette Kolodny136 from Letting Go Our Grand Obsessions: Notes Toward a New

Literary History of the American Frontiers

136 Mary Louise Pratt136 from Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transcultufation

137 PaulGilroy137 from The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness

138 Paula M. L. Moya and Ramon Saldivar13,8 from Fictions of the Trans^American Imaginary

139 Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca (1490P-1556?)141 from Relation of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca141 Prologue142 from Chapter VII, The Character of the Country143 from Chapter VIII, We Go from Aute145 from Chapter X, The Assault from the Indians145 from Chapter XI, Of What Befel Lope de Oviedo with the Indians146 from Chapter XXI, Our Cure of Some of the Afflicted147 from Chapter XXIV,. Customs of the Indians of That Country148 from Chapter XXVII, We Moved Away and Were Well Received149 from Chapter XXXII, The Indians Give Us the Hearts of Deer150 from Chapter XXXIII, We See Traces of Christians151 from Chapter XXXIV, Of Sending for the Christians

152 Fray Marcos de Niza (1495P-1542)153 from A Relation of the Reverend Father Fray Marcos de Niza, Touching

His Discovery of the Kingdom of Ceuola or Cibola . . .

156 Pedro de Casteneda (1510P-1570?)157 from The Narrative of the Expedition of Coronado

Chapter XXI, Of how the army returned to Tiguexand the general reached Quivira

159 Gaspar Perez de Villagra (1555-1620)160 from The History of New Mexico160 from Canto I, Which sets forth the oudine of the history162 Canto XIV, How the River of the North was discovered

and the trials that were borne in discovering it. . . .170 Canto XXX, How the new General.. . went to take leave

of Luzcoija, and the batde he had with the Spaniards

viii • Contents

178 The Apparition of the Virgin of Guadalupe in 1531179 from The History of the Miraculous Apparition.of the Virgin

of Guadalupe in 1531,1649

186 Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz (1648-1695)188 48, In Reply to a Gentleman from Peru, Who Sent Her Clay Vessels

While Suggesting She Would Better Be a Man192 94, Which Reveals the Honorable Ancestry of a High-Born Drunkard193 317, Villancico VI, from "Santa Catarina," 1691

195 Don Antonio de Otermfn (fl. 1680)196 Letter on the Pueblo Revolt of 1680

203 The Coming of the Spanish and the Pueblo Revolt (Hopi)203 The Coming of the Spanish and the Pueblo Revolt (Hopi)

207 Don Diego de Vargas (P-1704)208 from Letter on The Reconquest of New Mexico, 1692

214 New France

216 Rene Goulaine de Laudonniere (fl. 1562-1582)216 from A Notable Historie Containing Foure Voyages Made by

Certaine French Captaines unto Florida

219 Samuel deChamplain (1570P-1635)220 from The Voyages of Samuel de Champlain, 1604-1618220 from The Voyages to the Great River St. Lawrence, 1608-1612223 from The Voyages of 1615

224 The Jesuit Relations226 from The Relation of 1647, by Father Jerome Lalemant

235 Chesapeake

237 Thomas Harriot (1560-1621)239 from A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia

247 Edward Maria Wingfield(1560?-1613?) ,248 from A Discourse of Virginia .

255 John Smith (1580-1631)258 from The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England,

and the Summer Isles ,258 from Book III, Chapter 2 [Smith as captive at the court of

Powhatan in 1608]260 from Book III, Chapter 8 [Smith's journey to Pamaunkee]264 from A Description of New England, . • . '

Contents' • ix

267 from Advertisements for the Unexperienced Planters of New-England,or Anywhere, Or the Path-way to Experience to Erect a Plantation[Review of the colonies planted in New England, and Virginia] . \ • •

2 7 0 R i c h a r d F r e t h o r n e ( f l . 1 6 2 3 ) . •'••'••'. ' . : .270 from Richard Frethorne, to His Parents (Virginia,11623) ,. • .

273 Nathaniel Bacon (1647-1676) - ,275 Nathaniel Bacon Esq'r his Manifesto' Concerning the ' •

Present Troubles in Virginia " ' ' ' '

280 James Revel (1640s?-?) ! ' , " ' V282 The Poor, Unhappy Transported Felon _• ,

2 8 9 N e w E n g l a n d ; .'"''" j -,.

294 Thomas Morton (1579 P-1647?)296 from > New English Canaan •• ..i • •• / ' . - . ' • .296 from Book I, Containing the originall of the Natives, their

manners '& Custorries,; with their tractable nature andlove towards the English ' rehi • . • ; J ':. • . • >.

296 !' 'from Chapter 'I VfOftheir Houses and;Habitations • ' v - •296 "from Chapter VI; Of the Indians appare'll' '/> ' • • .; \297 Chapter VIII, Of their Reverence, and respect to :age297 ;l • Chapter XVI, Of their acknowledgment of the Creation,

and immortality of the Soule" A

298 -' from Chapter XXj'Thatthe Salvages-live a^contended life.'299 from Book III, Containing a description of the'People that are

plahted there, what remarkable Accidents have'happehed there since !they were settled, what Tenents they hould, together with the practiseof their Church • :. \ . . - - ,; -- •. ;i

299 from Chapter I, Of a great League made with the PlimmouthPlanters after their arrivall, by the Sachem of those Territories .,

300 from Chapter V, Of a Massacre made upon the Salvages atWessaguscus . . . ; . • • , ,

300 from Chapter VII? Of Thomas-Mortons entertainement atPlimmouth, and castinge away upon an Island ,,, .; •

301 from Chapter XIV, Of the Revells of New ;Canaan ; , . , :303 Chapter XV, Of a great Monster supposed to.be at , , • ;

Ma-re-Mount; and the preparation made to destroy it306 Chapter XVI, How the 9. worthies put mine Host of

Ma-re-Mount into the inchaunted Castle at Plimmouth,and terrified him with the Monster Briareus

x • Contents

307 John Winthrop (1588-1649) '309 from A Modell of Christian Charity317 from The Journal of John Winthrop •

324 William Bradford (1590-1657) .326 from Of Plymouth Plantation326 from Book I326 from Chapter I, The Separatist Interpretation of the Reformation

in England 1550-1607327 from Chapter IX, Of their Voyage, and how they Passed the Sea;

and of their Safe Arrival at Cape Cod329 from Book II329 from Chapter XI, The Remainder of Anno 1620 [The Mayflower329 Compact, The Starving Time, Indian Relations]333 from Chapter XIV, Anno Domini 1623 [End of the "Common Course

and Condition"]334 from Chapter XIX, Anno Domini 1628 [Thomas Morton of

Merrymount] •' • . • -337 from Chapter XXIII, Anno Domini 1632 [Prosperity ,

Brings Dispersal of Population] . . .338 from Chapter XXVIII, Anno Domini 1637 [The.Pequot War]340 from Chapter XXIX, Anno Domini 1638 [Great and Fearful

Earthquake]340 from Chapter XXXII, Anno Domini 1642.[Wickedness Breaks

Forth; A Horrible Case of Beastiality] . •343 from Chapter XXXIII, Anno Domini 1643 [The Life and Death

of Elder Brewster] . , . .345 from Chapter XXXIV, Anno Domini 1644 [Proposal to Remove

<• t o N a u s e t ) • . . •

347 Roger Williams (1603 ?-1683)349 from A Key into the Language of America349 [Preface]: To my Deare and Welbeloved Friends and Countreymen,

in 'old and new England351 Chapter XI, Of Travell256 from Chapter XXIyOf Religion, the soule, &c.362 Chapter XXII, Of their Government and Justice365 To the Town of Providence366 Testimony of Roger Williams relative to his first coming into the

Narragansett country

367 Thomas Shepard (1605-1649)370 Autobiography

394 Anne Bradstreet (1612?-1672)396 The Prologue [To Her Book]

Contents • xi

398 In Honour of. . . Queen Elizabeth /402 The Author to Her Book402 To Her Father with Some Verses403 The Flesh and the Spirit406 Before the Birth of One of Her Children406 To My Dear and Loving Husband407 A Letter to Her Husband, Absent upon Public Employment408 In Memory of My Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet,

Who Deceased August, 1665, Being a Year and Half Old408 On My Dear Grandchild Simon Bradstreet, Who Died

on 16 November, 1669, being but a Month, and One Day Old409 Upon the Burning of Our House July 10th, 1666410 To My Dear Children

414 Michael Wigglesworth (1631-1705)415 from The Diary of Michael Wigglesworth419 A Song of Emptiness

423 The Bay Psalm Book (1640); The New EnglandPrimer (1683?)

425 from The Bay Psalm Book425 from "The Preface" by John Cotton427 Psalm 1428 Psalm 6429 Psalm 8430 Psalm 19431 Psalm 23433 Psalm 137434 from The New England Primer434 Alphabet435 The Dutiful Child's Promises435 Verses436 The Death of John Rogers

437 Mary White Rowlandson [Talcott] (1637?-1711)440 from A Narrative of the Captivity and Restauration of Mrs. Mary

Rowlandson

468 Edward Taylor (1642?-1729)472 from God's Determinations472 The Preface473 The Souls Groan to Christ for Succour474 Christs Reply478 The Joy of Church Fellowship righdy attended479 from Occasional Poems479 4, Huswifery

xii • Contents

480 6, U p o n Wedlock, & Death of Children' ' • .'482 from Preparatory Meditations, First Series .' . • • :<482 Prologue - • . ••''. '•'483 6, Another Meditation at the same time. •'•>•-,-' . ' : :• " •484 8, Meditation. Joh. 6 .51.1 am the Living Bread. r, i ••:•;•'•485 from Preparatory Meditations, Second Series • ••••••.••485 1, Meditation, 'Col. 2.17. Which are Shaddows of ' • • • . • .

things to come and the body is Christ487 26, Meditation. H e b . 9.13.14. H o w much more •• •..";? •• v

shall the blood of Christ, e tc . . '•< • . ' • • ; •'• •488 50, Meditat ion. Joh. 1.14: Full of Truth490 115, Meditat ion. Cant. 5 :10 .My Beloved. . . • •• -<\. -492 from A Valediction to all the World preparatory for Death 3 d • •

o f t h e l l m 1720 Version 1 -.492 Cant. 3 , Valediction, to the Terraqueous Globe , ;( ( .,494 A Fig for thee O h ! Death, Version 2

496 Samuel Sewall (1652-1730) .498 from The Diary of Samuel Sewall501 The Selling of Joseph, A Memorial ,. ....506 My Verses upon the New Century [Jan..1, 1701] J

507 Cotton Mather (1663-1728)509 from The Wonders of the Invisible World ' •-'i-509 [The Devil Attacks the People of God] •,•• •512 V. The Trial of Martha Carrier at The Court of Oyer and

Terminer, Held by Adjournment at Salem, August 2, 1692.514 from Magnalia Christi Americana; or, The Ecclesiastical "• '

History of New-England •. ''.'•••• •514 from A General Introduction517 Galeacius Secundus: The Life of William Bradford, Esq.,. . .:

Governor of Plymouth Colony . ,524 from Decennium Luctuosum: An History of Remarkable Occurrences

in the Long [Indian] War , •524 Article XX, A Notable Exploit: dux femina facti [Hannah

Dustin's Captivity] , , . ; , . . : ,..527 from The Negro Christianized532 from Bonifacius.. . . With Humble Proposa ls . . . "

to Do Good in the World ' - • • - ' - -

533 John Williams (1664-1729) ,535 from The Redeemed Captive Returning to Zion . .

Contents • xiii

544 A Sheaf of Seventeenth-Century Anglo-American Poetry

545 Thomas Tillam (?-c. 1676)545 Uppon the first sight of New-England June 29,1638

546 John Wilson (c. 1588-1667) ,547 Anagram made by mr John Willson of Boston upon the Death of

Mrs.Abigaill Tompson, And sent to her husband in Virginia, whilehe was sent to preach the gospell yr

548 John Josselyn (c. 1610-post 1692)549 Verses made sometime since upon the Picture of a young and handsome

Gypsie, not improperly transferred upon the Indian Squa ..549 The Poem ,. \\550 [And the bitter storm augments]

550 John Saffin (1626-1710)551 [Sweetly (my Dearest) I left thee asleep]552 The Negroes Character

553 George Alsop (1636?-1673?)553 Trafique is Earth's Great Atlas. •>-•.. . >

553 Sarah WhippleGoodhue (1641-1681)554 Lines to Her Family : ' * ' • "

554 Benjamin Tompson (1642-1714) !

555 Chelrrisford's Fate .''/ ''. ( '" \ "'' ' , ' ;555 A Supplement ' . ,

556 Richard Steere (1643 ?-1721)556 On a Sea-Storm nigh the Coast

557 Anna Tompson Hayden (1648-1720) ,557 Upon the Death of Elizabeth Tompson

558 Elizabeth Sowle Bradford (1663 ?-1731)558 To the Reader, in Vindication of this Book

559 Roger Wolcott (1679-1767)560 from A Brief Account of the Agency of the Honorable John Winthrop,

Esq; In the Court of King Charles the Second, Anno Dom. 1662 When heObtained for the Colony of Connecticut His Majesty's Gracious Charter

562 Mary French (1687?-?)563 from A Poem Written by a Captive Damsel

xiv • Contents

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 565568 The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening571 Daily Life and the Woman's Sphere572 Literacy and Education573 Revolution and Confederation576 A Nation of Disparate Peoples580 From the Plow, to the Sword, to the hook

582 Settlement and Religion

584 Sarah Kemble Knight (1666-1727)585 The Journal of Madam Knight

602 Louis Armand de Lorn d'Arce, Baron de Lahontan(1666-1715)

604 from New Voyages to North-America . . . from 1683 to 1694,in Two Volumes

604 from Volume I, A Discourse of the Interest of the French,and of the English, in North-America

605 from Volume II, New Voyages to America, Giving anAccount of the Customs, Commerce, Religion andStrange Opinions of the Savages of that Country

607 from A Short View of the Humors and Customs of the Savages608 from An Account of the Amours and Marriages of the Savages

610 William Byrd II (1674-1744)612 from The History of the Dividing Line betwixt Virginia and

North Carolina and The Secret History of the Line630 Letter to Mrs. Jane Pratt Taylor (October 10,1735)

633 Cluster: On Nature and Nature's God

635 John Locke (1632-1704)635 from Essay Concerning Human Understanding

Chapter I, Of Ideas in general, and their Original

636 Alexander Pope (1688-1744)636 from Essay on Man, Epistle I636 I [Say first, of God above or Man below]637 VII [Far as creation's ample range extends]638 X [Gease, then, nor Order imperfection name]638 Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758)638 from Treatise Concerning Religious Affections

Contents • xv

640 James Otis (1725-1783) *640 from The Discourse of Nature and Government

641 Anna Eliza Bleecker (1752-1783?)641 On the Immensity of Creation

642 Philip Freneau (1752-1832)642 On the Universality and Other Attributes of the God of Nature

643 Thomas Paine (1737-1809)643 from The Age of Reason643 Chapter I, The Audior's Profession of Faith

645 Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758)648 from Images of Divine Things650 On Sarah Pierrepont651 from A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God656 Personal Narrative666 Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

677 Elizabeth Ashbridge (1713-1755)678 from Some Account of the Fore Part of the Life of Elizabeth

Ashbridge,... Written by her own Hand many years ago

689 John Woolman (1720-1772)692 from The Journal of John Woolman703 from Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes

709 Francisco Palou (1723-1789)710 Life of Junipero Serra710 from Chapter XXII, The Expeditions Arrive at the Port of

Monterey The Mission and Presidio of San CarlosAre Founded

713 from Chapter LVIII, The Exemplary Death of the Venerable FatherJunipero

719 A Sheaf of Eighteenth-Century Anglo-American Poetry

723 Ebenezer Cook (1667-1733)723 The Sot-weed Factor; or, a Voyage to Maryland, &c.

741 Susanna Wright (1697-1784)742 To Eliza Norris—at Fairhill

xvi • Contents

743 Anna Boylens Letter to King Henry the 8th . •-..'"; •746 On the Benefit of Labour ,, .. ' * • • . - .747 My Own Birth Day.—August 4th 1761

748 Richard Lewis (1700?-1734) ; ,749 A Journey from Patapsko to Annapolis, April 4,1730

758 W i l l i a m D a w s o n ( 1 7 0 4 - 4 7 5 2 )758 T h e Wager . A Tale -. . . .

764 Jane Colman Turell (1708-1735)764 Psalm CXXXVII. Paraphras'd Augus,t 5th, 1725 :765 [Lines on Childbirth]766 On Reading the Warning By Mrs. Singer767 To My Muse - ; . / • <

768 Lucy Terry (1730-1821) " '768 Bars Fight . . 1,; , . ' .

769 Thomas Godfrey (1736-1763) ,769 from The Prince of Parthia, A Tragedy., . . ! .;-.,,,.....'

771 Annis Boudinot Stockton (1736-1801) :•_.; , :

7 7 1 T o L a u r a ' ,, ., , , • • , • , . - , • • • .

772 Epistle, To Lucius •773 A Poetical Epistle, Addressed by a Lady of New Jersey, to Her Niece,

upon Her Marriage .775 The Vision, an Ode to Washington

777 Elizabeth Graeme Fergusson (1737-1801)778 Upon the Discovery of the Planet By Mr. Herschel of Bath . . .778 On a Beautiful Damask Rose, Emblematical of Love and Wedlock779 On the Mind s Being Engrossed by One Subject

780 Nathaniel Evans (1742-1767) .=780 -,Hymn to.May, . : „ • •- •. . • <782 Ode to the Memory of Mr. Thomas Godfrey784 To Benjamin Franklin, Occasioned by Hearing Him Play on the

Harmonica

785 Anna Young Smith (1756-1780)785 On Reading Swift's Works786 An Elegy to the Memory of the American Volunteers,... April 19,1775

788 Sarah Wentworth Apthorp Morton (1759-1846)789 from Ouabi: or the Virtues of Nature, An Indian Tale. In-Four Cantos

By Philenia, a Lady of Boston [Canto One]792 Stanzas to a Husband Recently United793 The African Chief

Contents • xvii

795 Margaretta Bleecker Faugetes (1771-1801) - ---795 The following Lines were occasioned by Mr. Robertson's refusing to paint

for one Lady, and immediately after taking another lady's likeness, 1793796 To Aribert. October, 1790 . -, -

797 P o e m s Published Anonymously <797 The Lady's Complaint ' ? • « . ' • . , •798 Verses Written by a Young Lady, on Women Born to Be Odntroll'd799 The Maid's Soliloquy .• . . . : • :

' . - " / . I " •.-•.

800 Voices of Revolution and Nationalism >

802 Handsome Lake (Seneca) (1735-1815)803 How America Was Discovered

• ' •> i • • . • •

804 Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)8 0 8 T h e W a y t o W e a l t h . : ; . ; - . :8 1 4 A W i t c h T r i a l a t M o u n t H o l l y ' : , ' . ' • / '8 1 5 T h e S p e e c h o f P o l l y B a k e r ' ' " " , ' ' ,-, • > -~\817 An Edict by the King of Prussia ,, . , . _ , . . . .820 The Ephemera, an Emblem of Human Life . . . . .821 Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America , ' , , . • - ,825 On the Slave-Trade , ' . ," '"•827 Speech in the Convention . . . . . . ,828 from The Autobiography , , .. ,828 Part One [Twyford, at the Bishop of St. Asaph's, 1771]876 Part Two: Continuation of the Account of My Life Begun,

atPassy, 1784 , , ,.. , * • • : .886 Part Three [Philadelphia, 1788]

890 Mercy Otis Warren (1728-1814)892 To Fidelio, Long Absent on the great public Cause, which agitated all

America, in,1776 . . . -894 The Group ' \ ,i:. •917 from The Ladies of Castille , „.918 from An Address to the Inhabitants of the United States of America

921 J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur (1735-1813) '922 /rcwz Letters from an American Farmer •_.• • • ^ ,922 from Letter I, Introduction • • . . . : •925 from Letter II, On the Situation, Feelings, and • .

Pleasures of an American Farmer ,••"•• <>:• < • • • !.928 . from Letter III, What Is an American? ^ .. . . >> . . . . .933 from Letter V, Customary Education and Employment- •-

of the Inhabitants of N a n t u c k e t - • . K. • :u ' :•-- :

xviii • Contents

934 from Letter IX, Description of Charles Town; Thoughtson Slavery; on Physical Evil; a Melancholy Scene

941 from Letter XII,. Distresses of a Frontier Man

957 Thomas Paine (1737-1809)959 from Common Sense959 Thoughts on the Present State of American Affairs965 from The American Crisis965 Number 1971 from The Age of Reason971 from Chapter II, Of Missions and Revelations972 from Chapter III, Concerning the Character of Jesus Christ,

and His History974 from Chapter VI, Of the True Theology

976 John Adams (1735-1826) and Abigail Adams (1744-1818)977 from Autobiography of John Adams979 Letter from Abigail Adams to John Adams, March 31,1776979 Letter from John Adams to Abigail Adams, April 14,1776980 from Letter from John Adams to Mercy Otis Warren, April 16, 1776981 from Letters from John Adams to Abigail Adams, July 3, 1776983 Letter from Abigail Adams to John Adams, June 30,1778984 Abigail Adams's Diary of Her Return Voyage to America,

March 30-May 1,1788986 from Letter from John Adams to Thomas Jefferson,

September 2,1813987 from Letter from Thomas Jefferson to John Adams,

October 28, 1813988 from Letter from John Adams to Thomas Jefferson,

November 15, 1813

990 Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)994 from Notes on the State of Virginia994 from Query VI, Productions, Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal,

Buffon and the Theory of Degeneracy999 from Query XI, Aborigines, Original Condition and Origin1003 from Query XIV, Laws1007 from Query XVII, Religion1009 from Query XVIII, Manners . . . Effect of Slavery1010 from Letter to James Madison, Oct. 28, 17851012 from Letter to James Madison, Dec. 20,17871015 Letter to Benjamin Banneker, Aug. 30, 17911015 Letter to the Marquis de Condorcet, Aug. 30,17911016 Letter to Edward Coles, Aug. 25, 18141018 Letter to Peter Carr [Young Man's Education]

Contents • xix

1022 Letter to Benjamin Hawkins [Civilization of the Indians]1023 Letter to Nathaniel Burwell [A Young Woman's Education]1025 from Indian Addresses: To Brother Handsome Lake

1027 Federalist and Anti-Federalist Contentions1029 The Federalist No. 6 (Alexander Hamilton)1034 The Federalist No. 10 (James Madison)1039 An Anti-Federalist Paper, To the Massachusetts Convention

1042 ToussaintL'Ouverture(1744?-1803)1044 Proclamations and Letters

1049 Cluster: On the Discourse of Liberty

1051 John Locke (1632-17041051 from Concerning Civil Government, Second Essay1051 Chapter II1051 Chapter VII

1052 Andrew Hamilton (1676-1741)1052 Closing Argument in the Libel Trial of John Peter Zenger

1054 Hannah Griffitts (1727-1817)1055 The Female Patriots. Addres'd to the Daughters of Liberty in

America, 1768

1056 Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784)1056 Letter to Samson Occom

1057 Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)1057 from Autobiography of Thomas Jefferson

1061 Prince Hall (1735?-1807)1061 To the Honorable Council & House of Representatives for the State of

Massachusetts-Bay.... The Petition of a great number of Negroeswho are detained in a state of Slavery in the Bowels of a free &Christian Country Humbly Shewing

1063 Anonymous (fl. 1795)1063 Rights of Woman

1065 Fisher Ames (1758-1808)1065 On the Dangers of Democracy

1067 Patriot and Loyalist Songs and Ballads1068 "Patriot" Voices1068 The Liberty Song

xx • Contents'

1069 Alphabet . f .1070 The King's own Regulars, And their Triumphs over the Irregulars1073 The Irishman's Epistle to the Officers and Troops at Boston1074 The Yankee's Return from Camp . . . .1076 Nathan Hale .1078 Sir Harry's Invitation1079 Volunteer Boys

1081 "Loyalist" Voices1081 When Good Queen Elizabeth Governed the. Realm1082 Song, for a Fishing Party near Burlington, on the Delaware, in 17761083 Burrowing Yankees1083 A Birthday Song, for the King's Birthday, June 4, 17771084 A Song1085 An Appeal

1087 C o n t e s t e d Visions, Amer i can Voices

1090 Jupiter Hammon (1711-1806?)1092 An Evening Thought: Salvation by Christ, with Penitential Cries1094 An Address to Miss Phillis Wheatly, Ethiopian Poetess, .

in Boston, who came from Africa at eight years of age, andsoon became acquainted with the gospel of Jesus Christ

1097 James Grainger (1721?-1766)1099 from The Sugar-Cane. A Poem. In Four Books1099 from Book IV, The Genius of Africa

1115 Samson Occom (Mohegan) (1723-1792)1116 A Short Narrative of My Life .1122 A Sermon Preached by Samson Occom

1137 Briton Hammon (fl. 1760)11-39 Narrative of the Uncommon Sufferings and Surprising, Deliverance

of Briton Hammon

1143 Prince Hall (1735?-1807)1145 A Charge, Delivered to the African Lodge, June 24, 1797, at

Menotomy • , .

1152 Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797)1154 from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or

Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself1154 from Chapter 11162 Chapter 2

C o n t e n t s • x x i

1 1 7 1 from C h a p t e r 3 ' • , ' ' • • • • •

1176 from Chapter 7 ' '1179 from Chapter 10

1185 Judith Sargent Murray (1751-1820)Desultory Thoughts upon the Utility of encouraging a degree of Self-

1187 Complacency, especially in Female Bosoms1190 On the Domestic Education of Children1193 On the Equality of the Sexes1200 Occasional Epilogue to The Contrast, a Comedy, Written •

by Royal Tyler, Esq. ... .

1202 Ann Eliza Bleecker (1752-1783) ,; -1204 Written in the Retreat from Burgoyne, .1206 from The History of Maria Kittle

1211 Philip Freneau (1752-1832)1212 The Power of Fancy1216 A Political Litany1217 To Sir Toby ' . ,1219 The Wild Honey Suckle " '1220 from The Country Printer1221 On Observing a Large Red-streak Apple1223 The Indian Burying Ground1224 On the Causes of Political Degeneracy

1226 Timothy Dwight (1752-1817)1229 from Greenfield Hill • .:1229 Part II, The Flourishing Village .,, .1234 from Part IV, The Destruction of the Pequods .

1238 Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784)1240 To Maecenas . . : • • • . .1242 Letter to the Right Hon'ble The Earl of Dartmouth per favour

of Mr. Wooldridge ' '1243 To the Right Honourable William, Earl of Dartmouth, His Majesty's

Principal Secretary of State for North-America, &c1244 Letter to the Rt. Hon'ble the Countess of Huntingdon1245 On the Death of the Rev. Mr. George Whitefield 17701246 On the Death of Dr. Samuel Marshall 17711247 On Being Brought from Africa to America1248 A Farewell to America -1249 To the University of Cambridge, in New England ,,1250 Philis's Reply to the Answer in our Last by the Gentleman

in the Navy

xxii • Contents

1252 To His Excellency General Washington1254 Liberty and Peace, A Poem by Phillis Peters

1255 Lemuel Haynes (1753-1833)1258 Liberty Further Extended: Or Free Thoughts on the Illegality ;

of Slave-keeping1268 Universal Salvation

1272 Joel Barlow (1754-1812)1274 The Prospect of Peace1279 The Hasty Pudding, A Poem, in Three Cantos1289 Advice to a Raven in Russia

1291 Royall Tyler (1757-1826)1293 The Contrast, A Comedy in Five Acts

1334 Hendrick Aupaumut (Mahican) (1757-1830)1336 from A Short Narration of My Last Journey to the Western Country

1340 Hannah Webster Foster (1758-1840)1341 from The Coquette; or, the History of Eliza Wharton1341 Letter I, To Miss Lucy Freeman1342 Letter II, To the Same1343 Letter III, To the Same1344 Letter IV, To Mr. Selby1345 Letter V, To Miss Lucy Freeman1346 Letter VI, To the Same1347 Letter VIII, To Mr. Charles Deighton1348 Letter XI, To Mr. Charles Deighton1348 Letter XII, To Miss Lucy Freeman1350 Letter XIII, To Miss Eliza Wharton1351 Letter XVIII, To Mr. Charles Deighton1352 Letter LXV, To Mr. Charles Deighton1353 Letter LXVIII, To Mrs. M. Wharton1354 Letter LXXI, To Mrs. Lucy Sumner1356 ' Letter LXXII, To Mr. Charles Deighton1358 Letter LXXIII, To Miss Julia Granby1359 Letter LXXIV, To Mrs. M. Wharton

1360 Susanna Haswell Rowson (1762-1824)1361 from Charlotte Temple1361 from Preface1362 from Chapter I, A Boarding School1364 Chapter VI, An Intriguing Teacher1365 from Chapter VII, Natural Sense of Propriety Inherent in the

Female Bosom

Contents • xxiii

1367 from Chapter IX, We Know Not What a Day May Bring Forth1369 from Chapter XI, Conflict of Love and Duty1371 from Chapter XII, [How thou art fall'n!]1372 from Chapter XIV, Maternal Sorrow

1373 Charles Brockden Brown (1771-1810)1375 Somnambulism, a fragment

A-l Acknowledgments

1-1 Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines